EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE MODULE, Lecture notes of Earth science

Download EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE MODULE and more Lecture notes Earth science in PDF only on Docsity! Senior High School DepED DEPARTMENT If OF EDUCATION Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 - Module 12: Relative and Absolute Dating Earth and Life Science — Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 12: Relative and Absolute Dating First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Lucila D. Castor, Arrah S. Sulit Editors: Melanie |. Samudio, Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewer: Jason Ricaforte, Angelica Berifia, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr, Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr. Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Anselma M. Ebero, Jocelyn M. Manset Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief Eugenio S. Adrao, EPS In Charge of LRMS Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator Merthel M. Evardome, Schools Division Superintendent Mario B. Maramot, CID Chief Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Regional Librarian Rosalinda A. Mendoza, EPS In Charge of LRMS. Rosalinda A. Mendoza, Division ADM Coordinator Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education — Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-491 4/8647-7487 E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph For the learner: Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 12 on Relative and Absolute Dating! The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and accomplish many things. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you, as a learner, are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. «& Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your = level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/ facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the different methods in determining the age of stratified rocks. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module covers: e Lesson 1 - Relative and Absolute Dating After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. differentiate relative from absolute dating through pictures presented; and 2. compare relative and absolute dating using comparison chart. What I Know Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of these is the best indication of the relative age of a rock layer? A. the thickness of the layer B. the chemical make-up of the layer C. the distance of the layer on the surface D. the position of the layer compared to other layers 2. Which of the following processes will give the relative age of a rock? A. examining the environment in which the rock is found B. examining the rock’s relative position in a rock outcrop C. comparing the amount of decayed and undecayed radioactive isotopes D. comparing the size of crystals in the upper and lower parts of the rock 3. Where can you find the oldest rock in an undisturbed rock file? A. on the topmost B. at the bottom C. upper part D. lower part 14. Which of the following is NOT true about Absolute Dating? A. quantitative method of dating B. principles to recognize the relative ages of rocks C. used to give rocks an actual date or date range, in number of years D . use radiometric method by radioactive decay: concept of isotopes and concepts of half- life 15. What method of Rock Dating is using stratigraphy method? A. Absolute Dating B. Geological Dating C. Historical Dating D. Relative Dating Relative and Absolute Dating How old is it? This might be the first question that will enter your mind when you see an old rock or artifact. Certainly, that is one of the first thing that a geologist wants to know. Geologists find ways on how to determine the age and traces of history from the large number of artifacts and monuments bestowed upon us by older civilization. There are methods and techniques used by geologists to help them determine the age of the materials that evolved in the past. In this lesson, the relative and absolute dating processes will be discussed. What’s In Activity 1: Solving the Earth’s Puzzle! Directions. Find and encircle relevant words from the puzzle. Then, do the given tasks. List of Words: 1. Rock 2. Relative 3. Absolute 4. Earth 5. Age A|F/F/E|N/D/F/I|N/D|C D;|;R|O/C/;/K|S|A|J|H|T/|O M/F/|S|R/E/;L/A;TI|I/V/E A|H/;|S/A|R/A/G/L|S/U/A B|H/;}|1I|/O|T/I/E;A|T/S/R C;}G/|LIR/|Z/Y¥|S|Y|O/;A|T A|B/;/}S|O|L/U/T/|E|R/|N/|H D;/;A|/B/S/P/]I|}O|R|Y/O|R E|F;]|S|U|L/I/T]|S|O/C|O Tasks: 1. Using a dictionary or any reference, find the meaning of identified words. 2. Write sentences out of the identified words from the puzzle. 3. Differentiate absolute age from relative age. q A Notes to the Teacher This module will help you understand the concepts about how to determine age of rocks. All parts are comprised of activities. Be guided with the instructions on how you will answer. Discuss through any mode the simple principles so the students can proceed to the next activity. Activity 3: A. Who’s the Oldest? Directions. Use the letters in the diagram below to determine the age of rocks applying the method of relative dating. List the rock layers from youngest to the oldest relative to age. Figure 7. Rocks layers and dikes Guide Questions: 1. In the law of superposition, which layer is the oldest? 2. What is the relative age of igneous rock in layer H? (younger or older) 3. What is the youngest rock layer? 4. What law/principle is represented by layer H as it passes through layer M, F, B, and I? 5. Which rock layer is older, layer B or layer F? B. How many years? Directions. Refer and analyze the diagram below to answer the provided questions. 510 mya dating of volcanic ash 52) mya 545 mya Figure 8. Rock Layers and Fossils 1. How old was the youngest rock layer? 2. How about the oldest rock layer? 3. What method is used in determining the age of rocks and fossils based on the diagram? Absolute Age Since change is the only thing that is permanent, the measurement of absolute age or exact date became a challenging task to the scientists. But they found a natural process that occurs at constant rate and accumulates its record of the radioactive decay of elements in rocks. Radioactive elements decay because they are composed of unstable isotopes that decompose spontaneously. Each atom has a certain probability of decaying at any time. It has half-life or time for it to decompose into half. Radioactivity is not affected by geologic process and easily measured in the laboratory. Aside from those, daughter isotopes accumulate in rocks. The longer the rock exists, the more daughter isotopes accumulate. The process of determining the absolute ages of rocks and minerals by measuring the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes is called radioactive dating. 10 e.g. a form of uranium changes (decays) to lead. In the above example, the parent element is uranium (U) and the daughter element is lead (Pb). Again, the process of radioactive decay can be used for dating rocks because: Radioactive decay proceeds at a constant, regardless of changes in conditions such as temperature, pressure, or the chemical environment. Here are the commonly used radioactive isotopes in radioactive dating. Table 1.1 Some Used Isotopes for Radiometric Dating Parent Daughter Half-life Effective Materials that Isotope Isotope (ears) Dating Can be Dated Range Using this (ears) Isotope Carbon-14 Nitrogen-14 5730 100-50000 | Wood, shells, or anything that was once alive, Trapped Carbon dioxide Potassium-40 Argon-40 1.3 billion 40 ,000-4.6 Muscovite Calcium-40 billion Biotite Volcanic rock Uranium 238 Lead 206 4.5 billion 10 million- Zircon 4.6 billion Uranium 235 Lead 207 710 million 10 million- Uranite 4.6 billion Half-Life It is almost impossible to say when the last of the parent atoms will decay, but the time taken for half the atoms to decay is comparatively easy to predict. The half-life of a radioactive decay process is the time taken for half the original parent atoms to decay. The length of half-life is a unique feature of each decay process. The half-life of the uranium is 713 million years. This means that if an igneous rock contained 1000 atoms of U-235 when it solidified: After 713 million years, it would contain 500 atoms of U-235 and 500 atoms of the daughter element for the decay process, Pb-207. The proportion of parent atoms/daughter atoms present in an igneous rock gives the age of the rock — or the number of million years since the rock solidified 11 © ‘@) f Activity 4: Venn Diagram 1G What I Can Do Directions. Fill in the Venn diagram to show the similarities and differences between absolute dating and relative dating. Use the words inside the word pool to complete the diagram. Word Pool use of numeric value qualitative method quantitative method use the position of rocks radiometric method stratigraphic method used to tell the age of use sedimentary rocks rocks give an idea of the order of geologic events does not give the true age of rocks 14 Assessment Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the Law of Superposition? Absolute Dating . Relative Dating . Radioactive Dating . Radiometric Dating yvaow> 2. Which was the first method used to determine ages of rock and fossils? Absolute Dating . Relative Dating . Radioactive Dating . Radiometric Dating yvaow> 3. What is the difference between an absolute date and a relative date? A. An absolute date refers to a year or a range of years while a relative date indicates a chronological order. B. A relative date is derived from radiometric dating techniques while an absolute date comes from guesswork. C. A relative date refers to a year or a range of years while an absolute date indicates a chronological order. D. An absolute date involves testing of sedimentary rocks while relative date involves testing of igneous rocks. 4. What method of rock dating is used in giving rocks an actual date? Absolute Dating . Geological Dating . Historical Dating . Relative Dating yvaow> 5. Which of the following is NOT true about Relative Dating? A. quantitative method of dating principles to recognize the relative ages of rocks B. C. used to arrange geological events and the rocks they leave behind in sequence D. used stratigraphy method (oldest found at the bottom and youngest at the top) 15 Refer to the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. 10. . Which layer of the rocks follows the principle of superposition? Layer 1 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 6 DVOwP . Which layer of the rocks shows the cross-cutting relationship? Layer 1 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 6 DVOwP . Which of the following is NOT principle of Relative Dating? Superposition Floral Succession Original Horizontality Cross-cutting Relationship DVOwP . Which of the following is NOT true about Absolute Dating? It is a quantitative method of dating. It uses simple principles to recognize the relative ages of rocks. It is used to give rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of years. It uses radiometric method by radioactive decay: concept of Isotopes and concepts of half- life. 9 OWP What method of rock dating is using stratigraphy method? Absolute Dating Geological Dating Historical Dating Relative Dating OUP 16 References Centricity, accessed February 24, 2019, https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VAO1000195/centricity Companion Websites, accessed February 25, 2019, http://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195391350/student/c hapt2/Quiz/ Geological Dating, Propofs, accessed February 25,2019, http://www. proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php? title=geological-dating Kean, accessed February 25, 2019, http://www.kean.edu/~csmart/Observing/ Lectures/Homework08s.doc Layers of Rock, accessed February 24,2019, https://halletcove.weebly.com/layers-of-rock.html Quizziz, accessed February 25,2019, https:/ / quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5'70bb06788512b8d10163a2e Relative Dating, All About Creation, accessed February 24,2019, https://www.allaboutcreation .org/relative-dating-faq.html Relative vs. Absolute Dating, accessed February 24,2019, https://science.truck.com/relative-vs-absolute-dating Thompson, G.R. and Turk, J. 2012. 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