Different parts of speech, Summaries of Grammar and Composition

Download Different parts of speech and more Summaries Grammar and Composition in PDF only on Docsity! [Last Name] 1  Proofreading & Editing  Plagiarism Checker  Citation Tools  AI Writing  Knowledge Base  FAQ  About us  Log in                                                                                                                                                  Nederlands                                                                                                                                          English                                                                                                                                                Deutsch                                                                                                                                             Français                                                                                                                                             Italiano                                                                                                                                                Español                                                                                                                                                Svenska                                                                                                                                             Dansk                                                                                                                                                Suomi                                                                                                                                                Norwegian Bokmål                                                                                                                             [Last Name] 2 The 8 Parts of Speech | Chart, Definition & Examples A part of speech (also called a word class) is a category that describes the role a word plays in a sentence. Understanding the different parts of speech can help you analyze how words function in a sentence and improve your writing. The parts of speech are classified differently in different grammars, but most traditional grammars list eight parts of speech in English: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Some modern grammars add others, such as determiners and articles. Many words can function as different parts of speech depending on how they are used. For example, “laugh” can be a noun (e.g., “I like your laugh”) or a verb (e.g., “don’t laugh”). [Last Name] 5 Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. Pronouns typically refer back to an antecedent (a previously mentioned noun) and must demonstrate correct pronoun- antecedent agreement. Like nouns, pronouns can refer to people, places, concepts, and things. There are numerous types of pronouns, including personal pronouns (used in place of the proper name of a person), demonstrative pronouns (used to refer to specific things and indicate their relative position), and interrogative pronouns (used to introduce questions about things, people, and ownership). Examples: Pronouns in a sentenceI don’t really know her. That is a horrible painting! Who owns the nice car? Verbs A verb is a word that describes an action (e.g., “jump”), occurrence (e.g., “become”), or state of being (e.g., “exist”). Verbs indicate what the subject of a sentence is doing. Every complete sentence must contain at least one verb. Verbs can change form depending on subject (e.g., first person singular), tense (e.g., simple past), mood (e.g., interrogative), and voice (e.g., passive voice). Regular verbs are verbs whose simple past and past participle are formed by adding“-ed” to the end of the word (or “-d” if the word already ends in “e”). Irregular verbs are verbs whose simple past and past participles are formed in some other way. Examples: Regular and irregular verbs“Will you check if this book is in stock?” “I’ve already checked twice.” [Last Name] 6 “I heard that you used to sing.” “Yes! I sang in a choir for 10 years.” Other types of verbs include auxiliary verbs, linking verbs, modal verbs, and phrasal verbs. Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives can be attributive, appearing before a noun (e.g., “a red hat”), or predicative, appearing after a noun with the use of a linking verb like “to be” (e.g., “the hat is red”). Adjectives can also have a comparative function. Comparative adjectives compare two or more things. Superlative adjectives describe something as having the most or least of a specific characteristic. Examples: Adjectives in a sentenceThe dog is bigger than the cat. He is the laziest person I know Other types of adjectives include coordinate adjectives, participial adjectives, and denominal adjectives. Adverbs An adverb is a word that can modify a verb, adjective, adverb, or sentence. Adverbs are often formed by adding “-ly” to the end of an adjective (e.g., “slow” becomes “slowly”), although not all adverbs have this ending, and not all words with this ending are adverbs. [Last Name] 7 There are numerous types of adverbs, including adverbs of manner (used to describe how something occurs), adverbs of degree (used to indicate extent or degree), and adverbs of place (used to describe the location of an action or event). Examples: Adverbs in a sentenceRay acted rudely. Talia writes quite quickly. Let’s go outside! Other types of adverbs include adverbs of frequency, adverbs of purpose, focusing adverbs, and adverbial phrases. Prepositions A preposition is a word (e.g., “at”) or phrase (e.g., “on top of”) used to show the relationship between the different parts of a sentence. Prepositions can be used to indicate aspects such as time, place, and direction. Examples: Prepositions in a sentenceHasan is coming for dinner at 6 p.m. I left the cup on the kitchen counter. Carey walked to the shop. NoteA single preposition can often describe many different relationships, depending upon how it’s used. For example, “in” can indicate time (“in January”), location (“in the garage”), purpose (“in reply”), and so on. Conjunctions A conjunction is a word used to connect different parts of a sentence (e.g., words, phrases, or clauses). [Last Name] 10 Examples: Definite and indefinite articles in a sentenceI live just outside of the town. There’s a concert this weekend. Karl made an offensive gesture. NoteWhile articles are often considered their own part of speech, they are also frequently classed as a type of determiner (or, in some grammars, as a type of adjective). Interesting language articles If you want to know more about nouns, pronouns, verbs, and other parts of speech, make sure to check out some of our language articles with explanations and examples. Nouns & pronouns  Common nouns  Proper nouns  Collective nouns  Personal pronouns  Uncountable and countable nouns Verbs  Verb tenses  Phrasal verbs  Types of verbs  Active vs passive voice  Subject-verb agreement Other   Conjunctions  Interjections  Adjectives  Determiners [Last Name] 11  Prepositions Frequently asked questions Date Sweet Sweet drop What part of speech is “in”? What part of speech is “and”? Is this article helpful?  924  159 Other students also liked What Is a Collective Noun? | Examples & Definition A collective noun is a noun that refers to a group (of people, animals, things, etc.). It is normally treated as singular. 187 What Is an Adjective? | Definition, Types & Examples An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun (e.g., "small"). They can be used to describe the qualities of someone or somethin… 532 [Last Name] 12 Using Conjunctions | Definition, Rules & Examples Conjunctions can connect words, phrases and clauses. The three main types of conjunction are coordinating, subordinating and correlative. 2623 More interesting articles  Definite and Indefinite Articles | When to Use "The", "A" or "An"  Ending a Sentence with a Preposition | Examples & Tips  Using Conjunctions | Definition, Rules & Examples  What Are Prepositions? | List, Examples & How to Use  What Is a Determiner? | Definition, Types & Examples  What Is an Adjective? | Definition, Types & Examples  What Is an Adverb? Definition, Types & Examples  What Is an Interjection? | Examples, Definition & Types Scribbr  Our editors  Jobs  Partners  FAQ Our services  Plagiarism Checker  Proofreading Services  Citation Generator  AI Proofreader  Free AI Detector  Paraphrasing Tool  Grammar Checker  Free Text Summarizer  Citation Checker  Knowledge Base Contact  info@scribbr.com