Distance = Speed Time, Schemes and Mind Maps of Acting

Download Distance = Speed Time and more Schemes and Mind Maps Acting in PDF only on Docsity! Calculating speed, time, and distance Name ______________________________ Equations: Distance Speed = Time Distance Time = Speed Distance = Speed Time Directions: Use the equation above to answer the following questions. Show your work and include the units. You are not going to be able to adhere to significant figures on EVERY problem, just do your best. 1. Julia drives her car with a constant speed of 92.0 km/h. How far can she travel in 3.25 hours? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 2. A police car drives with a constant speed of 116 km/h. How long will it take to travel a distance of 464 kilometers? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 3. An airplane flies 1980 km in 2.75 hours. What is its average speed in kilometers per hour? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 4. An airplane flies 1760 km in 2.75 hours. What is its average speed in kilometers per hour? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 5. A van moves with a constant speed of 52 km/h. How far can it travel in 2.25 hours? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 92 km/hr 3.25 hrs Distance D = T x S D = 3.25 x 92 299 km/hr 1 6. A taxi hurries with a constant speed of 96 km/h. How long will it take to travel a distance of 275km? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 7. An airplane flies with a constant speed of 840.0 km/h. How far can it travel in 1.250 hours? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 8. An airplane flies with a constant speed of 960.0 km/h. How far can it travel in 2.750 hours? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 9. An airplane flies 2200 km in 2.75 hours. What is its average speed in kilometers per hour? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 10. A train travels with a constant speed of 88.0 km/h. How far can it travel in 1.50 hours? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 11. Mike rides his bike with a constant speed of 14 km/hr. How long will he take to travel a distance of 21km? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 2 24. A bullet travels at 850 m/s. How long will it take a bullet to go 100.0 m? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 25. Lauren walks 100.0 m in 35 seconds. What must her speed have been to travel this distance? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 26. A mouse runs a distance of 2.0 meters in 15 seconds. What is its speed? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 27. Jim travelled at a speed of 18km/h for 2.0 hours. What was the distance covered? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 28. Marc was told his dinner would be ready at 6:00. He left his house at 12:00 & travelled in his car at an average speed of 45mph to his mom’s house 300.0 miles away. Did Marc make it home in time for dinner? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Yes or no? (Circle One) 29. A whale swims at a constant speed of 8.01 m/s for 17.0 s. What distance did it travel? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 5 30. If a car travels 400 m in 20 seconds how fast is it going? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 31. If you move 50 meters in 10 seconds, what is your speed? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 32. You arrive in my class 45 seconds after leaving math which is 90 meters away. How fast did you travel? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 33. A plane travels 395,000 meters in 9000 seconds. What was its speed? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 34. In a competition, an athlete threw a flying disk 139.0 meters through the air. While in flight, the disk traveled at an average speed of 13.0 m/s. How long did the disk remain in the air? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 35. It takes Serina 0.25 hours to drive to school. Her route is 16 km long. What is Serina’s average speed on her drive to school? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 6 36. A football field is about 100 m long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run its length, how fast (what speed) were they running? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 37. The pitcher’s mound in baseball is 85.0 m from the plate. It takes 4.0 seconds for a pitch to reach the plate. How fast is the pitch? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 38. If you drive at 100.0 km/hr for 6.00 hours, how far will you go? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 39. If you run at 12.0 m/s for 900.0 sec, how far will you go? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 40. Every summer I drive to Michigan. It is 3900 km to get there. If I average 100 km/hr, how much time will I spend driving? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 41. Every winter I fly home to Michigan (3900 km away). It takes 5.0 hours. What is my average speed? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 7 10 Name ______________________Calculating Speed, Time and Distance Answer Sheet ________1. A. 28.3 B. 299 C. 0.035 ________2. A. 4.0 B. 53824 C. 0. 246 ________3. A. 5440 B. 720 C. 0.0014 ________4. A. 0.0016 B. 4840 C. 640 ________5. A. 0.04 B. 23.1 C. 117 ________6. A. 0.349 B. 2.9 C. 26400 ________7. A. 672 B. 1050 C. 0.015 ________8. A. 0.0029 B. 349 C. 2640 ________9. A. 800 B. 6050 C. 0.0125 ________10. A. 132 B. 58.7 C. 0.017 ________11. A. 294 B. 1.5 C. 0.667 ________12. A. 0.67 B. 1.5 C. 216 ________13. A. 40 B. 90 C. 0.025 ________14. A. 7.0 B. 28 C. 0.036 ________15. A. 3.0 B. 0.33 C. 3072 ________16. A. 5.33 B. 0.1875 C. 192 ________17. A. 0.075 B. 13.3 C. 120 ________18. A. 0.125 B. 7200 C. 8.0 ________19. A. 0.025 B. 3240 C. 90 ________20. A. 9.4 B. 1060 C. 0.106 ________21. A. 5.0 B. 80 C. 0.2 ________22. A. 0.02 B. 432 C. 48 ________23. A. 3456 B. 96.0 C. 0.01 ________24. A. 0.118 B. 85000 C. 8.5 ________25. A. 0.35 B. 2.9 C. 3500 ________26. A. 30 B. 7.5 C. 0.133 ________27. A. 36 B. 9.0 C. 0.11 ________28. A. 6.7 B. 13500 C. 0.15 ________29. A. 136 B. 0.944 C. 1.06 11 ________30. A. 8000 B. 20 C. 0.05 ________31. A. 5.0 B. 500 C. 0.2 ________32. A. 4050 B. 2.0 C. 0.5 ________33. A. 43.9 B. 0.023 C. 3.6 x 109 ________34. A. 0.09 B. 10.7 C. 1807 ________35. A. 4.0 B. 64 C. 0.016 ________36. A. 0.2 B. 5.0 C. 2000 ________37. A. 21 B. 340 C. 0.047 ________38. A. 16.67 B. 600 C. 0.06 ________39. A. 75 B. 0.013 C. 10,800 ________40. A. 39 B. 0.00128 C. 39,000 ________41. A. 780 B. 19500 C. .00128 ________42. A. 0.006 B. 1500 C. 166.7 ________43. A. 50 B. 0.02 C. 4.5 x 1012 ________44. A. 151 B. 16.6 C. 0.0602 ________45. A. 2.2 B. 19.5 C. 0.46 ________46. A. 833 B. 30,000 C. 0.012 ________47. A. 0.23 B. 42.7 C. 153,600 ________48. A. 0.04 B. 25 C. 10,000 ________49. A. 0.04 B. 25 C. 1600 ________50. A. 875 B. 0.001 C. 504,000 12 Practice Problem Set FORCE = MASS x ACCELERATION Equations: F=m x a a=F/m m=F/a Plug in the given values for Force/Mass/Acceleration to solve. Remember, mass is in kg - - force in in N (Newtons) - - acceleration is in m/s2 1. A man hits a golf ball (0.2 kg) which accelerates at a rate of 20 m/s2. What amount of force acted on the ball? Givens 0.2 kg, 20 m/s2 Solving For Force Equation F = m x a Substitution F = 0.2 x 20 Answer with Units 4 N 2. You give a shopping cart a shove down the aisle. The cart is full of groceries and has a mass of 18.0 kg. The cart accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. How much force did you exert on the cart? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 3. The wind pushes a paper cup along the sand at a beach. The cup has a mass of 0.025 kg and accelerates at a rate of 5.0 m/s2. How much force is the wind exerting on the cup? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 4. You push a friend sitting on a swing. She has a mass of 50.0 kg and accelerates at a rate of 4.00 m/s2. Find the force you exerted. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 5. How much force would it take to push another, larger friend who has a mass of 70.0 kg to accelerate at the same rate of 4.00 m/s2? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Name __________________ 15 6. A worker drops his hammer off the roof of a house. The hammer has a mass of 9.0 kg, and gravity accelerates it at the usual 9.8 m/s2. How much force does the earth apply to the hammer? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 7. You are a linebacker trying to sack the quarterback. You accelerate towards this hapless person at a rate of 5.00 m/s2, and your mass is 100kg. Assuming that you sack him, with what force do you hit the quarterback? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 8. An object with a mass of 2.0 kg has a force of 4.0 Newtons applied to it. What is the resulting acceleration of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 9. An object with a mass of 5.0 kg has a force of 20.0 Newtons applied to it. What is the resulting acceleration of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 10. An object accelerates 3.0 m/s2 when a force of 6.0 Newtons is applied to it. What is the mass of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 16 11. An object accelerates 12.0 m/s2 when a force of 6.0 Newtons is applied to it. What is the mass of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 12. An object accelerates 5.0 m/s2 when a force of 20.0 Newtons is applied to it. What is the mass of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 13. An object with a mass of 2.0 kg accelerates 2.0 m/s2 when an unknown force is applied to it. What is the amount of the force? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 14. An object with a mass of 5.0 kg accelerates 8.0 m/s2 when an unknown force is applied to it. What is the amount of the force? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 15. An object with a mass of 1.5 kg accelerates 10.0 m/s2 when an unknown force is applied to it. What is the amount of the force? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 17 27. How much force is needed to accelerate a 44.0 kg skier at 3.00 m/sec2? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 28. What is the force on a 50.0 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.80 m/sec2? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 29. What is the acceleration of a 40.0 kg object pushed with a force of 350.0 Newtons? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 30. The mass of a large car is 1001 kg. How much force would be required to accelerate the car at a rate of 3.000 m/s2? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 31. A 50.0 kg skater pushed by a friend accelerates 5.00 m/sec2. How much force did the friend apply? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 32. A force of 350 N is applied to an object that accelerates at a rate of 6.0 m/s2. What is the mass of the object? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 20 33. A bowling ball rolled with a force of 15 N accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/sec2; a second ball rolled with the same force accelerates 4.0 m/sec2. What are the masses of the two balls? Ball #1 Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 34. Ball #2 Ball #2 Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 35. If a 60 kg person on a 15 kg sled is pushed with a force of 300.0 N, what will be person’s acceleration? You have to add the two kg together!! Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 36. A force of 20.0 N acts upon a 5.0 kg block. Calculate the acceleration of the object. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 37. An object with a mass of 30.0 kg is observed to accelerate at the rate of 4.0 m/s2. Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 38. A 5.0 kg block is pulled across a table by a horizontal force of 40 N with a frictional force of 8 N opposing the motion. Calculate the acceleration of the object. (Subtract the two N before you start) Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 21 39. An object of mass 30.0 kg is in free fall in a vacuum where there is no air resistance. It is falling freely at 9.8 m/sec2 Determine the amount of force that acted on the object. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 40. A man hits a baseball (0.60 kg) which accelerates at a rate of 35 m/s2. What amount of force acted on the ball? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 41. You give a cart a shove down the hallway. The cart is full of textbooks and has a mass of 38.0 kg. The cart accelerates at a rate of 5.0 m/s2. How much force did you exert on the cart? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 42. The wind pushes a paper cup along the sand at a beach. The cup has a mass of 0.035 kg and accelerates at a rate of 6.0 m/s2. How much force is the wind exerting on the cup? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 43. You push a large friend sitting on a swing. He has a mass of 60.0 kg and accelerates at a rate of 4.0 m/s2. Find the force you exerted. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 44. How much force would it take to push another, larger friend who has a mass of 80.0 kg to accelerate at the same rate of 4.0 m/s2? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 22 Name________________________ Answer Sheet for Calculating Force Worksheet Force Problems – choose the correct answer choice and mark it on your answer sheet. If you don’t see the correct answer, rework it to make sure you did it right! ________1. a. 0.01 N b. 4 J c. 100 J d. 4 N ________2. a. 6N b. 5.4 J c. 54 N d. .167 N ________3. a. .005 N b. 200 N c. .125 N d. 20.0 J ________4. a. 0.08 N b. 20.0 J c. 200 N d. 12.5 N ________5. a. 17.5 N b. 280 N c. 28.0 J d. 0.06 N ________6. a. 88.2 J b. 88.2 m/s2 c. 88.2 N d. 1.09 N ________7. a. 20 N b. 500 J c. 500 N d. 0.05N ________8. a. 2 m/s2 b. 0.5 m/s2 c. 8 m/s2 d. 4 m/s2 ________9. a. 4 m/s2 b. 100 m/s2 c. .25 m/s2 d. 4J ________10. a. 0.5 g b. 2 g c. 18 g d. 2 J ________11. a. 0.5 g b. 2 g c. 72 g d. 0.5 N ________12. a. 100 g b. 4 N c. 4 g d. 0.25 g ________13. a. 1N b. 4 J c. 4 N d. 1 J ________14. a. 1.6 N b. 0.625 N c. 40 N d. 40 J ________15. a. 15 N b. 15 J c. .15 N d. 6.67 N ________16. a. 0.67 N b. 24 N c. 1.5 N d. 24 J ________17. a. 0.33 m/s2 b. 3 N c. 3 m/s2 d. 27 m/s2 ________18. a. 0.44 m/s2 b. 23.36 m/s2 c. 2.28 m/s2 d. 2.28 J ________19. a. 2.45 N b. 164.82 kg c. 0.41 kg d. 2.45 kg ________20. a. 44.73 m/s2 b. 1.13 m/s2 c. 0.87 m/s2 d. 1.13 N ________21. a. 32.595 J b. 325.95 N c. 1.9 N d. 0.53 N ________22. a. 62.25 N b. 0.90 N c. 1.1 N d. 622.5 J ________23. a. 13.2 J b. 33 N c. 132 N d. 0.03 N ________24. a. 98.00 J b. 102 N c. 0.0098 N d. 9800 N ________25. a. 0.1 m/s2 b. 25000 m/s2 c. 10 m/s2 d. 10 N ________26. a. 1250 kg b. 0.2 kg c. 12.50 kg d. 50 kg 25 ________27. a. 14.7 b. 132 c. 0.68 ________28. a. 490 b. 0.196 c. 5.00 ________29. a. 14000 b. 8.75 c. 0.114 ________30. a. 0.002997 b. 3003 c. 333.7 ________31. a. 10.0 b. 250 c. 0.100 ________32. a. 2100 b. 0.017 c. 58 ________33. a. 0.20 b. 45 c. 5.0 ________34. a. 3.8 b. 0.27 c. 60 ________35. a. 0.25 b. 4.0 c. 2.3 x 104 ________36. a. 0.25 b. 100 c. 4.0 ________37. a. 120 b. 7.5 c. 0.13 ________38. a. 160 b. 0.16 c. 6.4 ________39. a. 0.327 b. 294 c. 3.06 ________40. a. 58 b. 21 c. 0.017 ________41. a. 7.6 b. 0.13 c. 190 ________42. a. 0.21 b. 170 c. 0.0058 ________43. a. 0.067 b. 15 c. 240 ________44. a. 20 b. 0.050 c. 320 ________45. a. 872 b. 9.08 c. 0.110 ________46. a. 0.20 b. 5.1 c. 16 ________47. a. 3.3 x 107 b. 1.3 x 105 c. 7.8 x 10-6 ________48. a. 0.94 b. 1.1 c. 7476 ________49. a. 802 b. 2.51 x 106 c. 0.00125 ________50. a. 2.9 b. 0.35 c. 5.1 x 105 26 Name Class Student ID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PS - Fo rc e, M as s, A cc el er at io n W or ks he et ( 25 69 ) Z ip G r a d e .c o m 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D 17 A B C D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D 21 A B C D 22 A B C D 23 A B C D 24 A B C D 25 A B C D 26 A B C D 27 A B C D 28 A B C D 29 A B C D 30 A B C D 31 A B C D 32 A B C D 33 A B C D 34 A B C D 35 A B C D 36 A B C D 37 A B C D 38 A B C D 39 A B C D 40 A B C D 41 A B C D 42 A B C D 43 A B C D 44 A B C D 45 A B C D 46 A B C D 47 A B C D 48 A B C D 49 A B C D 50 A B C D 27 4. A roller coaster is moving at 25 m/s at the bottom of a hill. 3.0 seconds later it reaches the top of the hill moving at 10 m/s. What was the acceleration of the coaster? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 5. If a Ferrari, with an initial velocity of 10.0 m/s, accelerates at a rate of 50.0 m/s2 for 3.00 seconds, what will its final velocity be? Givens Solving For Equation vf = (A * T) + vi Substitution Answer with Units 6. A rabbit changes speed as a dog chases it. The rabbit travels at a speed from 1.2 m/s to 3.4 m/s in a time of 5.0 seconds, what is the rabbit’s acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 7. A rock accelerates toward the ground at 9.8 m/s2 when dropped from the top of a bridge. If the rock is originally at rest (initial velocity = 0 m/s), and falls for 4.78 s, how fast is it going just before it hits the ground? This is the final velocity. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 8. A car traveling initially at 7.0 m/s speeds up to a velocity of 12.0 m/s in 2.0 seconds. What was the average acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 30 9. Turner’s treadmill starts with a velocity of 6.5 m/s and speeds up to 1.2 m/s in 25 minutes (1500 seconds – you have to use the seconds to do the math). What is the average acceleration of the treadmill? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 10. What is the acceleration of a sprinter if he increases his speed from 0 m/s to 12 m/s in 0.50 seconds? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 11. A car moves from a standstill (0 m/s) to 60 m/s in 10 seconds. What is the acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 12. A train is accelerating at a rate of 2.0 m/s2. If its initial velocity is 20.0 m/s, what is its velocity after 30.0 seconds? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 13. A runner achieves a velocity of 11.1 m/s, 9.0 sec after he begins (0 m/s). What is his acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 14. In 0.50 seconds, a projectile goes from 0 to 300 m/s. What is the acceleration of the projectile? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 31 15. A meteoroid changed velocity from 1.0 km/s to 1.8 km/s in 0.030 seconds. What is the acceleration of the meteoroid? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 16. The space shuttle releases a space telescope into orbit around the earth. The telescope goes from being stationary to traveling at a speed of 1700 m/s in 25 seconds. What is the acceleration of the satellite? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 17. A lizard runs from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 4.0 seconds. What is the lizard’s average acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 18. If a Ferrari, with an initial velocity of 10 m/s and a final velocity of 160 m/s and it accelerates at a rate of 50 m/s2 , how many seconds does it take for it to achieve its final velocity? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 19. A turtle has a speed of 0.50 m/s. After 6.0 seconds, it has a speed of 0.80 m/s. What is his acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 20. What is a sport’s car average acceleration if it can go from 0 m/s to 27 m/s in 6.0 sec? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 32 35 Name _____________________________ Answer sheet for Acceleration, Velocity and Time Worksheet Choose the correct answer choice and mark it on your answer sheet. IF you don’t see the correct answer, rework it to make sure you did it right! ________1. A. 1000 B. 0.10 C. 10 ________2. A. -3.75 B. 3.75 C. 1.73 ________3. A. 2.4 B. 8.0 C. -8.0 ________4. A. 5.0 B. 7.3 C. -5.0 ________5. A. 80 B. 503 C. 160 ________6. A. 0.44 B. -0.44 C. 1.3 ________7. A. 47 B. 0 C. 2.1 ________8. A. -2.5 B. 5.0 C. 2.5 ________9. A. 0.0035 B. -0.0035 C. 283 ________10. A. 24 B. -24 C. 0.042 ________11. A. -6.0 B. 0.17 C. 6.0 ________12. A. 70 B. 80 C. 602 ________13. A. -1.2 B. 0.81 C. 1.2 ________14. A. 600 B. -600 C. 0.0017 ________15. A. 1.8 B. -27 C. 27 ________16. A. 68 B. -68 C. 0.015 ________17. A. -2.0 B. 3.0 C. 2.0 ________18. A. -3.0 B. 3.0 C. 11 ________19. A. 6.9 B. 0.5 C. -0.5 ________20. A. -4.5 B. 0.22 C. 4.5 ________21. A. 9.3 B. 0.11 C. -9.3 ________22. A. 12.6 B. 82.4 C. 13.6 ________23. A. -6.3 B. 0.053 C. 4.7 ________24. A. 27 B. -27 C. 0.037 ________25. A. 50 B. 60 C. 10 ________26. A. 41.7 B. 0.3 C. -0.3 ________27. A. 5.7 B. 2.8 C. 0.20 ________28. A. 0 B. 0.39 C. 2.6 ________29. A. 1776 B. 12 C. 6 ________30. A. 2000 B. 200 C. 20 36 Name Class Student ID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PS - Ca lc ul at in g V el oc ity , A cc el er at io n an d Ti m e (5 70 5) Z ip G r a d e .c o m 1 A B C 2 A B C 3 A B C 4 A B C 5 A B C 6 A B C 7 A B C 8 A B C 9 A B C 10 A B C 11 A B C 12 A B C 13 A B C 14 A B C 15 A B C 16 A B C 17 A B C 18 A B C 19 A B C 20 A B C 21 A B C 22 A B C 23 A B C 24 A B C 25 A B C 26 A B C 27 A B C 28 A B C 29 A B C 30 A B C 37 Net Force Worksheet The force that results from all the combined forces acting on the object is called the net force. Calculate the net force acting on the box in the following problems. Be sure to include the direction of the net force (left or right)! 1. 4 N 2. 7N 2 N Net Force Net Force: 5 N to the left Because 7-2 is 5 and it would move left 3. 4N 4N 4. 6N 3N Net Force Net Force 5. 8N 4N 6. 4N 5N Net Force Net Force 7. 3N 3N 8. 2N 4N 5N Net Force Net Force 9. 6N 3N 10. 7N 4N 4N Net Force Net Force 40 Name: Period: Date: CALCULATING WEIGHT WORKSHEET (Newton’s 2nd Law) Strength of gravity (g) on the surface, in Newtons per Kilogram (N/kg) Mercury Venus Moon Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto 3.8 8.8 1.6 3.7 23.1 9.0 8.7 11.0 0.6 Use the formula weight = mass x g to answer the questions below. Calculate weight (force due to gravity) in the following problems by using the equation: weight = mass x free-fall acceleration w = m * g g (on Earth) = 9.81 m/s2 1. A physical science text book has a mass of 2.2 kg What is the weight on the Earth? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 2. What is the weight of the textbook in question #1 on Mars (g = 3.7 m/s2) Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 3. If the textbook in #1 weighs 19.6 newtons on Venus, what is the strength of gravity on Venus? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 4. Of all the planets in our solar system, Jupiter has the greatest gravitational strength. If a 0.5 kg pair of running shoes would weigh 11.55 newtons on Jupiter, what is the strength of gravity there? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 41 Name: Period: Date: 5. If the pair of shoes in #4 weighs 0.3 newtons on Pluto, what is the strength of gravity on Pluto? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 6. What does the pair of shoes in #4 weigh on Earth? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 7. How much would a 25 kg suitcase weigh on the surface of Mercury? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 8. How much would a 25 kg suitcase weigh on the surface of Venus? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 9. How much would a 25 kg suitcase weigh on the surface of Jupiter? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 10. How much would a 25 kg suitcase weigh on the surface of Uranus? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 42 Name Class Student ID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ca lc ul at in g W ei gh t W or ks he et ( 84 97 ) Z ip G r a d e .c o m 1 A B C 2 A B C 3 A B C 4 A B C 5 A B C 6 A B C 7 A B C 8 A B C 9 A B C 10 A B C 11 A B C 12 A B C 13 A B C 14 A B C 15 A B C 16 A B C 45 46 Name:____________________________________Block: :___ Date:_______________ MS- Momentum Practice Problems Which is more difficult to stop: A tractor-trailer truck barreling down the highway at 35 meters per second, or a small two-seater sports car traveling the same speed? You probably guessed that it takes more force to stop a large truck than a small car. In physics terms, we say that the truck has greater momentum. We can find momentum using this equation: momentum = mass of object × velocity of object Velocity is a term that refers to both speed and direction. For our purposes we will assume that the vehicles are traveling in a straight line. In that case, velocity and speed are the same. The equation for momentum is abbreviated like this: p=m×v Momentum, symbolized with a p, is expressed in units of kg·m/sec; m is the mass of the object, in kilograms; and v is the velocity of the object in m/sec. Make sure to use the correct unit in your final answer in all of your answers. Use your knowledge about solving equations to work out the following problems. Be sure to show all your work with units: 1. If the truck has a mass of 2,000 kilograms, what is its momentum? (v = 35 m/s) Equation Substitution Answer with Units 2. If the car has a mass of 1,000 kilograms, what is its momentum? (v = 35 m/s) Equation Substitution Answer with Units 3. An 8-kilogram bowling ball is rolling in a straight line toward you. If its momentum is 16 kg·m/sec, what is its velocity? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 4. A beach ball is rolling in a straight line toward you at a speed of 0.5 m/sec. Its momentum is 0.25 kg·m/sec. What is the mass of the beach ball? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 47 19. How much momentum does a 70 kg person sprinting at 8 m/s have? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 20. What is the velocity of a 5.5 kg object that has a momentum of 550 kg·m/s? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 21. What is Object A’s momentum if m = 2 kg, v = 125 m/s Equation Substitution Answer with Units 22. What is Object B’s momentum if: m = 10 kg, v = 12 m/s Equation Substitution Answer with Units 23. What is Object C’s momentum if: m = 0.5 kg, v = 985 m/s Equation Substitution Answer with Units 24. What is Object D’s momentum if: m = 100 kg, v = 2 m/s Equation Substitution Answer with Units 25. How much momentum does a 22 kg mass moving at 23 m/s have? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 26. Calculate the momentum of a 1200kg car with a velocity of 25m/s. Equation Substitution Answer with Units 50 27. Calculate the momentum of a 50 kg dolphin swimming at 16.4 m/s Equation Substitution Answer with Units 28. Calculate the momentum of a 4100 kg elephant walking 0.20 m/s. Equation Substitution Answer with Units 29. What is the momentum of a child and wagon if the total mass of the child and wagon is 22kg and the velocity is 1.5m/s? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 30. The parking brake on a 1200kg automobile has broken, and the vehicle has reached a momentum of 7800kg•m/s. What is the velocity of the vehicle? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 31. A toy dart gun generates a dart with 140kg.m/s momentum and a velocity of 4m/s. What is the mass of the dart? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 32. A bowling ball of 35.2kg, generates 218 kg•m/s units of momentum. What is the velocity of the bowling ball? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 33. A school bus traveling at 11.1m/s has a momentum of 152625 kg•m/s. What is the mass of the bus? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 51 34. A deer with a mass of 146 kg is running head on toward you with a speed of 17 m/s. Find the momentum of the deer. Equation Substitution Answer with Units 35. Calculate the momentum of a 1.60 x 103 kg car traveling at 20.0 m/s. Equation Substitution Answer with Units 36. How fast is a 1.50 kg ball moving if it has a momentum of 4.50 kg.m/s? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 37. A 75.0 g ball is rolling at a speed of 57.0 m/s. Calculate the ball’s momentum Equation Substitution Answer with Units 38. A supersonic bomber, with a mass of 21,000 kg, departs from its home airbase with a velocity of 400 m/s due east. What is the jet's momentum? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 39. Now, let's assume the jet drops its payload and has burned up most of its fuel as it continues its journey to its destination air field. If the jet's new mass is 16,000 kg, and due to its reduced weight the pilot increases the cruising speed to 550 m/s, what is the jet's new momentum? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 40. A 60 kg halfback is moving at 9 m/s. What is their momentum? Equation Substitution Answer with Units 52 Name _______________________________ Answer Sheet for Momentum ____1. A. 57.14 B. 70,000 C. 0.175 ____2. A. 35,000 B. 28.57 C. 0.35 ____3. A. 128 B. 0.5 C. 2 ____4. A. 0.5 B. 0.125 C. 2 ____5. A. .0025 B. 400 C. 40,000 ____6. A. 28.6 B. 0.286 C. 3.5 ____7. A. 1.6 B. 0.25 C. 4 ____8. A. 4 B. 1.6 C. 40 ____9. A. 1225 B. 490000 C. 8.2 x 10-4 ____10. A. 4.2 B. 0.00467 C. 2.1 ____11. A. 0.067 B. 15 C. 0.294 ____12. A. 0.67 B. 0.06 C. 150 ____13. A. 3 B. 48 C. 0.0208 ____14. A. .043 B. 537.6 C. 23.3 ____15. A. 1.4 B. 5.6 C. 1.4 ____16. A. 0.667 B. 15 C. 0.15 ____17. A. 0.086 B. 2.07x1018 C. 0.11.6 ____18. A. 0.003 B. 329.67 C. 2964 ____19. A. 8.75 B. 560 C. 0.114 ____20. A. 0.1 B. 100 C. 3023 ____21. A. 250 B. 0.016 C. 62.5 ____22. A. 0.83 B. 1.2 C. 120 ____23. A. 1970 B. 492.5 C. 5.08x10-4 ____24. A. 0.2 B. 50 C. 200 ____25. A. 506 B. 1.05 C. 0.96 ____26. A. 0.02 B. 48 C. 30,000 ____27. A. 3.28 B. 820 C. 0.305 ____28. A. 20,500 B. 820 C. 4.88x10-5 ____29. A. 33 B. 14.67 C. 0.068 ____30. A. 0.154 B. 9360000 C. 6.5 ____31. A. 560 B. 35 C. 0.029 ____32. A. 7673.6 B. 0.16 C. 6.2 ____33. A. 13,750 B. 7.27x10-5 C. 1694137.5 ____34. A. 0.116 B. 2482 C. 8.59 ____35. A. 0.0125 B. 80 C. 32,000 ____36. A. 3 B. 6.75 C. 0.33 ____37. A. 1.32 B. 4275 C. 0.76 ____38. A. 52.5 B. 0.019 C. 8,400,000 ____39. A. 8,800,000 B. 29.09 C. 0.034 ____40. A. 0.15 B. 6.67 C. 540 ____41. A. 50 B. 0.02 C. 20,000 ____42. A. 600 B. 6 C. 0.167 ____43. A. 4,000 B. 160 C. 0.00625 ____44. A. 1000 B. 100,000,000 C. 4,000,000 ____45. A. 24,000,000 B. 266.67 C. 0.00375 ____46. A. 33.33 B. 200,000,000 C. 6.03 ____47. A. 5 B. 20 C. 0.05 ____48. A. 0.015 B. 4,160 C. 65 ____49. A. 0.9 B. 3.6 C. 1.1 ____50. A. 24,000 B. 5,400,000 C. 4.167x10-5 ____51. A. 0.004167 B0.6 C. 240 ____52. A. 112.5 B. 2592 C. 0.0089 ____53. A. 7.15x10-4 B. 1,144,000 C. 1,398.6 ____54. A. 20 B. 0.05 C. 30,012,500 55 56 Name Quiz Class Student ID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M om en tu m P ra ct ic e Pr ob le m s (6 40 9) Z ip G r a d e .c o m 1 A B C 2 A B C 3 A B C 4 A B C 5 A B C 6 A B C 7 A B C 8 A B C 9 A B C 10 A B C 11 A B C 12 A B C 13 A B C 14 A B C 15 A B C 16 A B C 17 A B C 18 A B C 19 A B C 20 A B C 21 A B C 22 A B C 23 A B C 24 A B C 25 A B C 26 A B C 27 A B C 28 A B C 29 A B C 30 A B C 31 A B C 32 A B C 33 A B C 34 A B C 35 A B C 36 A B C 37 A B C 38 A B C 39 A B C 40 A B C 41 A B C 42 A B C 43 A B C 44 A B C 45 A B C 46 A B C 47 A B C 48 A B C 49 A B C 50 A B C 51 A B C 52 A B C 53 A B C 54 A B C 57 60 N am e __ ____ __ ____ __ ___ __ ____ __ ____ __ ___ __ _____ D ate __ __ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ B lo ck __ __ __ __ Test # __ __ __ __ (Fill th is in !!) T y p e (P refix , R o o t o r S u ffix ) ro o t o r a ffix m ea n in g ex a m p les 61 62 17. A lizard travels from 2 m/s to 10 m/s in 4 seconds. What is the lizard’s average acceleration? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 18. If a Ferrari, with an initial velocity of 10 m/s, accelerates at a rate of 50 m/s2 for 3 seconds, what will its final velocity be? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 19. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing down or deceleration.) Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 20. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed of 18 m/s? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Force, Mass, Acceleration 21. A man hits a golf ball (0.2 kg) which accelerates at a rate of 20 m/s2. What amount of force acted on the ball? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 65 22. You give a shopping cart a shove down the isle. The cart is full of groceries and has a mass of 18kg. The cart accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s2. How much force did you exert on the cart? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 23. The wind pushes a paper cup along the sand at a beach. The cup has a mass of 0.025 kg and accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s2. How much force is the wind exerting on the cup? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 24. An unbalanced 16 N force is applied to a 2.0 kg mass. What is the acceleration of the mass? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 25. A shot-putter exerts an unbalanced force of 140 N on a shot giving it an acceleration of 19 m/s2. What is the mass of the shot? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 26. An object moving with a constant velocity has an unbalanced force applied to it. If the unbalanced force is 20.0 N and the mass of the object is 3.75 kg, what is the acceleration of the object while this force is acting? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 66 27. A racing car undergoes a uniform acceleration of 8.00 m/s2. If the unbalanced force causing the acceleration is 6,000 N, what is the mass of the racing car? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 28. How much force is needed to keep a 20 N stone from falling? Your acceleration is gravity – 9.81 m/s2 Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Momentum, velocity, Mass 29. What is the momentum of a 70 kg runner traveling at 10 m/s? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 30. What is the momentum of a 47 gram tennis ball that is traveling at 40 m/s? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 31. Calculate the momentum of a football who has a mass of .5 kg traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 32. How fast is a 1.50 kg ball moving if it has a momentum of 4.50 kg.m/s? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 67 70 Work, Power and Machines Work and Power • Objectives: • 1. Describe the conditions that must exist for a force to do work on an object • 2. Calculate the work done on an object • 3. Describe and calculate power • 4. Compare units of watts and horsepower as they relate to power Work and Power • Work – done when a force acts on an object in the direction the object moves – Requires Motion • Man is not actually doing work when holding barbell above his head • Force is applied to barbell • If no movement, no work done Work and Power Work Depends on Direction • All of the force does work on the suitcase. • The horizontal part of the force does work. • The force does no work on the suitcase. Conditions for Work • Def: work is the product of force times distance • For a force to do work on an object, some of the force must act in the same direction as the object moves • If the object does not move, no work is done • Work depends on direction • Any part of a force that does not act in the direction of motion does no work on the object Calculating Work • Work = Force x Distance • The units for force are Newtons, N • Recall from chapter 12 that 1 N = 1 kg*m/s2 • The unit for distance is the meter, m • The unit for force is 1 N*m or 1 kg*m2/s2 which equals one joule, abbreviated J • Work = Force x Distance – W = Fd • Force = mass x acceleration → F = ma or F = mg – Joule (J) = SI unit for work • Unit: J = N(m) • Named after James Prescott Joule (1818 – 1889) – Research work and heat 71 Calculate Power • Def: power is the rate of doing work • Doing work at a faster rate requires more power • To increase power, increase the amount of work done in a given time OR do a given amount of work in less time • Power = Work/Time • The unit of work is joules (J) • The unit of time is seconds (s) • J/s = watts (W) & the unit of power is watts What is Power? • Rate of doing work • More power = work at a faster rate – Size of engine often indicates power • Can work at a faster rate • Power = Work/Time – P= W/t – Watt (W) = SI unit for Power • Units: W = J/s James Watt and Horsepower • Horsepower (hp) = another unit for power – Equals ~746 watts – Defined by James Watt (1736- 1819) • Trying to describe power outputs of steam engines – Horses were most common used source of power in 1700s – Watt did not want to exaggerate the power of steam engines The horse-drawn plow and the gasoline-powered engine are both capable of doing work at a rate of four horsepower. 72 Def: efficiency of a machine is the percentage of work input that becomes work output • Efficiency is always less than 100% since friction is always present • Efficiency = work output/work input x 100% Why do We need Mechanical Advantage ● It gives us which simple machine and/ or Compound Machine works better for certain jobs ● Like a pulley would require less energy than a lever to lift something heavy high off the ground Simple Machines Objectives: 1. Describe the six types of simple machines 2. Explain what determines the mechanical advantage of the six types of simple machines Six Types of Simple Machines & MA • The six types of simple machines are the lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw and pulley ● Lever- a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other. ● Fulcrum-the point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots. ● input arm-distance between fulcrum and input force ● output arm-distance between output force and fulcrum Def: the output arm is the distance between the output force and the fulcrum • For a lever: MA = input arm/output arm • There are 3 classes of levers: first, second and third class • For first class levers the fulcrum is located between the input force and the output force • MA for first class levers is =, < or > 1 • Examples: seesaws, scissors, tongs, screwdriver • For second class levers, the output force is located between the input force and fulcrum • MA is always >1 for second class levers • Example: wheelbarrow • For third class levers, the input force is located between the fulcrum and output force • MA is always <1 for third class levers • Examples: baseball bats, hockey sticks, golf clubs & brooms Def: a wheel and axle consists of 2 disks or cylinders, each one with a different radius • Example: steering wheel • To calculate MA for wheel and axle, divide the radius (or diameter) where the input force is exerted by the radius (or diameter) where the output force is exerted Def: an inclined plane is a slanted surface along which a surface moves an object to a different elevation 75 • Example: ramp in front of buildings • The ideal MA for an inclined plane is the distance along the plane divided by its height Key Vocabulary Chapter 14 Def: wheel and axle- a simple lifting machine consisting of a rope that unwinds from a wheel onto a cylindrical drum or shaft joined to the wheel to provide mechanical advantage. Def: inclined plane-a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. Def: wedge-a piece of wood, metal, or some other material having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them. Def: a wedge is V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other • Example: flat head screwdriver • A thin wedge of given length has a greater ideal MA than a thick wedge of the same length Def: a screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder • Screws with threads closer together have a greater ideal MA Def: a pulley consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel • The MA of a pulley or pulley system is equal to the number of rope sections supporting the load being lifted Def: a fixed pulley is a wheel attached in a fixed location • The ideal MA of a fixed pulley is always 1 Def: a movable pulley us attached to the object being moved • The ideal MA of a movable pulley is 2 Def: a pulley system is a combination of fixed and movable pulleys that operate together • MA depends on pulley arrangement Def: a compound machine is a combination of two or more simple machines that operate together • Examples: cars, washing machines, clocks Simple Machines ● lever ● Fulcrum ● Wheel and Axle ● wedge 76 Simple Machines ● pulley ● inclined plane What is a Compound Machine ● Dictionary Definition- Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier. ● These are things such as Cars, Planes, Electrical circuits, etc. ● While the Atom is the basic building block of life with out simple machines man would have never achieved... o Space Travel o Civilization o Cars/Easier ways of land bound travel o Flight o Or Even long lives What can happen when simple machines come together One good example of a compound machines is the Catapult because its the first real compound machine aside from boats with sails. 77 • Work depends on direction • Any part of a __________ that does not act in the direction of motion does no work on the object Calculating Work • __________ = __________ x __________ • The units for __________ are _____________, N • Recall from chapter 12 that 1 N = 1 kg*m/s2 • The unit for distance is the __________,m • The unit for __________ is 1 N*m or 1 kg*m2/s2 which equals one __________, abbreviated J • Work = __________ x __________ – W = Fd • __________ = mass x acceleration → F = ma or F = mg – __________ (J) = SI unit for work • Unit: J = N(m) • Named after __________ __________ __________ (1818 – 1889) – Research work and heat Work out this example Example: If a model airplane exerts 0.25 N over a distance of 10m, how much will the plane expend? Work = F x d Calculate Power • Def: power is the rate of doing __________ • Doing __________ at a faster rate requires more power • To increase __________, increase the amount of __________done in a given time OR do a given amount of work in less time • __________ = __________/ __________ • The unit of work is__________ (J) • The unit of time is__________ (s) • J/s = __________ (W) & the unit of power is __________ What is Power? 80 • Rate of doing __________ • More __________ = __________at a faster rate – Size of __________ often indicates __________ • Can work at a faster rate • __________ = __________/__________ – P= W/t – __________W) = SI unit for __________ • Units: W = J/s James Watt and Horsepower 14.1 • ___________________ (hp) = another unit for __________ – Equals ~__________ watts – Defined by __________ __________ (1736- 1819) • Trying to describe power outputs of __________ __________ – __________were most common used source of power in 1700s – Watt did not want to exaggerate the power of __________ __________ The __________-__________ plow and the __________ -__________ engine are both capable of doing work at a rate of __________ horsepower. 1. In which of the following cases is work being done on an object? a) pushing against a locked door c) suspending a heavy weight with a strong chain b) pulling a trailer up a hill d) carrying a box down a corridor 2. A tractor exerts a force of 20,000 newtons to move a trailer 8 meters. How much work was done on the trailer? a. 4,000 J b. 2,500 J c. 20,000 J d. 160,000 J 3. A car exerts a force of 500 newtons to pull a boat 100 meters in 10 seconds. How much power does the car use? a. 5000 W b. 6000 W c. 50 W d. 1000 W Work and Machines 81 • Objectives: • 1. Describe what a machine is and how it makes work easier to do • 2. Relate work input of a machine to work output of the machine What a Machine is & How it Makes Work Easier • Def: a __________ is a device that changes a __________ • Machines make __________ __________to do • Machines change the size of a __________needed, the direction of the __________, or the distance over which a force __________ • Some machines increase __________ over which to exert a __________, decreasing the amount of __________ needed • Some machines exert a __________ force over a __________distance • Some machines change the __________ of the applied __________ Work Input and Work Output • Because of __________, the work done ____ a machine is always __________than the work done _____ a machine • Def: work input is __________ done by the input force acting through input distance • Def: work output is __________ exerted by a machine • Def: output distance is the distance of the output force Machines Do Work • __________ – device that change force – __________ __________ • You apply force → jack changes force applies much stronger force to lift car • Jack increase force you __________ – Make work __________ – Change size of __________ needed, direction of force, and distance over which force __________ • Increasing __________ • Small force exerted over a large distance = __________ force over __________ distance • Like picking books up one at a time to move them --- trade off = more distance but less force • Increasing _____________ •Decreases distance for force ___________ and increases amount of force _____________ •Tradeoff = increased _____________ = greater force __________ •Changing Direction Work Input and Work Output 82 • To calculate MA for wheel and axle, divide the ____________ (or diameter) where the input force is exerted by the____________ (or diameter) where the output force is ____________ • Def: an____________plane is a ____________ ____________along which a surface moves an object to a ____________ ____________ • Example: _____________________________________________________________ • The ideal MA for an inclined plane is the ____________along the plane ____________ by its ____________ Key Vocabulary Chapter 14 Def: ____________ & ____________ -a simple lifting machine consisting of a rope that unwinds from a wheel onto a cylindrical drum or shaft joined to the wheel to provide mechanical advantage. Def: ____________ ____________-a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. Def: ____________-a piece of wood, metal, or some other material having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them. Def: a ____________ is _____-shaped object whose sides are____________inclined planes ____________ toward each other • Example: ________________________________ • A ____________ wedge of given length has a ____________ ____________ MA than a thick wedge of the same length Def: a ____________is an ____________ plane wrapped around a ____________ • Screws with ____________ closer together have a ____________ ideal MA Def: a ____________ consists of a ____________ that fits into a ____________ in a ____________ • The MA of a pulley or pulley system is equal to the number of ____________ ____________ supporting the ____________being lifted Def: a fixed____________is a wheel attached in a____________location • The ideal MA of a fixed pulley is always_____ Def: a ____________ pulley us attached to the object being ____________ • The ideal MA of a movable pulley is ____ Def: a ____________ ____________is a combination of fixed and movable ____________ that operate ____________ • MA depends on ____________ ____________________ Def: a ____________ ____________ is a combination of two or more____________ machines that operate together • Examples: ________________________________________________ Simple Machines ● lever ● Fulcrum ● Wheel and Axle ● Wedge Simple Machines 85 ● pulley ● inclined plane What is a Compound Machine ● Dictionary Definition- Two or more ____________ ____________working ____________ to make work ____________ ● These are things such as ________________________________________________ ● While the Atom is the basic building block of life without ____________ machines man would have never achieved... o ____________ ____________ o ____________ o Cars/Easier ways of land bound travel o ____________ o Or Even long lives What can happen when simple machines come together….. One good example of a compound machines is the ________________________because it’s the first real compound machine aside from boats with sails. If you think you could make a catapult, do so. Then video it and send it to me! 86 T est # Typ e (P refix, R o o t o r Su ffix) R o o t o r A ffix M ea n in g E x a m p le 14 ro o t m u t ch an ge, exch an gee m u tate 14 p refix n an o sm all n an o p articles 14 ro o t n au s, n au sh ip , sailo r n au tical, astro n au t 14 ro o t n ecro d ead n ecro 14 p refix n eg n o n egate 14 p refix n eo n ew , recen t, cu rren t, yo u n g n eo lith , n eo co n servative 14 ro o t n eu r n erve n eu ro lo gy, n eu ro n 14 ro o t n o m , n o via, n o m en n am e n o b le, ign om in y, n o m en clatu re 14 p refix n o n n o th in g, n o t n o n flam m ab le 14 ro o t n o rm ru le, p attern n o rm ative, p aran o rm al 14 ro o t n o x, n o c n igh t n o ctu rn al 14 ro o t n u l, n ih il, n il n o th in g, vo id n ih ilism , an n u l 14 ro o t o cu , o p t eye o cu lar, o p tical 14 ro o t o lig few o ligarch y, o ligo p o ly 14 su ffix o lo gy b ran ch o f learn in g b io lo gy 14 p refix o m n i all, every o m n iscien t 14 ro o t o rth o straigh t, co rrect o rth o d o x, o rth o d o n tist, o rth o p ed ic, 14 su ffix o ry p lace fo r in tro d u cto ry 14 ro o t o steo b o n e o steo p o ro sis, o steo arth ritis 14 ro o t o xy sh arp , acid o xygen , h yd ro xid e, o xidize 87 90 How Many Horses? It was the late 1800’s, and engineer James Watt was stumped. He’d just figured out a way to make steam engines operate much more efficiently. He wanted to start manufacturing and selling his new invention. But how could he describe how powerful these amazing engines were? Watt’s answer? Compare the power of the steam engine with something that people were very familiar with: the power of a horse. In Watt’s day, ponies (small horses) were used to pull ropes attached to platforms that lifted coal to the surface of the earth from the mine below. Watt measured how much these loads weighed (force). Then he determined how far the ponies could raise them (distance) in one minute (time). Using these measurements, he calculated how much work a pony could do in a minute – he calculated the power of a pony – ponypower! At that time, the unit of work used by British scientists was the foot-pound (ft-lb). On the basis of his observations and calculations, Watt found that a pony could do 22,000 ft-lb of work a minute. Because he figured that the average horse was as powerful as 1.5 ponies, he multiplied the power of one pony (22,000 ft-lb of work per minute) by 1.5 and called it 1 horsepower (hp). In other words, 1 hp is equal to 33,000 ft-lb of work per minute, or 550 ft-lb of work per second. This means that an average horse can lift a 550-lb load a distance of 1 foot in 1 second. Horsepower can be translated into watts (W): 1 hp equals 746 W. A 350-hp engine, therefore, has the same power as a 261,100-W engine. But when numbers get as big as this, you can see that watts aren’t a convenient way of expressing the power of engines. So, the term “horsepower” stuck around. Using the word “horsepower” also probably makes drivers feel closer to the old days – when people were pioneers and mustangs were horses!! 91 Name ______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period _________ 1. Why do you think James Watt used a horse as a measure of a unit of power? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did Watt decide the value of 1 horsepower? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is “horsepower” still a useful unit of power? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How many Watts make up 1 hp? ______________________________________________ 5. How long did it take a horse to lift 550 lb a distance of 1 ft, according to Watt? ___________ 6. Calculate the following common horsepower ratings to watts Machine Horsepower rating (average for category) Convert to Watts by multiplying by 746 Electric toothbrush .08 HP Low-capacity clothes dryer .33 HP Household Blender .5 HP Vacuum cleaner 1.25 HP Moped 2 HP Lawn mower 4.5 HP Gasoline generator 10 HP BMW police motorcycle 95 HP Ford Escort 110 HP Yamaha Jet Ski 155 HP Coral Viper Ski Boat 250 HP Ferrari 355 F1 375 HP Dodge Viper 450 HP MAN Yacht Engine 1,050 HP Battleship Missouri 212,000 HP 92 8. How much time is needed to produce 720 Joules of work if 90 watts of power is used? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 9. If 68 W of power is produced in 18 seconds, how much work is done? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 10. A set of pulleys lifts an 800 N crate 4 meters in 7 seconds. How much work was there? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 11. What power was used? – Using the work you calculated above. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 12. Superman moves a car 2700 N on a track of 500 m. If the car takes 32 seconds to move the entire distance, how much work is needed? W= F * d Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 13. how much (super)power is exerted by Superman? – Using the work you calculated above. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 95 14. Superman is unhappy with his time in the above problem, so he attempts to lift the same car. This time, it takes 18.1 seconds. How much does his power increase? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 15. Mrs. VerHeecke can bench press 150 kg from 0.7 m from the ground to 1.5 m above the ground. How much weight (not mass) did Mrs. VerHeecke lift? This is the W = mass * gravity (gravity is 9.8) Givens Solving For Equation W = m * g Substitution Answer with Units 16. How much work was needed? – Using the weight (which is a force) you calculated above (subtract 1.5-0.7) Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 17. How much power did she use if she lifts the weights in 10s? – Using the work you calculated above. Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 18. Marc is completing a task that requires 400 J. His power is 40 W. How long will it take Marc to complete the task? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 19. A small motor does 4000 J of work in 20 seconds, what is the power of the motor in Watts? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 96 20. How much power does a crane develop, doing 60000 J of work in 5 minutes? Change min to seconds! 5 minutes X 60 seconds = ___________ seconds 1 1 minute Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 21. How long does it take a 2000W electric motor to do 75000 J of work? Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 22. How much work can a 500 W electric mixer do in 2.5 minutes? Minutes has to be changed to seconds! _________ X 60 seconds = ___________ seconds 1 1 minute 23. How much work does a 100 W motor perform in 5 minutes? Minutes has to be changed to seconds! _________ X 60 seconds = ___________ seconds 1 1 minute 24. How long does it take a 19,000 W steam engine to do 68000000 J of work Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units Givens Solving For Equation Substitution Answer with Units 97