Drivers ED Chapters 11 & 12 2024-2025 Edition. Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A+, Exams of Logistics

Download Drivers ED Chapters 11 & 12 2024-2025 Edition. Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A+ and more Exams Logistics in PDF only on Docsity! Drivers ED Chapters 11 & 12 2024-2025 Edition. Questions & Correct, Verified Answers. Graded A+ "Rush-in" area - ANSa degree of aggressive driving in which the driver rushes constantly, lane jumps, believes others are in their way, ignores road signs and regulations, and drives with distraction "Total aggression" area - ANSa degree of aggressive driving in which the driver constantly ridicules and criticizes other drivers to self or passengers, closes a gap to deny entry into lane, gives a "look" to show disapproval, speeds past another car, tailgates, fantasizes about physical violence, honks, yells or makes visible insulting gestures "Violence" area - ANSa degree of aggressive driving in which the driver carries a weapon, just in case, deliberately bumps or rams another vehicle, tries to run a car off the road, gets out of the car and hits someone, tries to run someone done, shoots at another car or thoughts of killing someone 1. The "rush-in" area (aggressive driving) - ANSConstant rushing and lane jumping is your style. Others are just in your way. Get ahead. Ignore road signs and regulations. They are for other drivers. Driving with distraction, low alertness, inattention. 2. The "total aggression" area (aggressive driving) - ANSConstantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or passengers. Closing gap to deny entry into lane. Giving the "look" to show disapproval. Speeding past another car, revving engine. Prevent others from passing you. Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of your way. Fantasizing physical violence. Honking, yelling through the window. Making visible insulting gestures. 3. The "violence" area (road rage) - ANSCarrying a weapon, just in case. Deliberately bumping or ramming another vehicle. Trying to run a car off the road to punish. Getting out of the car, beating or battering someone. Trying to run someone down. Shooting at another car. Thoughts of killing someone. Aggressive driving - ANSoccurs when a driver operates a vehicle in a pushy or bold manner, without regard for others safety Aggressive driving - ANSoccurs when a driver operates a vehicle in a pushy or bold manner, without regard for others safety. Examples of aggressive driving include: Exceeding the speed limit Following too closely Failing to obey traffic controls Making improper turns and maneuvers Agree on a designated driver - ANSchoose a person in advance who will be the designated driver and will not drink or be sure a sober person drives home. Alcohol content - ANSthe more alcohol content in a drink, the higher the BAC will rise Alcohol elimination - ANSremoving all the alcohol out of the circulatory system to become sober. Anger is the basis for rage - ANSThe irrational actions of others create anger. There is potential for rage if a driver feels they have been violated or their safety has been threatened. Are You at Risk? - ANSBefore you drive, consider whether you are: Drivers age 21-24 have the highest percentage of alcohol use involved in fatal crashes. Drivers age 25-44 have the second highest number of alcohol-related fatal crashes. Young people who drink and drive have a greater chance of being in a crash than older drivers because alcohol usually affects young people more and young people have little experience in both drinking and driving. The greater the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), the greater the risk of being involved in a fatal crash. BAC is the concentration of alcohol in a person's bloodstream. Young drivers between the ages of 16 and 19 with a BAC of .02 to .05 percent (one to two drinks) are at least seven times more likely to be killed in a crash than a sober driver of any age. If you are arrested for drinking and driving, the penalties are severe. Your driver's license may be suspended, you may be fined or you may have to serve a prison term. Controlling emotions: - ANSUnderstand one's emotional makeup Identify situations that cause emotional stress Expect other drivers to make mistakes Understand that emotions are contagious Direct emotions toward actions, not individuals Delay driving when upset If upset, ask someone else to drive Coordination - ANSrivers must coordinate hand, eye and foot movements to operate a motor vehicle successfully. Loss of such ability greatly handicaps performance. Dangerous maneuvering includes: - ANS"All of these cars are trying to squeeze in!" "I have a lead foot!" "Ha! I will speed up and show him a lesson!" "Everyone else is speeding!" "Let's tailgate this car in front of me." "He's driving too slowly!" Describe some situations discussed in the video that led to aggressive driving? - ANSAnswer: Retaliating against another driver who did something wrong or made the driver mad (driver threw eggs at another vehicle as a prank), mother trying to get to the pharmacy for daughters ear infection and pulled-over for speeding, driver becomes impatient because driver in front of them is going the speed limit, but used to driving over the speed limit that they have to get around them Distance judgment - ANSa driver must be able to determine how far objects are from his or her path of travel. This is complicated by movement of other objects. Alcohol reduces the ability to judge distance accurately. Distance judgment - ANSFollowing too closely can cause problems. Divided attention - ANSDriving is a task which requires constant but changing attention to traffic, roadway and weather conditions, passengers, gauges, etc. Do something else - ANSinvolve friends in activities other than drinking - dancing games, board games, video games, outside activities, etc. Don't trigger aggression in others - ANSKeep a safe following distance from the car ahead. You will need the room if something unexpected happens. Don't cut off other drivers Leave plenty of room when merging Give others the space they need to merge safely. Don't "close the gap." Keep right except to pass Move right to let others pass Always use your turn signals before changing lanes Avoid gestures that might anger another driver Use your horn sparingly Do not park across multiple parking spaces or touch adjacent vehicles while parking or entering or exiting the vehicle When using high-beam headlights, return to using low-beam headlights as soon as you detect an oncoming vehicle Double vision - ANSalthough humans have two eyes, each eye must work in conjunction with the other. Alcohol impairs this coordination and may produce a double image. Some drivers close one eye to cope with this, but this greatly affects the next two areas—distance judgment and side vision. Drowsy driving - who is most at risk? - ANSDrivers who are: - Sleep deprived - Driving long distances without rest breaks - Driving through the night or at other times when they are normally asleep - Taking medicine that increases sleepiness - Driving alone - Driving on long, rural, boring roads - Frequent travelers, e.g. business travelers Drivers with undiagnosed or untreated sleep disorders Young drivers Shift workers Commercial drivers Elimination of Alcohol - ANSThere is no way to get all the alcohol or other drugs out of the circulatory system to become sober quickly. Coffee, fresh air, cold showers or eating will not help to remove the alcohol or other drug combination from the circulatory system. Time is the only medically-proven method to remove alcohol or other drug combinations from the system. It can take 1 ½ hours or longer for the body to eliminate one drink from the system. The best advice is not to drive a vehicle of any kind if alcohol or other drugs are consumed. Impairment starts with the first drink. Emotions that affect driving: - ANSAnger Anxiety Joy, happiness Fear Hate Grief How many drinks in the body does it take to affect driving? - ANSAnswer: One drink How many hours of sleep should teens and young adults get each night? - ANSAnswer: 9 hours Illegal Drugs - ANSagainst the law to purchase, possess and consume illegal drugs, impacts your driving and can affect your reflexes, judgment, vision and alertness in ways similar to alcohol. Illegal drugs - ANSdrugs which are against the law to purchase, possess and consume. These drugs impact your driving in ways similar to alcohol. Impaired motor skills - ANSa driver's eye, hand, and foot coordination is impaired by alcohol. Implied consent law - ANSa law that requires a driver charged with being under the influence to take a chemical test that measures the amount of alcohol in the blood. Ineffective actions: - ANS"Toughing it out" Playing the radio loudly Driving at a faster or slower speed Chewing gum Opening the windows Intoxication - ANSa physiological state that occurs when a person has a high level of alcohol in his/her blood. The legal blood alcohol concentration is determined by state law. Judgment - ANS- Accurate decisions are based on a driver's ability to assess and judge a given driving situation. Poor judgments often result in collisions. List some of the consequences of aggressive driving discussed in the video. - ANSAnswer: Motor vehicle crash leading to death or injury, jail sentence, fines Loss of tracking ability - ANSThis is the ability to maintain the vehicle in a given line. Maintaining alertness while driving: - ANSProtect yourself from glare and eyestrain with sunglasses Avoid heavy foods Be aware of down time during the day Have another person ride with you, and take turns driving Take periodic breaks - about every 100 miles or 2 hours during long trips Stop driving and get some rest or take a nap Consume caffeine - can increase awareness for a few hours, but do not drink too much. It will eventually wear off. Do not rely on caffeine to prevent fatigue. Mixing alcohol and drugs - ANSA driver should never drink alcohol while taking other drugs. These drugs could multiply the effects of alcohol or have additional effects of their own. These effects not only reduce the driver's ability to operate a vehicle, but could cause serious health problems, even death. The key factor to remember is that any change a drug produces may also cause a lessening of driving ability. Drugs should never be mixed with alcohol because of a possible synergistic effect (chemical reaction between two or more drugs that may produce a reaction greater than either drug alone). Mood - ANSA driver's mood may cause him/her to take unnecessary risks or be so lethargic as to fail to act correctly in a dangerous situation. Name two causes of fatigue? - ANSAnswer: Physical strain (hard work), mental strain (stress), monotonous tasks (long driving trips), illness, lack of sleep, sun glare, overeating, riding in a warm passenger compartment. Name two effects of fatigue? - ANSAnswer: Impairs reaction time, judgment and vision, impairs your senses and abilities, may not see objects clearly or in a timely manner, may miss critical information, takes longer to process information or make decisions Nature of the Alcohol-Related Traffic Crash Problem - ANSIn the U.S., one person dies every half hour and one person is injured every two minutes, because someone was drinking and driving. Friends of the people killed were affected by sadness and grief. Experience is the most dangerous way to learn about the effects of alcohol. Over 10,800 people are killed in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes each year. These alcohol-impaired-driving fatalities accounted for 32 percent of the total motor vehicle traffic fatalities in the United States. All 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico by law created a threshold making it illegal to drive with a BAC of .08 or higher. Of the 10,800 people who died in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes, 7,281 (67%) were drivers with a BAC of .08 or higher. The remaining fatalities consisted of 2,891 (27%) motor vehicle occupants and 667 (6%) non-occupants. Never let a friend or relative drive if they have been drinking. If they have been drinking: - ANSTake his/her keys away Arrange for a driver who has not been drinking Call a cab Have him/her stay overnight, if possible Night vision - ANShumans have limited night sight at best, and alcohol reduces this ability further. In addition, alcohol reduces the control of light entering the eye. This is important, since drivers must adapt from the situation of no oncoming light to that of headlights shining in their eyes. Over-the-counter medications - ANSthose drugs that can be purchased legally without a prescription. Over-the-Counter Medications - ANSthose that can be purchased legally without a prescription. Always read the label carefully, especially if intending to drive. Some medications may cause drowsiness or impair driving ability. If you are not sure it is safe to take the drug and drive, ask your doctor or pharmacist about any side effects. Oxidation - ANSthe majority of alcohol (90 percent) is removed by the liver Passengers and Emotions - ANSIn a vehicle, passengers can influence the way a driver thinks, feels and drives. When you are the driver, you need to take responsibility for the safety of your passengers Do not let peer pressure or group pressure allow you to take more risk Do not get into an argument or discussion with other passengers while driving, which may cause the driver to become upset Passengers can help the driver maintain control while driving by taking actions to prevent aggressive driving or speeding. - ANSAvoid distracting or upsetting the driver Discourage the driver from driving recklessly Do not encourage the driver to speed or drive in a reckless manner Don't respond - do not challenge them by speeding up or attempting to hold-your-own in your path of travel Don't engage - avoid eye contact, which can sometimes anger an aggressive driver Ignore gestures and name calling - refuse to return them Be tolerant and forgiving - the other driver may be having a bad day and looking for a way to vent anger Be polite and courteous - your behavior may help reduce other drivers anger Do not get out of your vehicle Drive away from the area, if possible, drive to a public space, not home - report serious road rage Rest is the key: - ANSIt is usually not a good idea to sleep in a vehicle at the side of the road, but there may be times when it is safer than continuing to drive. If you must stop along the side of the road: Find a populated, lighted area Stop where security is present or make sure you are as far off the highway as possible Open windows slightly, but not enough to allow entry from outside Lock all doors and turn off the engine Turn on parking lights and turn off other electrical equipment After you rest, if safe, get out of the vehicle and walk a few minutes before driving, sleeping for more than 20 minutes can make you groggy for at least 5 minutes after awakening Risks of drowsy driving - ANSDrowsy driving is one of the leading causes of traffic collisions. The NHTSA estimates that 100,000 police-reported crashes year are the result of drowsy driving. According to the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep in America poll, more than one third (36 percent or 103 million people) admit to having actually fallen asleep at the wheel. Drivers may experience short bursts of sleep lasting only a few seconds or fall asleep for longer periods of time. Either way, the chance of a collision increases dramatically. Road rage - ANSoccurs when a driver uses the vehicle or some other weapon to threaten or cause harm to another roadway user in response to a traffic incident with the intent to harm others Road rage - ANSoccurs when a driver uses the vehicle or some other weapon to threaten or cause harm to another roadway user in response to a traffic incident with the intent to harm others. Road rage is an escalation of emotions generally ignited by aggressive driving behaviors. Examples of road rage include: Throwing objects at a vehicle Yelling at a specific roadway user Attempting to ram another vehicle Searching - ANSthe prime sense humans use in driving is vision. Even low levels of alcohol (.03) have been found to reduce this ability. Alcohol affects vision in a number of ways. This is particularly important since about ninety percent of what a driver "identifies" is by use of his or her eyes. The prime reason for visual problems after use of alcohol is lessened muscular control. Alcohol relaxes the fine muscles of the eye that focus and control eye movement. Self-imposed anxieties and dangerous reactions/maneuvers - ANSAnyone can enter a driving situation with varying amounts of anxiety which can negatively influence driving behavior. The idea is to recognize these thoughts and not allow them to influence their driving. Examples include: "I am going to be late if I don't hurry up." "Why are these cars going so slow?" "We will never make it." "If only I had gone a little faster I could have made it." "Oh no. Red light!" Side vision - ANSsometimes called peripheral vision, this ability is critical to the driving task. A person's central vision is very narrow and a driver must be able to take in a number of things to each side of his/her path of travel. Speed also reduces side vision. Size of drink - ANSa larger drink will contain more alcohol and result in a higher BAC than a smaller drink Slowed response time - ANSalcohol slows a driver's ability to process information and respond to critical driving tasks. Stay home - ANSthe best way to avoid having to drive home is not to leave home in the first place. Stopping another person from driving drunk - ANSIf you are going to try to control the drinking of others, you must recognize that: You have a responsibility to prevent your friends from drinking to excess. You must be willing to brave the resistance of the drinker or others in the group. Sweat - ANSabout 2 percent of alcohol is eliminated by sweating Time spent drinking - ANSthe faster a drinker consumes alcohol, the more quickly BAC will reach its peak Verbal aggression - ANSa type of aggressive driving in which the driver yells, cusses, stares, honks or insults another driver Verbal aggression: - ANSyelling, cussing, gesturing, honking, insulting (aggressive driving) Vigilance - ANSNot remaining attentive to the driving task can cause a driver to follow too closely, drift into another lane, etc. Vision - ANSVision is the key to information gathering and processing and safe driving. Visual impairments make it difficult to search, evaluate and execute appropriately. Visual acuity - ANSthis is sharpness of vision. Alcohol may make images blur for the driver and thus impair the ability to identify properly what is in the traffic scene. What are some things you can do to prevent aggressive driving? - ANSAnswer: Be calm and careful, avoid aggressive driving, stay on the road safely, give yourself extra time What are some ways to reduce stress when driving? - ANSAnswer: Leave plenty of time, drive the posted speed limit, minimize distractions, don't drive when angry, alter your schedule to avoid peak drive times, monitor your physical / emotion condition, know where you are going, relax and concentrate on driving, be polite What are the consequences of drinking alcohol and driving? - ANSGreater risk of being involved in a crash. Could have license suspended. Could be fined or sentenced to serve time in prison. What are the effects of alcohol on driving? - ANSAnswer: Ability to judge distance is reduced. Driver is more apt to take risks. Ability to process information is reduced. Slow to recognize what is happening. Can easily lose control of their vehicle.