Understanding Eating Disorders, Obesity, and Sleep Issues: Anorexia, Bulimia, Sleep Apnea , Study notes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Understanding Eating Disorders, Obesity, and Sleep Issues: Anorexia, Bulimia, Sleep Apnea and more Study notes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 10: Eating Disorders, Obesity, and Sleep Disorders  Discuss the criteria of Anorexia Nervosa. (without desire for food) o Refusal to maintain weight at or above the minimal normal weight for one’s age and height; a weight more than 15% below the normal o Strong fear of putting on weight or becoming fat, despite being thin o A distorted body image in which one’s body—or part of one’s body—is perceived as fat, although others perceive the person as thin o In case of females who have had menarche, absence of three or more consecutive menstrual periods  Discuss the criteria of Bulimia Nervosa. (hunger) o Usually of normal weight; do not pursue the extreme thinness characteristic of anorexia o Recurrent episodes of binge eating as shown by both: o Regular inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas; or fasting or excessive exercise o A minimum average of two episodes a week of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain over a period of at least three months o Persistent over concern with the shape and weight of one’s body  Know the key difference between Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. o A: o B: have more emotional problems and lower self-esteem; accompanied by other diagnosable disorders  Identify the subtypes of Anorexia and Bulimia. o Bing-eating/purging: problems relating to impulse control…may involve substance abuse or stealing; tend to alternate between periods or rigid control and impulsive behavior o Restrictive: tend to rigidly, even obsessively, control their diet and appearance  Discuss the outcomes of those suffering with Anorexia and Bulimia. o A: dermatological problems, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, muscular weakness and abnormal bone growth; high rates of suicide o B: skin irritation, damage to taste receptors and teeth, abdominal pain, disturbed menstrual functioning, pancreatitis, bloody diarrhea and laxative dependence, potassium deficiency, muscular weakness, cardiac irregularities, even death  25-35% make suicide attempts  Know the binge eating cycle. o Closely associated with obesity, compulsive disorders and depression o Tend to be older  Know the multifactorial model of eating disorders. o Sociocultural : social expectations and peer pressure placed on women o Psychosocial : involve deeper emotional issues involving feelings of insecurity, body dissatisfaction, and use of food for emotional gratification; perfectionist attitudes o Family : refusing to eat to punish their parents for negative feelings; mothers were unhappy about the families functioning or have their own problems or regard their draughts as unattractive; family as a whole tend to be more conflicted, less cohesive, yet more overprotective and critical of one another o Biological : abnormalities in brain mechanisms, the chemical serotonin; genetic factors  What characteristics are considered universally attractive?  Discuss the findings from the Fallon and Rozin study of body size and satisfaction.  Discuss the treatment of Anorexia and Bulimia. o A: hospitalization; behavioral and psychodynamic therapy, maybe family therapy o B: cognitive-behavioral therapy; interpersonal psychotherapy; antidepressant drugs such as Prozac (decrease the urge to binge by normalizing levels of serotonin)  What percentage of American adults and children are overweight? o 120 million Americans  Discuss the ethnic and socioeconomic differences in obesity. o  Discuss the causes of obesity (lecture and textbook) o Consuming too many calories and exercising too little o Increase in food proportions and value sizes; growing suburbs and car-dependent culture o People who were fixated in the oral stage by conflicts concerning dependence and independence are likely to regress in times of stress to excessive oral activities such as overeating; low self-esteem, lack of self-efficacy expectancies, family conflicts, and negative emotions o Lower-income levels; less access to healthcare, information about nutrition and health education; turn to food in times of stress over poverty, discrimination, crowding, and crime  Discuss the ABCs of eating (textbook)  Identify and discuss the 5 types of dyssomnias. 1. Primary insomnia: chronic or persistent insomnia not caused by another psychological or physical disorder or by the effects of drugs or medications a. Persistent difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep for a month or longer b. Daytime fatigue and high levels of personal distress or difficulties performing usual social, occupational, student, or other roles, and psychological stress c. Associated with psychological factors (anxiety, worrying, stress) 2. Primary hypersomnia: pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day that continues for a month or longer a. Excessive sleepiness may take the form of difficulty awakening following a prolonged sleep period b. Pattern of daytime sleep episodes c. Cannot be accounted for by inadequate amounts of sleep during the night, by another psychological or physical disorder, or by drug or medication use 3. Narcolepsy: sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep lasting about 15 minutes