Dialects, 2nd Language Acquisition, Phonological Processes, Phonetics, Speech & Categorical Perception | HESP 403, Study notes of Speech-Language Pathology

Download Dialects, 2nd Language Acquisition, Phonological Processes, Phonetics, Speech & Categorical Perception | HESP 403 and more Study notes Speech-Language Pathology in PDF only on Docsity! HESP 403 Final Exam study guide Note: There are many topics on this study guide, but the amount of knowledge you are expected to have is reflected by the lectures; if you showed up and paid attention, you should not have much at all to worry about. If these topics are familiar to you and you’d be able to describe them or give an example to a stranger, you are in good shape. The exam is designed to challenge you, but not trick you. General • Be able to access knowledge from the first 2/3 of the class, including basic, predictable stuff such as: o knowledge of the vowels: their height & frontness, etc o knowledge of the consonants: POA, MOA, voicing, etc o basic anatomy & physiology • Be able to accurately, broadly transcribe connected speech from listening o This speech could include elisions, assimilations, and vowel movement.  be able to transcribe what you hear, not merely how you would say the word spoken by the instructor • Be able to recognize vowel reduction in connected speech o For many of you, this requires the most practice. Pay attention to when vowels are reduced to schwa! • Be able to accurately, narrowly transcribe speech from listening o This could include samples that have labialized, dentalized, nasalized, etc.,  study the phonetic environments in which these changes occur Dialects • What a dialect is • Why people use dialects • Examples of dialectical sound changes o mergers o shifts o chain shifts Second language acquisition / non-English phonetic features • Different vowel systems o vowel quality o vowel duration • Uses of suprasegmental features • Syllable structure constraints • Consonant acquisition o effects of interference from the native language Phonological processes • Know the different kinds of individual misarticulations o Substitution o Omission (Elision) sound à Ø o Addition (Epenthesis) o Distortion (lisp) • Be able to identify the class of sounds when directly given a list of phonemes o as on the quiz o pay attention to voicing, MOA and POA • Be able to describe the class of sounds affected in a given sample of speech output • Understanding phonological process as happening to more than one phoneme • Different categories of phonological processes o Syllable structure processes  WSD – weak syllable deletion  FCDel – final consonant deletion  FCDev – final consonant devoicing  CCR – consonant cluster reduction  Epenthesis o Substitution processes • The systematic change of a class of sounds  stopping  fronting  deaffrication  gliding  vocalization o Assimilatory processes  Place: labial, alveolar, velar  Voicing • Be able to identify these processes as on the homework and practice problems • Be able to distinguish between closely related processes (such as alveolar assimilation and fronting, or between velar assimilation and backing, or between CCR and FCD) • Be able to transcribe speech that has been affected by a phonological / articulation disorder