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Ocean Pollution and Harmful Algal Blooms: Impacts, Causes, and Solutions, Papers of Biology

Various ocean-related issues, focusing on ocean acidification, coral bleaching, harmful algal blooms (habs), and their impacts on marine ecosystems. The causes, consequences, and costs of habs, including different types of poisoning and their health effects. It also discusses human activities contributing to habs and dead zones, as well as potential solutions.

Typology: Papers

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/31/2009

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Download Ocean Pollution and Harmful Algal Blooms: Impacts, Causes, and Solutions and more Papers Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Pr ob le m s fo r th e P re se nt a nd F ut ur e O ce a n A . O ce a n a ci d if ic a ti on B . C or a l B le a ch in g C . E x ti nc ti on s D . I nv a si ve S pe ci e s E . Ph y to pl a nk to n Pr od uc ti on D ow n F . H a rm fu l A lg a l b lo om s G . D e a d Z on e s H . Po ll ut io n I . H a b it a t d e st ru ct io n J . S us ta in a b le F is h e ri e s E . D e c re a s e i n p ri m a ry p ro d u c ti o n ? • p ri m a ry p ro d u c ti o n d o w n o v e r la s t 2 0 y e a rs e s p e c ia lly i n a re a s w h e re t e m p e ra tu re h a s r is e n t h e m o s t b e tw e e n e a rl y 1 9 8 0 s a n d l a te 1 9 9 0 s P P d e c re a s e > 9 % N o rt h P a c if ic ~ 7 % i n N o rt h A tl a n ti c o v e ra ll ~ 6 % N O T S U R E W H Y T H IS J U S T C O R E L L A T IO N F . H a rm fu l A lg a l B lo o m s ( H A B s ) fo rm e rl y c a ll e d R e d T id e s re d t id e H A B - ph yt op la nk to n c on ce nt ra ti on s h ig h e no ug h t o h ar m t h e en vi ro nm en t an d o rg an is m s. Ph yt op la nk to n fr om d if fe re nt g ro up s (d ia to m s, d in of la ge lla te s, e tc .) m ay fo rm H A B s. R ed o r b ro w n ti d es a re H A B s ca us ed b y ph yt op la nk to n th at c ol or s th e w at er . E st im a te d c os ts o f H A B s in U S A Pu b lic h ea lt h ( po is on in g) : $ 2 0 m ill . y ea r- 1 C om m er ci al f is h er y: $ 2 0 m ill . y ea r- 1 T ou ri sm : $ 7 m ill . y ea r- 1 M an ag em en t: 2 m ill . y ea r- 1 H o w H A B s c a n n e g a ti v e ly i m p a c t th e ir e n v ir o n m e n t 1 . P ro d u c e t o x in s t h a t c a n c a u s e p a ra ly s is , a m n e s ia , o r in te s ti n a l p ro b le m s 2 . R e s u lt in g s e c o n d a ry b a c te ri a l b lo o m s c a n c a u s e a n o x ia a n d h y p o x ia , k ill in g fi s h a n d a n y o th e r lo c a l o x y g e n r e q u ir in g o rg a n is m s . 3 . P ro d u c e s u c h a l a rg e b io m a s s t h a t s h a d e s t h e o rg a n is m s b e lo w , d e p ri v in g th e m o f h e a t a n d l ig h t. 4 . O ut c om pe te s ot h er p h yt op la nk to n an d t h us r e d uc e t h e av ai la b ili ty o f al ga e fo od 5 . T h e pr od uc ti on o f la rg e a m ou nt s of m uc ou s, w h ic h • si nk s sm ot h e ri ng o rg an is m s on t h e b en th os • w h en a cc um ul at in g on b ea ch es h ar m s to ur is m • cl og s fi sh in g ne ts T h e re a re N O k n o w n a n ti d o te s f o r p o is o n in g c a u s e d b y H A B t o x in s ! 2 T y p es o f p o is o n in g : 1 ) P ar al y ti c S h el lf is h P o is o n in g (P S P ) h tt p :/ /w w w .w h o i. e d u /r e d ti d e /i lln e s s /a s p .h tm l S a x it o x in D in of la ge lla te s: A le x an d ri um s p. G ym no di ni um c at en at um A k a s h iw o s a n g u in e a L in g u lo d iu m p o ly e d ru m C o m m o n i n t h e S B c h a n n e l, p ro d u c e s b io lu m in e s c e n c e T y pe s of p oi so ni ng : 2 ) D ia rr h e ti c p o is o n in g D in op h ys is a cu ta f ro m S B C h an ne l D o m o ic A c id h tt p :/ /w w w .w h o i. e d u /r e d ti d e /i lln e s s /a s p .h tm l T y p e s o f P o is o n s : 3 )A m n e s ic S h e llf is h P o is o n in g ( A S P ) P s e u d o -n it z s c h ia s p . D ia to m - Ps eu d o- ni tz ch ia a us tr al is , A no th e r co m m on c h an ne l H A B s pe ci es . D if fe re n t s p e c ie s o f p s u e d o -n it z c h e a P ro d u c in g d o m o ic a c id to x in s d u ri n g a l a rg e b lo o m a lo n g t h e w e s t c o a s t in 1 9 9 8 . 5 H . 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H ab it at D es tr u ct io n 1 . B o tt o m T ra w li n g ht tp :/ /m ar in eb io .o rg /O ce an s/ C o n se rv at io n /H ab it at C o n se rv at io n .a sp 2 . 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M an g ro v e S w am p s A b ou t h al f th e w or ld s m an gr ov e s w am ps d e st ro ye d to b ui ld - aq ua cu lt ur e (s h ri m p) - la nd f ill f or d e ve lo pm e nt - ri ce p ad d ie s Im po rt an t us es : N ur se ry g ro un d s fo r fi sh a nd s h el lf is h fi lt e rs f or n ut ri e nt s an d p ol lu ta nt s fu el a nd t im b e r b ar ri e rs t o co as ta l e ro si on im po rt an t fi sh e ri es H ab it at l o ss : 4 . C o ra l R ee fs 2 0 % h av e b ee n d e st ro ye d , no i m m e d ia te pr os pe ct s of r ec ov e ry 2 4 % a re u nd e r im m in en t ri sk o f co lla ps e 2 6 % a re u nd e r a lo ng e r te rm t h re at o f co lla ps e; W h y? 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