Distillation Lab Report, Lab Reports of Organic Chemistry

Download Distillation Lab Report and more Lab Reports Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Title: Distillation of Methylene Chloride and Toluene by Tarika Arjune Experiment performed: September 23rd, 2021 Report Due: October 14th, 2021 Abstract: We performed a distillation on a mixture of Methylene Chloride and Toluene in order to separate and purify the two liquids. We separated the liquids by using their boiling points where Methylene Chloride has a boiling point of 39.6 degrees Celsius while Toluene has a boiling point of 111 degrees Celsius. The solution was boiled until the Methylene Chloride passed its boiling point and vaporized then the vapor cooled and condensed into droplets which separated the two liquids thus purifying them. At the end of the experiment, we were able to collect 20 mL of distillate and successfully purify the two liquids by using their boiling points. Objective: The purpose of this lab was to observe the separation of two liquids by boiling, vaporizing, and condensing to purify a mixture. Introduction: Distillation is a common method used for purifying liquids by using their boiling points. Simple distillation is used to purify a liquid mixture by separating one liquid from another liquid that has a different boiling point. Simple distillation involves the boiling of the mixture until it turns into vapors that travel to be cooled and condensed into droplets which are collected into a collection flask. A pure liquid has one constant boiling point so a change in boiling point indicates impurity. However, this is not always the case as if there are two liquids with similar structures then the boiling point could be the same and the boiling point of the mixture would be close to that temperature. The closer the boiling points of the components of the mixtures then the more difficult it is to separate them. Toluene and Methylene Chloride have boiling points that are far apart and so that makes it easier to separate. Toluene has a boiling point of 111 degrees Celsius and Methylene Chloride has a boiling point of 36.9 degrees Celsius which means that the Methylene Chloride will boil and vaporizes before Toluene reaches its boiling point. The Methylene Chloride will separate from the Toluene and be condensed into droplets that are collected in a graduated cylinder. Distillation of the Methylene Chloride and Toluene separates the two liquids based on their boiling point by vaporizing the Methylene Chloride which has the lower boiling point then condensing it and this allows the liquids to be purified. Reactions/Schemes/Mechanisms: No Reactions- N/A *The mixture boils until it vaporizes and then condenses back into liquid drops. Materials: A Simple Distillation Apparatus: use to separate the liquids based on boiling, vaporization and condensation 60 mL of 50:50 mixture Toluene: Methylene Chloride: mixture that is used to separate based on boiling point 100 mL graduated cylinder: used to collect the distillate 100 mL round-bottom flask: used to hold the 60mL mixture of Toluene: Methylene Chloride 2 Dry Boiling Chips: used to help the mixture during boiling 2. Collected 60 mL mixture of Toluene: Methylene Chloride (1:1 mixture) 30 mL Toluene 30 mL Methylene Chloride Collected 60 mL into 100 mL round-bottom flask and added 2 boiling chips The solution was already mixed, and we used a graduated cylinder to carefully measure 60mL which was poured into the flask along with two boiling chips. There was no reaction that occurred. 3. Placed the 100 ml graduated cylinder under the adapter to collect the distillate and placed the 100 mL round- bottom flask mixture on the hot plate 4. Turned on the water flow and the hot plate to the setting of 7 5. When it began to boil, we recorded the volume and temperature for regular intervals of 1 minute Until 20mL-25mL of distillate is collected The solution began to boil, the temperature shot up from 25 C to 50C and continued to increase until it reached 60 C. The solution boiled until the vapor traveled and was cooled by the water and then condensed into drops. 6. Turned off the heating plate and when the solution stopped boiling then we turned off the water flow The solution continued to boil for a little while after I took off the heat and I waited until the solution stopped boiling until I disposed of it. 7. Cleaned the glassware and disposed of liquids *Table available in results and discussion section Flow Chart: Assembled the Simple Distillation Apparatus Collected 30mL Toluene: 30mL Methylene Chloride mixture in a round bottom flask with 2 boiling chips Precautions & Waste Disposal: We will always wear our lab coats and goggles during the lab as well as wear gloves. At the end of the lab, we will discard the liquids into the waste container and clean the glassware with water first then methanol to make sure there are no leftover substances. We will wipe down all surfaces, unplug the hot plate, turn off any water flow, and wash our hands. We will return all equipment to their rightful place as well as the parts of the apparatus and round-bottom flask to the locker drawer. Be mindful of benzoic acid as well as methanol as these compounds cause Placed the mixture in the round bottom flask on the hot plate and a 100 mL cylinder under the adapter Collected the distillate Turned on water flow and hot plate Recorded the volume and temperature each minute until you collect 20 mL of distillate Turned off heat and when liquid was done boiling then turned off the water flow skin and eye irritation. Never leave flames unattended and report any broken equipment to the lab professor. Results & Discussion: Photos taken in the lab attached above Volume of Distillate (mL) Temperature (Celsius) 0 25 5 50 10 51 15 57