Spanish Present Indicative Verbs: Conjugation and Usage, Study notes of Greek-Latin Culture

Download Spanish Present Indicative Verbs: Conjugation and Usage and more Study notes Greek-Latin Culture in PDF only on Docsity! SPN 1120 in a Nut Shell Present Indicative In Spanish there are –ar, -er, and –ir verbs. To conjugate a regular verb in the present indicative, you must first take off the -ar, -er, or –ir and add the appropriate endings. -ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs o amos o emos o imos as es es a an e en e en ** remember there are loads of irregular verbs in the present indicative. You must review these. They can be found throughout chapters 1-6 of your text*** Some key ones are: dar: to give: doy das da damos dan; ir: to go: voy vas va vamos van; estar: estoy estas está estamos están ser: soy eres es somos son; (YOGO verbs… have go in the yo form) decir: to tell: digo. Hacer: hago; tener: to have: tengo. Venir: to come: vengo Stem-changers in the Present Indicative There are three ways to stem change in Spanish. EIE, EI and OUE. Some examples are found in chapter 3 of the text. Remember, verbs do not stem-change in the nosotros form. The only stem-changer that doesn’t come under one of these is jugar which changes uue. EIE: (empezar: to begin; preferir: to prefer; entender: to understsand) Empezar: empiezo, empiezas, empieza, empezamos, empiezan Preferir: prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferimos, prefieren Entender: entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entienden EI: (seguir: to follow; reñir; to quarrel; pedir: to ask for) Seguir: sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen Reñir: riño, riñes, riñe, reñimos, riñimos Pedir: pido, pides, pide, pedimos, piden OUE: (dormir: to sleep; volver: to return) Dormir: duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen Volver: vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, vuelven Tener Expressions: These are found in chapter 2. There are some phrases that you have to remember to use tener with even though in English you would use to be. Watch out for these!!! Tener: to have…tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen. Tener calor: to be hot No tener razón: to be wrong Tener hambre: to be hungry Tener frío: to be cold Tener miedo: to be afraid Tener sed: to be thirsty Tener cuidado: to be careful Tener sueño: to be tired Tener razón: to be right Tener prisa: to be in a hurry Estar vs. Ser: These are found in chapter 3. Both of these verbs mean “to be”, but there are different contexts in which these are used. Estar: estoy estas está estamos están. (Location, temporary conditions, emotions, unusual description, present progressive::: estar + -ando, -iendo: estoy jugando: I am playing; estás comiendo: You are eating) Ser: soy eres es somos son. (Time, date, descriptions, inherent conditions, origin, religion, location of events) Conocer vs. Saber: These are found in chapter 4. Both of these verbs mean “to know”, but there are different contexts in which they are used. Remember that you must use the personal “a” with conocer if one is knowing a person. Conocer: conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocen (to know or be familiar with a person, place or thing) Conozco a Luis. I know Luis. Conocemos Paris. We are familiar with Paris. Saber: sé sabes sabe sabemos saben (to know information and to know how to do something ) Sé que dos más dos son cuatro. I know that 2 + 2 is 4. Sabes bailar bien. You know how to dance well. Formal Commands: Chapter 4. You use formal commands when giving a command to someone with whom you would use Ud. To form the formal command, you put the verb in the yo form, take off the –o, and add the endings below. If the command is to more than one person, remember to add an –n. -ar -er/-ir e emos a amos es as e en a an ¡Hable más alto! Talk louder! ¡Tengan cuidado! Be careful ¡Pida la cuenta! Ask for the check! ***Don’t forget those verbs that end in –CAR, -GAR, and –ZAR. These have the same endings but, the –CAR verb changes to –QU, the –GAR verb changes to –GU and the –ZAR verb changes to –C. ¡Lleguen temprano a clase! Arrive early to class. ¡Empiece la lección! Begin the lesson. ¡Toque la guitarra ahora! Play the guitar now! Reflexive Verbs: Chapter 5. Reflexive verbs are those that have the same person doing and receiving the action. (I shave my legs… the person shaving is the same person being shaved.) The reflexive pronoun always matches the subject of the sentence and the conjugation of the verb. The pronoun must go before the conjugated verb, attached to the infinitive, attached to the present progressive (estar + -ando, -iendo), attached to the positive formal command or before the negative formal command. Reflexive Pronouns Common Reflexive Verbs and examples Me Nos afeitarse, bañarse, mirarse, peinarse Te Me afeito cada mañana. Nos miramos en el espejo. Se Se ¿Te bañas cada mañana? Se peina el pelo. Direct Objects: Chapter 4. Remember the direct object answers the question who or what. For example… in English to find the direct object in the sentence: I buy the car. I buy what??? The car. The Car is the direct object. En español: Compro el carro. El carro is still the DO. So, in order to say I buy it, you say Lo compro. The placement of the DO pronouns are the same as for reflexive pronouns. **Remember that you cannot have both the DO pronoun and the DO in the same sentence. Direct Object Pronouns Me  me Nos  us Te  you Lo/La  him/ her/ It/ You form. Los/ las  them, you all form.