Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Water, and Sulfur, Quizzes of Biotechnology

Download Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Water, and Sulfur and more Quizzes Biotechnology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Ecosystem DEFINITION 1 includes all the organisms that live in a particular place plus the abiotic environment in which they live and interactAn ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. TERM 2 Ecosystems Ecology DEFINITION 2 concerned with the movment of energy and materials through organisms and their communities TERM 3 Biogeochemical cycles DEFINITION 3 --chemical moving though ecosystem-biotic and abiotic processesIn Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both biotic and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. TERM 4 biogeochemical cycles include DEFINITION 4 carbonwaternitrogenphosphorussulfur TERM 5 Carbon Cycle DEFINITION 5 The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. TERM 6 Photosynthesis DEFINITION 6 plants use CO2 along with H2O and sunlight to produce glucose and release oxygenC6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6COPhotosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. TERM 7 Carbon cycle DEFINITION 7 The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. TERM 8 Respiration DEFINITION 8 both plants and animals break down glucose during respiration to obtain energy. They release H2O and CO2 as waste products TERM 9 Chemical Equation for Respiration cycle DEFINITION 9 C6H12O6 + 6O2---> 6H2O + 6CO2 TERM 10 What two biogeochemical cycles form the baisis of the carbon-oxygen cycle DEFINITION 10 respiration and photosynthesis TERM 21 microbiovores DEFINITION 21 feed on bacteria and fungiamoebas and springtails TERM 22 Combustion DEFINITION 22 any burning of fossil fuels (oil coal, natrual gas wood) combustion releases the energy stored in these organic compounds and also creates a large amount of CO2 TERM 23 Over time globally the carbon cycle may proceed faster in one direction which can result in DEFINITION 23 = cause large cosequences if continued for many years=earth's present reserves of coal and other fossil fuels were built up of geological time- human burning of fossil fuels is creating large imbalances in the carbon cycle=the concentration of CO2 in the atmostphere is going to build up year by year TERM 24 Water cycle DEFINITION 24 The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. TERM 25 all life depends on what DEFINITION 25 the presence of water TERM 26 what precent of the human adult body is water DEFINITION 26 60% TERM 27 the amount of water available determines what DEFINITION 27 the nature and abundance of organisms present TERM 28 water is syntesized during what DEFINITION 28 celluar respiration TERM 29 water is broken down during DEFINITION 29 photosynthesis TERM 30 Acid rain DEFINITION 30 any form of precipitation that is unusually acidicusually around the pH of 5 TERM 31 Acid rain is caused by DEFINITION 31 nitrogen and sulfur dioxides--air polution TERM 32 what disrupts the local water cycle DEFINITION 32 deforestation--it changes in the supply of water to an which can radically alter the nature of the ecosystem-- water that falls as rain drains away after deforestation instead of being utilized in photosynthesis TERM 33 Nitrogen cycle DEFINITION 33 The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. TERM 34 Nitrogen is a component of all ______ and _______ DEFINITION 34 proteins and nucleic acids TERM 35 what element is the one usually in shortest supply DEFINITION 35 nitrogen TERM 46 Decay bacteria DEFINITION 46 release nitrogen from dead organisms and waste as ammonia=decomposition TERM 47 Nitrifying Bacteria DEFINITION 47 convert ammonia into nitrates=nitrificationNitrifying bacteria are chemoautotrophic or chemolithotrophs depending on the genera bacteria that grow by consuming inorganic nitrogen compounds. TERM 48 denitrifying bacteria DEFINITION 48 release nitrogen N2 back into air = denitrification-- occurs in oxygen poor soilsDenitrifying bacteria form a necessary part of the process known as denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle, their primary purpose being to metabolise nitrogenous compounds, with the assistance of the nitrate reductase enzyme, to turn oxides back to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxides for energy generation. TERM 49 nitrogen is a ________ because it is essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophil DEFINITION 49 limiting nutrient TERM 50 nitrogen fixation DEFINITION 50 only certian bacteria are able to convert to N2 and release ammonia NH3 or ammonium NH4+ TERM 51 Nitrification DEFINITION 51 soil bacteria convert NH3 or NH4+ into nitrate NO3- TERM 52 Assimilation DEFINITION 52 plants and animals that incorporate ammonia and NO3- TERM 53 Ammonification DEFINITION 53 conversion of organic nitrogen to NH3 and NH4 by bacteria and fungi () most common pathway for nitrogen to enter soil TERM 54 most common pathway for nitrogen to enter soil DEFINITION 54 ammonification TERM 55 denitrification DEFINITION 55 reduction of nitrate NO3- to gaseous nitrogen N2 by bacteria returns small amount of nitrogen to atmosphere TERM 56 phosphorus cycle DEFINITION 56 The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle TERM 57 Phosphorus occurs in DEFINITION 57 nucleic acids, membranes and ATP TERM 58 In what form does phosphorus exist in ecosystems DEFINITION 58 PO4 ^3- in ecosystemsNO SIGNIFICANT gas form TERM 59 Plants use what kind phosporus DEFINITION 59 free inorganic phosphhorus TERM 60 animals get their phosphorus from DEFINITION 60 eating plants