Download Early Ideas about Brain and Behavior - Mind, Brain and Behaviour - Lecture Slides and more Slides Human ethology in PDF only on Docsity! E l Id b B iar y eas a out ra n and Behavior Docsity.com Mind, Brain and Behavior Neuroscientists want to unify the science of the mind with the science of the brain. Actions of the brain underlie all behavior. What we call mind is a range of functions carried out by the brain. Neural science explains behavior in terms of brain activities. Where does psychology fit? Docsity.com 19th Century Views By the 1800’s, the nervous system had been completely dissected and gross anatomy described. I j h b i di f i in ury to t e ra n srupts unct on ng. Brain communicates with the body via nerves. The brain has parts that probably perform different functions. Th b i f ll l f d like ra n o ows aws o nature an operates e a machine. Docsity.com Understanding by Analogy Metaphors have always been drawn from discoveries in the physical world: fluid mechanics, windmills, man as machine. Modern analogies: Mind as switchboard Mind as computer Docsity.com Discarded Theories Fluid in ventricles, flow of humors Galen Body as machine explained by mechanics Nerves as hollow tubes full of gas or fluid Descartes Nerves as “wires” Galvani, du Bois-Reymond, Muller, Helmholtz Docsity.com Figure 2.1
NNissl-stained neurons. A thin slice of brain tissue has been stained with Gresyl violet, a Niss! stain. The clumps of deeply stained material around the cell
‘nuclei are Niss! bodies. (Source: Hammersen, 1960, Fig. 498.)
Nissl Stain
1988, p. 126.)
(©2001 Lippincott Warns & Waki
Golgi Stain
(©2004 Lippivestt Witams & Wins
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Localization vs Distribution Are specific functions carried out in specific regions of the brain? Are functions an emergent property of brain activity as a whole? Today’s neuroscience still debates this. The answers appear somewhere between the two extremes. Docsity.com Two Alternative Views C ll l i ie u ar connect on sm: Individual neurons are the signaling elements of the nervous system arranged in functional groups , Supported by empirical observations of Ramon y Cajal, Wernicke, Jackson, Sherrington. The aggregate field view: All regions of the brain participate in all mental functions. Mind is NOT completely biological Docsity.com The Discovery of Localization I i h i h h h b i imag ng tec n ques t at s ow t e ra n n action confirm that certain functions are carried out in specific areas of the brain . This was difficult to see early on because of parallel processing Each function is subserved by more than one neural pathway . When one pathway is damaged, others may compensate, making localization harder to see. Docsity.com Figquee 1th
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Central suleus
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Support for the Field View Lashley found that the greater the lesions, the greater the impairment in functioning. No matter where lesions were made, learning was impaired. Mass action -- brain mass, not specific regions was most important to functioning. Maze learning involves multiple functions, so it is unsuitable for studying localization. Docsity.com
