Discussion and Review Questions for Evolution | BIOL 5532, Study notes of Theory of Evolution

Download Discussion and Review Questions for Evolution | BIOL 5532 and more Study notes Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity! Evolution BIOL5532 Discussion and review questions 2/20/2007 Multilocus population genetics, drift and levels of selection 1. What are the expected haplotype frequencies for two loci (A and B) each with two alleles (1 and 2) of equal frequency? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. You measure actual haplotype frequencies for these loci and find the following frequencies (A1B1 0.30, A1B2 0.20, A2B1 0.20, A2B2 0.30). To what degree to these haplotype frequencies differ from the expected values (i.e. what is D)? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. The amount of linkage disequilibrium between two loci will typically decay over time. The rate of recombination for the loci in the previous questions is 0.1. Starting with the degree of disequilibrium you calculated in question 2 what will D be after 10 generations? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What process leads to this decay of linkage disequilibrium? Explain. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What processes can maintain linkage disequilibrium between loci? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Distinguish between pleiotrophy and epistasis. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Describe how linkage disequilibrium can result in the spread of an allele with no appreciable effect on variation in fitness. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8. List those evolutionary processes or components of the evolutionary process that may accurately be described as random versus those that are decidedly non- random in nature. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9. What two factors are primarily responsible for the time it takes for an allele to drift to fixation in the population? Why are these two factors important? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10. Mathematically demonstrate that the probability of obtaining all homozygotes for allele p in a founding population varies according to population size. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a category of human dwarfism characterized by, among other conditions, polydactyly. In what human population does this condition occur most frequently and why? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 12. Demonstrate mathematically that a population with 20 males and 180 females is genetically equivalent to a population of equal sex ratio and only 72 individuals. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________