Experimental Research: Methods, Control, and Threats, Exams of Designs and Groups

Download Experimental Research: Methods, Control, and Threats and more Exams Designs and Groups in PDF only on Docsity! EDF 6437 Single Case Design Exam 1 Questions and Answers. 1. True Experimental Research - Correct answer uses experimental design to measure the effect of manipulating one variable (IV) on another variable (DV) Controlling and minimizing threats to internal validity without losing the intent of the study. 2. Independent Variable (IV) - Correct answer Particular aspect of the environment that the experimenter manipulates in order to determine its effect on behavior. 3. Empirical Research - Correct answer systematic intentional inquiry involving collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. • Data can be qualitative or quantitative• Hypothesis is posed, variables manipulated, data collected and analyzed. • Not opinion based 4. Dependent variable - Correct answer Behavior you are targeting (Outcome measure/Target Behavior) 5. How is research shared: - Correct answer Articles- Empirical Studies- Literature Reviews- Theoretical Articles-Methodological Articles-Case Studies? 6. Single Case Design - Correct answer experimental control within a single participant 7. What is an experiment? - Correct answer Method used to answer questions. • Differs from common sense and logical-based approaches• Systematic testing of assumptions 8. What is Thorndike known for - Correct answer Thorndike (1898) - Law of effect, learning of new behaviors? 9. Components of an Experiment - Correct answer Plan (method) or arranging and measuring independent/dependent variables, Results are analyzed Results are publicly reported 10.Assumptions of Experimentation - Correct answer 1. Correlation does not equal causation!!!!! 11.2. Events have identified causes. 12.3. Behavior is a function of its consequences. 13.Empiricism - Correct answer Making objective observations• Manipulating one variable at a time• Holding other variables constant• Recording findings• Replicating results P a g e 1 | 6 14.Experimental Control - Correct answer requires the experimenter to demonstrate a functional 15.Relation between behavior and environment. • It may happen naturally but experimental control is 16.Achieved when the experimenter creates the opportunity 17.For "it" to happen • A predictable change in behavior (dependent variable) • Reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of 18.Some aspect of the person's environment (independent 19.Variable 20.Establishing experimental control setting - Correct answer "Control the environment and you will see order in behavior." (Skinner, 1967, 21.p.399) - Control two sets of environmental variables to demonstrate experimental control - Independent variable 22.Presenting, withdrawing, or varying its value - Extraneous variables 23.Prevent unplanned environmental variation 24.Essentials for Experimental Control - Correct answer Internal Validity • Control of confounding variables • Manipulate the independent variable while holding other 25.Variables constant 26. Internal validity - Correct answer the extent to which an experiment shows convincingly 27.That changes in behavior are a function of the 28. Independent variable and not the results of uncontrolled 29.Or unknown variables 30.What is the goal of single case design - Correct answer the goal of single case design is to establish experimental control. 31.Functional relation - Correct answer Experimental control is established by demonstrating a functional relation. • Functional Relations are demonstrated when systematic manipulation of an independent variable results in a consistent effect on the dependent variable. • Requires at least 2 experimental manipulation 32. Introduction of an experimental article - Correct answer Topic of the Article • Defines the purpose of the research- Grab your reader and 33.Make them want to continue reading! • Rational for why the research is important • Literature Review (Bulk of section) • Specific research questions to add to knowledge P a g e 2 | 6 71.Testing effects - Correct answer changes in behavior that occur when exposed to a testing situation. 72. Instrumentation effects - Correct answer takes two forms. First in malfunctions in software and or hardware being used to record behavior might occur. Behavior being recorded by overseers can result in inaccurate representation of responding. (Observer drift) 73.Regression to the mean - Correct answer statically phenomenon in which highly unlikely outcomes occurring within a normal distribution tend not to reoccur when resampled 74.Participant selection bias - Correct answer the equivalence of people being assigned to different treatment groups 75.Selective attrition of part pants - Correct answer indivuals dropping out or being removed from a study for some systematic reason that is unrecognized by the researcher. 76. Interactions among selective attrition and other threats - Correct answer threat such as history effects or testing effects systematically influences why part pants do not complete a study. 77.Requisites for IOA - Correct answer overseers must: use the same observation code and measurement system. Observe and measure the same participants and events. Observe and record independently of one another. 78.Sensitive - Correct answer reflects subtle changes in the target response 79.Objective - Correct answer a publicly verifiable and observable measurement 80.Reliable - Correct answer consistent measurement regardless of who measured or where the behavior was measured. 81.Valid - Correct answer the correct response was pressured with an Aspirate measurement procedure. 82.Systematic replication - Correct answer researchers purposefully varies one or more aspects or earlier experiment. Can demonstrate reliability and external validity of earlier findings 83.2 forms of systematic replication - Correct answer variations in experimental preparations can be introduced within a particular experiment. Variations can occur across experiments to replicate previous experimental results or elaborate and/or refine previous research findings P a g e 5 | 6 84.demonstration experimental question - Correct answer does the IV produce a change in the DV, demstratipn of an effect or evaluation IV effects relative to baseline. 85.Comparison experimental question - Correct answer will IV1 OR IV2 alter the DV to a greater degree. 2 or more distinct environmental arrangements are studied in relation to the same set of behavior. 86.Parametric experimental question - Correct answer what effect will incremental increases in the level of the IV have on the DV. The systematic increase or decrease in the value of some dimension of the IV 87.Component experimental question. - Correct answer will removal of one element from a multicomponent intervention change the level of the DV. Necessary and sufficient parts of the treatment package. - Correct answer P a g e 6 | 6