Does Matter Really Matter?, Summaries of Chemistry

Download Does Matter Really Matter? and more Summaries Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! 8th Grade Science Summer Activity Week 1 Does Matter Really Matter? Parent Information Everything in our universe is made of matter. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume). The smallest unit of matter is the atom, which is constructed of three sub-atomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, a mass of 1 atomic unit and are located in the nucleus (center) of the atom. Neutrons have the same location and mass as protons but their charge is neutral. Electrons are located in the space around the nucleus. Their charge is negative and their mass is nearly zero. The number of protons in the nucleus is also called the atomic number, and identifies the chemical element. Mass number refers to the mass of the atom, (measured in atomic units) and is calculated by adding the number of protons to the number of neutrons. The atoms represented on the periodic table have a charge of zero, because the number of negative electrons is balanced by the number of positive protons. If electrons are added, the total atomic charge becomes negative. If electrons are removed, the total charge becomes positive. Atoms with a positive or negative charge are called ions. Benchmark SC.912.P.8.4 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom. Objective Student will be able to describe the structure of the atom including the location, mass and electrical charge of protons, neutrons and electrons. Duration 1-2 hours Materials 1. Craft Materials: 2. Glue, Scissors, labels, markers, crayons 3. Round balls of various sizes (to represent the three particles) 4. Poster board Procedures 1. Use the diagrams and information in this lesson to construct your own model of an atom. 2. Be sure your model includes the three particles, in the correct locations. 3. Label each particle with its name and charge 4. Label the nucleus of your atom and the orbitals where the electrons are located. Discussion Questions: 1. What makes the elements in the Periodic Table different? 2. Which element did you build? (hint – how many protons does it have?) 3. What is the name for the center of the atom containing the protons and neutrons? 4. What kind of electrical charge do protons, electrons, and neutrons have? 5. What does it mean if an entire atom has a neutral charge? 6. Describe the movement of the electrons. 8th Grade Science Summer Activity 7. What can happen to the atomic particles when you rub two objects together? 8. What happens to an object that loses electrons? 9. What happens to an object that gains electrons? 10. What happens when an object with a positive charge and an object with a negative charge are near each other? FCAT Practice 1. The element carbon contains 6 protons. In its electrically neutral state, how many electrons will it have? A. 12 B. 0 C. 6 D. 4 Answer: C 2. A subatomic particle has a mass of 1 amu and a charge of 1+. This particle helps to determine which properties of an atom? A. its atomic number but not its atomic mass B. its atomic mass but not its atomic number C. neither its atomic mass nor its atomic number D. both its atomic number and its atomic mass Answer: D Extra Help http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html