Download Comprehensive Study Guide: Educational Psychology & Effective Classroom Strategies - Prof. and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Educational Psychology Final Study Guide 12/04/2009 I. TIER 1 POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORTS (6 questions) -Provided for everyone -Prevention oriented -75% of kids will respond well Positive Behavior Supports (PBS) o Identify positive behaviors o Provide consequences for negative behaviors o Provide support for positive behaviors Socio-Emotional Learning o Teaches broad social concepts o Deals with unseen emotions and cognitions Good Behavior Game o Creates competition among students o Goal is to behave the best o Simple, effective strategy II. STUDENT MOTIVATION (8 questions) -motivation: our willingness to accept one option out of a choice of options -early motivation assessments are good indicators of future performance -research has shown that students who may not be gifted (high I.Q.) still out perform gifted students because they have higher motivation -Success seekers are going to be more successful in the long run than failure avoiders Type A vs. Type B personality o High motivation vs. low motivation o Internally driven vs. socially exploratory Big 5 Personality Traits (O.C.E.A.N.) o O penness: appreciation for emotion, adventure, imagination, and variety o C onscientiousness: self-discipline, planned rather than spontaneous behavior o E xtraversion: energy, positive emotion, seeks stimulation and the company of others o A greeableness: compassionate and cooperative towards others; non-antagonistic o N euroticism: easily experience unpleasant emotions (anger, anxiety, depression); labeled “emotionally instable” Motivation & Behavioral Learning Theory o Behaviors that have been reinforced in the past are more likely to be exhibited in the present o Determined by many factors, both personal and situational o We are more motivated to do things we think we will be successful at, and things with high reward values Motivation & Maslow’s Hierarchy o One cannot be motivated to pursue higher order needs if his/her basic needs have not been met first Real-World ex: children that come from poor SES (socio- economic status) families have not had their basic needs met, and therefore are not motivated in academia Learned Helplessness o Expectation of failure due to previous negative or failed experiences o Reinforced by expectations other set on an individual The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: we will only perform up to the expectations that others have/we have for ourselves i.e. if a student is expected to perform poorly that student will perform poorly III. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT (5 questions) - more difficult to manage a group than an individual due to: -peer contagion Aspergers: lack theory of mind: cannot fathom that other people have views of their own o ADHD (attention defecit hyperactivity disorder) Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity More common in boys than girls o Anxiety/Depression Increased diagnosis with increase in age People become meaning-making machines, and we develop the ability to attribute experiences to positively or negatively i.e. “I failed because I’m stupid.” Vs “I failed because that test was really hard/didn’t study enough.” Anxiety is characterized by avoidance and oppositional behavior VI. BIG ISSUES FACING AMERICAN EDUCATION (8 questions) -American education system is not producing innovators -Merit-based pay: enough $ to make it possible? Failed programs: D.A.R.E. -Class size: bigger/smaller? Smaller classes are negatively correlated to better learning -Mental health: teacher/parent responsibility? Teacher should take responsibility when parents fail -Highly qualified teachers? Pros: highly qualified teacher have a lot of training Cons: highly qualified teacher may not have other aspects of teaching required, certification cannot be the only standard by which a teacher’s efficacy is examined High School Exit exams? Pros: Standardized, provides specific goals that need to be reached/learned Cons: Some students may have required knowledge, but aren’t good test takers, there is no alternative plan if not successful on the exam 12/04/2009
