EMOTION IN A PSYCHOLOGY, Slides of Social Psychology of Emotion

Download EMOTION IN A PSYCHOLOGY and more Slides Social Psychology of Emotion in PDF only on Docsity! Emotion Naveen Kashyap, PhD Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Email: naveen.kashyap@iitg.ac.in DEJECTION “You MEAN Your BIG simE 1s BOTIZO-UP AGGRESSION? Mine % BoTTLEO-ue PosTINTY.” OMv30216 Emotion  REVIEW TAB = = sneer eens varennnes Foes en seas sere Eeers 555056 SKESEESE SU St ESTESSEEEES AY person’ s assessrmrmeoeme oF tre persomai rmreoamims oFf HRhis Or RMer Cisrremt CirPCitisrYi— stances The affective strate or Fee ti—_ ims tome that Coror|} privat} ex perionrc— tWrses to thmimkK oT act Ppartictutar im ways PrysiocoioLs+icati rel] SporseS=|, particutariy Tros—} Pmvotwv— ims THE ABSwutomorriioQqga moervousS systerm such as ChramSsoe=s im heart rate ama sweat LSiamdc activity Miurscieae cComtractioms tmat move facial tamdcdrrmrarksS> like cheeks, lips, moses, and brow => imtoo particrurtar comtftisturatioms Hiocow peoptico restitate, react to, or cope withm their ovnm eaermmootionm or the Sitesatiom tmat traiscsceredcdi 1 Components of Emotion • Emotions are distinct from moods in several ways: –Emotions tend to have a clear cause, are typically brief, and implicate multiple component systems –In research there is much interest in the detailed nature of components of emotion, and the mechanisms by which they influence each other Theories of Emotion The Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories – which comes first, action or feelings Cannon-Bard theory – suggests that various emotion provoking events induce simultaneously, the subjective experiences we label as emotions and the physiological reactions that accompany them. James-Lange theory – suggests that subjective emotional experiences are actually the result of physiological changes within our bodies - facial feedback hypothesis – suggests that changes in our facial expressions produces shifts in our experienced emotions rather than merely reflecting them - In addition research suggests that changing our bodily postures or even the tone of our voice may influence emotional experiences Theories of Emotion Schachter and Singer’s Two-Factor theory – Emotion provoking events produce increased arousal. In response to these feelings we then search the external environment in order to identify the causes behind them. The factors we then select play a key role in determining the label we place on our arousal and so in determining the emotions we experience Opponent process theory – the theory suggest that 1) an emotional reaction to a stimulus is followed automatically by an opposite reaction 2) repeated exposure to a stimulus causes the initial reaction to weaken and the opponent process, or opposite reaction to strengthen Cognitive Appraisal & Emotion • Cognitive appraisal –It is the interpretation of the personal meaning of current circumstances (person-environment relationship) that results in emotion –Cognitive appraisal is largely responsible for differentiating emotions Discovery of appraisals Two-factor theory of emotions – emotions are the result of a combination of an initial state of unexplained arousal & cognitive appraisal for that arousal – mixed support Misattribution of arousal – physiological arousal can be erroneously attributed to subsequent event Cognitive Appraisal & Emotion • Themes & dimensions of appraisals –People’s appraisals of situations lead to subjective experience of emotions, associated arousal & other components of emotional response •Minimalist appraisal theories – reduce number of appraisal dimensions to a minimum, often based on fundamental themes – emphasises importance of emotion-specific core relational themes (e.g. irrevocable loss for sadness) Cognitive Appraisal & Emotion • Conscious & unconscious appraisals –Appraisals can occur at unconscious levels – people experience emotion without understanding why –Cognitive appraisals in emotion processes similar to other types of cognition - resulting in part from automatic processing & in part from controlled processing Appraisals in the brain Amygdala (in the lower brain) – key role in automatic appraisals which supports idea of appraisals occurring both unconsciously & consciously Subjective Experiences & Emotion • Subjective experience of emotion – This feeling component is, by definition, within awareness –One output of the appraisal process is change in subjective experience • Feelings modify attention & learning –Current feelings direct attention to events that match our feelings, as a result we learn more about those events – Feelings influence which memories are more accessible & those memories influence what is easy to learn at the moment Table 172 Emotions and their associated thought—action tendencies Tweve emotons anc the urges they spark. (fter Fredrickson, 1998, 2OO2; Fredrickson & Branigan, 2001; Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 19971b) eamotrion Thought—action tencency Avrgper Attack Fear Escape Disgust Expel Cauilt Make annends Shane Disappear Sadness With reac Hoy Plas Interest Explore Contentment Savor and integrate Pride Dream big Gratitude Be prosocial Elevation Become a better person Bodily Changes & Emotion • Bodily changes & emotion – Intense negative emotions involve physiological arousal caused by activation of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system –Positive emotions have undoing effect on lingering arousal from negative emotions • Intensity of emotions –People with spinal chord injuries (limit feedback from autonomic nervous system) report less intense emotions –Visceral perception plays a role in intensity of emotions Bodily Changes & Emotion • Differentiation of emotions – James-Lange theory holds that autonomic arousal differentiates the emotions • Emotion regulation –Refers to people’s responses to their own emotions – Sometimes people have goal of intensifying emotion while other times people want to minimise emotion – ability to do so predicts social success – Suppressing facial expression increases autonomic arousal & amygdala activation, & also impairs memory Responses to Emotion: Emotion Regulation • People develop different strategies to control/regulate emotions Responses to Emotion: Emotion Regulation