Eating Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Eating Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Eating Disorders Ch 9 Docsity.com  Two Main Types  Anorexia Nervosa  Bulimia Nervosa  Share Strong Drive to be Thin  Largely a Female Problem  Largely a Westernized Problem  Largely an Upper SES Problem  Many Die as a Result! Docsity.com Low self-esteem and high negative affect Diet is broken Dieting to feel better about self Food intake is restricted too severely Compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting) to reduce fears of weight gain (Oa Anorexia Nervosa • Two types of anorexia nervosa: – Restricting type loses weight by severely limiting the amount of food consumed – Binge-eating-purging type engages in binges (large amount of food consumed) following by purging (vomiting or use of laxatives) • Lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is less than 1% and is 10 times more frequent in women than in men Ch 9.3 Docsity.com Anorexia Nervosa • Anorexia nervosa is linked to depression • Anorexia nervosa can have severe physical effects including – Altered electrolyte levels (potassium and sodium) lead to changes in nerve and muscle function • Prognosis: 70% of anorexia nervosa patients recover Ch 9.4 Docsity.com  Causes  When Food is Restricted – We Become Preoccupied With It!  Media – Sets Impossible Idealized Images Docsity.com  Causes  Family Influences – Successful and Driven – Concerned About Appearances – Eager to Maintain Harmony – Deny or Ignore Conflicts – Lack of Open Communication Docsity.com Bulimia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa involves episodes of rapid overeating followed by purging – A binge is defined as eating an excessive amount of food within two hours – Purging refers to vomiting, laxative abuse, fasting or excessive exercise • Bulimia involves a fear of gaining weight • Prevalence of bulimia nervosa is 1-2% of the female population; only .1% of male population Ch 9.5 Docsity.com Etiology of Eating Disorders • Biological accounts of eating disorders: – Genetic • Anorexia and bulimia run in families • Twin studies show genetic contribution to anorexia and bulimia • With anorexia, evidence for linkage on chromosome 1. – Endogenous opioids may play role in bulimia – Serotonin may be deficient in bulimia: • Bulimics have less serotonin metabolites • Bulimics are less responsive to serotonin agonists • Serotonergic drugs are often effective for bulimia Ch 9.7 Docsity.com Sociocultural Influences on Eating Disorders • While cultural standards of the ideal woman have moved toward thinness, the reality is that both men and women are becoming more obese – Prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1900 – As social views of obesity become more negative, the incidence of eating disorders increases Ch 9.8 Docsity.com Eating Disorders and Cross-Cultural Influences • Eating disorders more prevalent in industrialized societies which emphasize thinness. – US, Canada, Japan, Europe • As countries become more “westernized”, eating disorders increase. • When women from countries with low prevalence rates more to countries with higher prevalence rates, prevalence increases. • Variations in assessment methods and diagnostic criteria make it difficult to be certain about differences in prevalence rates from country to country. Docsity.com Psychological Therapy for Eating Disorders • Psychological treatment of anorexia: – Short-term increases in body weight • Operant conditioning of eating can lead to short-term weight gains – Long-term maintenance of body weight gain • Not yet achieved by any treatment modality • Bulimia treatment involves cognitive behavior therapy: change thought processes that result in overeating; interpersonal therapy also effective. Ch 9.11 Docsity.com  Psychosocial Treatments  Bulimia Nervosa – Education About Eating Behavior – Scheduled Eating – Alter Thinking About Shape, Eating, and Weight  Treatment Works! Docsity.com  Psychosocial Treatments  Anorexia Nervosa – Must Restore Normal Weight! – Most Will Gain Weight (Easy) – Keeping the Weight On (Hard) – Treatment Similar to Bulimia  Treatment Can Work! Docsity.com  Rumination Disorder  Infants and Very Young  “Failure to Thrive Syndrome”  Pica  Feeding Disorder Docsity.com Are Eating Disorders a Form of Addiction? Docsity.com  Severe Craving  Loss of Control  Used to Cope With Negative Feelings  Preoccupied with Substance  Unsuccessful Attempts to Quit  Denial  Adverse Psychosocial Consequences  Co-morbidity with substance abuse Docsity.com