earth and life science module 1 week 1, Exercises of Earth science

Download earth and life science module 1 week 1 and more Exercises Earth science in PDF only on Docsity! COLEGIO DE SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER, INC. Palompon, Leyte School ID: 404698 SY: 2020-2021 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT LEARNING MODULE IN Earth and Life Science 11 “Earth Sub-systems and Earth Materials” Section: 11- ABM, GA, and HUMSS Semester: First Date: Name of Teacher: T. Jacquilyn B. Hinlong I. II. III. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life. (S11/12ES-Ia-e-3) Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow. (S11/12ES-Ia-e-4) Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES-Ia-e-9-10) PRE-ASSESSMENT To test your knowledge of this lesson, answer exercise 1: Multiple Choice on page 9 with honesty. Read the instruction carefully for you to be guided, and please finish the exercise before you proceed to the next phase. See page 9 and write your answer there. LESSON PROPER Review/ Motivation You already know in your previous years in Junior Highs School that among all the planets in the universe only Earth has a unique characteristics to support life. Since this is our first lesson, we have nothing to review instead, you will answer an exercise 2: 4pics-1 word on page 9-10 that will help you to focus along the way. Discussion of Activity Just Right.... -A habitable planet has abiotic factors (non-living) and characteristics that are just right for allowing life to exist. -Earth is the only known planet at this time. Earth’s Subsystems In your study of the uniqueness of the Earth, you found out that our planet is dynamic and each part of Earth - land, water, air, and life - are interconnected and continuously interact with one another. The interactivity parts that form a complex whole define a system. The interacting parts in Earth's system are called subsystems. The Earth is comprised of four major subsystems. These subsystems are also called the “spheres of the Earth.” They are atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. What are the characteristics of these four subsystems? 1. Geosphere/ Lithosphere - is the solid outer section of the Earth and it includes the entire Earth’s crust and the rigid upper mantle. - it is divided into a number of huge plates that move in relation to one another and believed that the continents are locked up into a huge landmasses called Pangaea earthquake, volcanoes and mountains are formed due to the movement of plates. - Geo is a Greek root which means ground. Geosphere includes all the soil, rocks, and minerals present in the crust to the core of the Earth. It is divided into three layers namely crust, mantle, and core. -The crust is the outermost layer of the geosphere. It is made mostly of silicate materials. There are two different types of crust, the oceanic and continental crusts. The thin oceanic crust that Page 1| Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSFJ lies beneath the oceanic floors is about 5 to 10 km thick. On the other hand, the thicker continental crust that makes up the continents is about 15 to 70 km thick. -The mantle, which lies just below the crust, is made mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron. It is about 2900 km thick. It has increasing temperatures at increasing depths. For instance, the layer with the lowest temperature is the one right beneath the crust. This layer, which is soft enough to flow, causes the plates of the crust to move. On the other hand, the layer with the highest temperature is found in contact with the heat-producing core. -The core, which has a radius of 3400 km, is the innermost layer of the Earth. It is made up of iron and nickel. It is the source of internal heat because it contains radioactive materials that release energy as they decay into more stable. 2. Atmosphere -The word atmosphere comes from the Greek roots atmos which means gas, and sphaira which means globe or ball. The atmosphere makes up of all the gases on Earth. It extends outward about 10 000 km from the surface of the Earth. It is composed of 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 350 ppm carbon dioxide, and other components. -it is divided into several layers based on temperature: Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Troposphere- it contains about 80% of the total mass of the atmosphere. Most of the water vapour present in the atmosphere found in the troposphere. All weather-associated cloud types are found in this layer. Stratosphere- the temperature increases as the altitude increases due to the presence of ozone (0,). It protects life on Earth by absorbing the ultraviolet radiation. The layer where the jet planes fly. Mesosphere- the layer with decreasing temperature as altitude increases. The coldest region in the atmosphere is in the upper mesosphere. This layer protects Earth from meteoroids because most meteoroids that enter the atmosphere burn up due to intense friction that builds up between the air and the meteoroids. e Thermosphere- it is the second highest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The temperature increases as the altitude increases in this layer. Nitrogen (N,). And oxygen (0,) absorbs great deal of ultraviolet radiation and turns it into heat. The portion of the thermosphere from 80- 550 km above the Earth is called the Ionosphere. It is a layer consisting of highly ionized gas. These layers help the radio waves pass around the Earth. At the poles, ions interact with air molecules to form an Aurora (colourful displays of light which often occur in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. « Exosphere- is the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere. Most of the orbiting satellites, as well as low density elements, like hydrogen and helium, are found in this layer. 3. Hydrosphere - Hydro is a Greek root which means water. It is composed of all the water on Earth in any form: water vapor, liquid water, and ice. It is comprised of 97.5% saltwater and 2.5% freshwater. It includes all bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and marshes. Clouds and rain are also part of the hydrosphere. -The water on Earth is constantly moving. It moves through the oceans in currents. Warm waters in the tropics move toward the poles while cold water from the Polar Regions move toward the tropics. Water also flows into streams and rivers and through the rocks underground. It can also move from age 2 | Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science —CSFJ Once the energy is captured by the autotrophs (producers) as stored energy Paectlory ae (chemical energy) it can be transferred from 1 kcal one trophic level to another. The energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient. Secondary As a general rule, only ten percent (10%) of Consumers the energy contained in the organisms of one trophic level are available to consumers in the Primary next level. This is referred as ten percent rule. Coy Producers 1,000 kcal The 10% rule of energy transfer Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral Minerals- are naturally occurring inorganic solids. They are considered natural because they are derived from natural geologic processes. - A common example of mineral is salt. Other common rock-forming minerals are sulphur, quartz, and graphite Physical Properties of Minerals Physical Properties of a Mineral Examples 1. Color- it is a result of the way minerals absorb light. cotragg GALCITE - considered to be the least reliable means of identifying minerals. ae 2. Streak- is the color of the mineral in powder form. 3. Hardness- refers to the measure of mineral’s resistance to scratching. —a fees - To measure the relative hardness of minerals the Mohs [| scale is used. SRO eveusit 5 3: SOFT once igi SreARN | FLUORITE ee [enaRe | aParrr @ HARD FELDSPAR & a gt 4. Cleavage and fracture- are used to describe how minerals break into pieces. Breakage may take place in weak parts of the structure. 5. Crystalline Structure or the crystal lattice- tells how a mineral’s crystal are arranged. A crystal solid is said to form a regular repeating three-dimensional crystal lattice, while an amorphous solid forms aggregates that have no particular order or arrangement. Page 5 | Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSF) 6. Transparency or diaphaneity- indicates the extent of light that can pass through the mineral. Hence the degree of transparency may depend on the thickness of the mineral 7. Magnetism- indicates the ability of a mineral to attract or repel other minerals 8. Tenacity- is the level of resistance or reaction of a mineral to stress such as crushing, bending, breaking, or tearing. it can tell if a mineral is brittle, malleable, elastic, etc. 9. Luster-refers to the reaction of a mineral to light. It determines how brilliant or dull the mineral is. 10. Odor-is a distinct smell of a mineral that is usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to water, heat, air, or friction. 11. Specific gravity- is a measure of the density of mineral it used especially when two minerals have the same size or the same color. Chemical Properties Examples 1. Silicate Class-- is the largest and most abundant | Feldspar Pyroxene group containing silicon and oxygen with some aluminium, magnesium, iron, and calcium 2. Carbonate Class -is mostly found deposited in marine environments. It also found in areas where high rates of evaporation take place such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah. - it includes nitrate and borate minerals. 3. Sulphate Class Anhydrite -in areas with high evaporation rates and 2 where salty waters slowly evaporate. During this Bd process, the formation of sulphates and halides in ok water-sediment interface occurs. 4. Halide Class - contains natural salts and includes fluorite, halite, sylvite, and sal ammoniac components. This class have relatively low hardness may be transparent, have good cleavage, have low specific gravities, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. 5. Oxide Class Chrysobery| - metallic minerals such as hematite and gemstones such as chrysobery| and spinel belong to this class . -they are formed as precipitates close to Earth's surface or as oxidation products of minerals during the process of weathering. 6.Sulfide Class Copper -has important metals such as copper, lead, and silver, which are considered economically we ; & significant. f , % é Fo ¥ Page 6| Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSF) Arsenic Phosphate Vanadium 7. Phosphate Class - contains minerals with phosphorous. The phosphate class is considered an important biological mineral found in the teeth and bones of many animals. 8. Native Element Gold SilverAntimonyBismuthGraphite Sulfur -contains metal and intermetallic elements (e.g. gold, silver, copper), semimetals, non-metals Wy li Wg (e.g. antimony, bismuth, graphite, sulphur) or | / i i natural alloys, and constituents of a few rare | (4h a BPs meteorites. Me 5 va Classification of Rock Rocks- are natural substances consisting of aggregate minerals clumped together with other Earth materials through natural processes. A. Igneous Rock- (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning’fire”). This make sense because these rocks are formed by volcanic activity. The temperature in the mantle is very high that the materials melts. Magma is a molten rock generated by partial melting of rocks on Earth’s mantle. B. Sedimentary Rocks- (from the root word sediments which means” remaining particles”) are formed from small particles of rocks that have been lithified together. Most of the sedimentary rocks are found in beaches, rivers, and oceans where sand, mud, and other type of sediments are present. C. Metamorphic Rocks- are that chemically changed in form, structure and composition under the great heat and pressure through other agents of metamorphism. Study the picture on how the magma turns into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Exercise 1. I Knew It. See page 10 for your activity sheet. Before you proceed, answer the 1-5 questions based on your own understanding. IV. GENERALIZATION Earth and Life Science is designed to provide a general background for the understanding of Earth Science and Biology. It presents also the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure, composition, and processes. Issues, concerns, and problems pertaining to natural hazards are also included. It also deals with the basic principles and processes in the study of biology. It covers life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels. V. APPLICATION Write all the characteristics of Earth that will allow life to exist on the blank shapes. Using the diagram, write the characteristics needed for life to exist? VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT Answer your Quiz 1 on your activity sheet. Follow the instructions provided. VII. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES Surf the internet for additional information about the topic. Note: This only applicable if you are done answering the activities above. https://www. youtube.com/watch ?v=Bn pFOndXk-8 http ://flexiblellearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/minerals/economic.htm| http://geology about.com/com/od/rocks/a/Rock-Picture-Index.htm| Page 7 | Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSFJ FUDNAIQRUFE GOELRBATH Activity 1. I Knew it! ? Acti i Direction: Classify the types of rocks below as to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Andesite basalt Limestone quartzite dacite obsidian gneiss pumice Scoria sandstone rhyolite shale Phyllite schist marble tuff Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Activity 2. Fill me Using a diagram, write the characteristics needed for life to exist? Characteris tics that Allow Life Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSF) NAME: DATE: GRADE AND SECTION: TEST 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Answer the following items. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of these statements is true? a. Rocks can only change on the earth's surface b. Rocks can change from one type to another c. Rocks can only change inside the earth d. Rocks never change 2. The melting of metamorphic or igneous rock forms what substance? a. lava b. magma c. pebbles d, sediments 3. What geologic process can change granite (igneous rock) into gneiss (metamorphic rock)? a. compacting and cementing b. cooling c. melting d. weathering and erosion 4. Why color is considered as the least reliable means of identifying minerals? a. Because some mineral has the same color but different type of mineral. b. Because some mineral has the different color but the same type of mineral. c. Because some mineral has the same color and the same type of mineral. d, All of the above. 5. How to determine the true color of a mineral? a. Expose the mineral to the sun. b. Add a small amount of water to the sample. c. Pulverized the sample mineral. d. Use a tool that magnifies the mineral. 6. Which of the following is not included in Earth’s subsystems? a. geosphere b. atmosphere c. photosphere d. hydrosphere 7. Hydrosphere includes all the _ _on Earth. a. water b. landforms c. gases d. living things 8. Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. carbon dioxide d. argon 9. Which of the following are included in the geosphere? I. rock II, mineral III. nitrogen gas IV. water vapour a. 1and II b. II and III Page 11| Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSFJ c. III and IV d, II and Iv 10. Which of the following is true about the Earth’s subsystems? a. Each subsystem works independently and does not depend on other subsystems. b. Each subsystem did not change since the formation of the Earth. c. Earth’s subsystems interact with each other making life possible on Earth. d. Earth's subsystems are similar to the subsystems of other planets. 11. Which of the following is true about the geosphere? a. It is the habitat for some species of plants and animals. b. It prevents the penetration of ultraviolet rays from the Sun. c. It is the main source of water on Earth. d. It provides oxygen needed by animals. 12. What will happen if the atmosphere on Earth is removed? a. The Earth will be able to sustain life. b. Ultraviolet rays will easily penetrate the Earth. c. Solar energy will not reach the Earth’s surface. d. The Earth will maintain its current temperature. 13. All of the following is true about the interaction of the biosphere with other subsystems, except a. Organisms in the biosphere form parts of the geosphere when they decompose into smaller substances, b. Organisms in the biosphere maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere through consumption and excretion of gases. c. Organisms in the biosphere increase the amount of water in the hydrosphere. d. Organisms in the biosphere consume water from the hydrosphere for survival. 14. How does the atmosphere support other subsystems? I. It supplies organisms the needed oxygen and carbon dioxide. II. It absorbs all the minerals and nutrients from the geosphere. III. It serves as a reservoir for water vapor. IV. It shapes the Earth's landforms by its constant movement as the wind. a. 1 and II b. I, Il and III c. II, III and IV d, III and IV 15. Which of the following are true about the hydrosphere? I. Ice and water vapor suspended in the atmosphere are included in the hydrosphere. II. Freshwater is greater than the amount of saltwater on Earth. III. The water on Earth is constantly moving. IV. Water can move from the Earth’s surface to the air by precipitation and then fall back to Earth by evaporation. a. Ionly b. I and II c. I and III d, III and IV TEST 2: ESSAY. Answer the following question with no less than 3 sentences. 1. Why is Earth the perfect place for life to exist? Page 12| Self Learning Module Week 1 Earth and Life Science — CSFJ