History of Cognitive Psychology: Ancient Philosophers to Modern Theories, Slides of Cognitive Psychology

Download History of Cognitive Psychology: Ancient Philosophers to Modern Theories and more Slides Cognitive Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! History of Cognitive Psychology Docsity.com History of Cognitive Psychology Presentism – evaluation in terms of current knowledge Historicism – evaluation in terms of what was known at the time 1984 Orange Bowl Docsity.com History of Psychology – Philosophical Influences Ancient Greeks Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) – credited as being the first empiricist empiricism - knowledge via observation tabula rasa – “blank slate” rationalism – knowledge via logical reasoning (Plato, 428-348 B.C.) Docsity.com Associationism - how ideas become associated in the mind First associationist - Aristotle Classic View of Association Aristotle Hobbes, Locke, Mill 1. We form mental associations We associate things in terms of: 1. similarity - (cats and dogs) 2. dissimilarity - (hot and cold) 3. closeness in time - (lightning and thunder) 2. During thought, one memory leads to another - thinking of cats will make you think of dogs Docsity.com Number of Backward Associates 4007 3007 2007 1007 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 AoA Rating for Target 6.000 7.000 Docsity.com 1700s - Kant Argued that both rationalism and empiricism are important - dialectical synthesis Docsity.com History of Psychology – Influence from Physiology von Helmholtz (1821-1894) Broca (1824-1880) Wernicke (1848-1905) Docsity.com Scientific Revolution (1550-1700) Copernicus – discovered that the sun was the center of the universe. later validated by Galileo and Newton Docsity.com Schools of Psychology - Structuralism Structuralism – attempt to break down conscious perception into its basic elements. Introspection – technique Titchner Docsity.com Schools of Psychology - Structuralism Structuralism – attempt to dissect perception into elements Introspection – technique introspection colors shapes size texture Docsity.com Problems with Introspection 1. Subjective 2. The conscious mind does not have access to basic perceptual processes meaning sounds letters features BOOK Docsity.com savings score eo s38é688 = Immediate Necall 6 days 1 day Seis i} J ile 12 6 31 Elapsed Time Since Learning Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Functionalism William James – Harvard Principles of Psychology (1890) Still in print! Functionalism – focus is on the functions of the mind influenced by Darwin’s theory Natural Selection – nature selects How did the functions of the mind help us survive? attention memory consciousness Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Psychoanalytic Psychology Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Major Contribution – thoughts and behaviors can be influenced by unconscious processes. Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Behaviorism Watson (1913) – Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it Behavior is the proper subject matter for psychology. The mind is not. Logical positivism – All knowledge should be expressed by statements that are directly verifiable. Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Law of Effect Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Behaviorism Watson (1913) – Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it Behavior is the proper subject matter for psychology. The mind is not. "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors" (Watson, 1930). Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Behaviorism Operant conditioning Law of Effect behavior positive outcome = repeat behavior negative outcome = do not repeat E. Thorndike Docsity.com Schools of Psychology – Cognitive Psychology The study of the mind and mental processes. What about Logical Positivism? inference Docsity.com Cognitive Psychology – later in the 60s Roger Sperry – hemispheric specialization Quillian (1968) coins “semantic memory” Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) propose memory model Sternberg establishes RT as important DV Docsity.com Cognitive Psychology – the 70s Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) – semantic priming Craik and Lockhart (1972) – levels of processing Collins, Quillian, Loftus – spreading activation Baddeley proposes STWM model Loftus and Palmer (1974) – car accident study Tversky and Kahneman – heuristics and decision making McClelland (1979) – cascadic processing Tulving – encoding specificity Docsity.com Current Trends 1. The study of the brain is big 2. Connectionism is big 3. Cognitive Science – interdisciplinary approach cognitive psychology linguistics computer science neurology and more Docsity.com Current Trends 1. The study of the brain is big 2. Connectionism is big 3. Cognitive Science – interdisciplinary approach 4. Applications of Cognitive Psychology Docsity.com Current Trends 1. The study of the brain is big 2. Connectionism is big 3. Cognitive Science – interdisciplinary approach 4. Applications of Cognitive Psychology Testing Effect Control Study 1 Study 2 Final Test Experimental Study 1 Test Final Test Docsity.com