EMR WRITTEN EXAM 3 2024 WITH (NEW VERSIONS A, B, & C), Exams of Nursing

Download EMR WRITTEN EXAM 3 2024 WITH (NEW VERSIONS A, B, & C) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e EMR WRITTEN EXAM 3 2024 WITH (NEW VERSIONS A, B, & C) WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS BY EXPERTS | FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+ |NEWEST |LATEST UPDATE| GUARANTEED PASS Avulsion You arrive at the scene of an emergency which a man caught his hand in the blades of a lawnmower. Two of his fingers are completely severed, and a third finger is partially severed and is hanging loosely. You should identify the partially severed finger as which of the following? Crush injury Amputation Avulsion Laceration Any chemical substance or material that can pose a threat to the health, safety or property of an individual The term hazardous materials refers to which of the following? The degree which a substance may ignite a fire Any chemical substance or material that can pose a threat to the health, safety or property of an individual The possibility of a reaction if a substance is exposed to another substance The probability the substance is poisonous Hot zone Another name for the exclusion zone is: Contamination reduction zone Hot zone Support zone Cold zone Give the patient a drink 2 | P a g e Which of the following should you not do for a person experiencing shock? Take steps to minimize blood loss Administer emergency oxygen, if available Cover patient with a blanket Give the patient a drink Standard Precautions Which of the following considers all body fluids, secretions, excretions as being potentially infective? Exposure control plan Body Substance Isolation (BSI) Procedures Standard Precautions Universal Precautions Remove any excess blankets or clothing Which of the following is most appropriate to help a child with a high fever? Rub the skin vigorously with rubbing alcohol Place the child in a bathtub of ice water Sponge the child down with cold tap water Remove any excess blankets or clothing The force exerted against the arteries when the heart is between contractions A patient's diastolic blood pressure reflects: The appearance of the sound with the release of the air from the bulb The force of the venous walls with heart contractions Occlusion of the pulse with compression of the brachial artery The force exerted against the arteries when the heart is between contractions Standard of care As an emergency medical responder (EMR), you are expected to provide care based on a specific criteria. This is known as - Good faith action Scope of practice Duty to act Standard of care You hear and feel air coming out of the patient's nose and mouth Which of the following should you interpret that a patient's airway is open and clear? The patient's chest rises, but does not fall You hear and feel air coming out of the patient's nose and mouth The patient is unable to speak The patient has a weak, high pitched cough 5 | P a g e You need to manually stabilize a patient's head and neck. The patient's head is turned sharply to the right. Which of the following should you do? Ensure the head is facing forward Support the head and neck in the position found Place one hand on the side of the patient's head Apply a cervical collar Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) Which of the following is the most common heart rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest? Atrial fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) Sinus rhythm Moving the patient out of the heat You are providing care to a patient with exercise-associated muscle cramps. Which of the following is the first priority? Forcing fluid at frequent intervals Applying wet, cool cloths to the cramping area Moving the patient out of the heat Reducing the cramps with vigorous exercise Foul, acrid odor Which of the following would lead you to suspect that hazardous materials are most likely involved? Broken glass bottles Downed utility lines Mist Foul, acrid odor Occlusive dressing A patient has an open abdominal wound. You should apply which type of dressing? Adhesive compress Trauma dressing Roller bandage Occlusive dressing Crush injury You arrive at the scene of a collapsed building. One of the workers is trapped in the debris. The worker's right leg is caught between 2 large pieces of cinder block. You should identify and document this as which type of the following injuries? Avulsion Amputation Crush injury Puncture wound 6 | P a g e Rapid pulse Which of the following alerts you to the possibility that a patient is experiencing an overdose of a stimulant? Sudden mood changes Drowsiness Rapid pulse Slurred speech Clear, slow, calm explanations are important Which of the following is most appropriate to remember when assessing and providing emergency care to an older adult? Significant pressure is needed when giving ventilations Clear, slow, calm explanations are important The older adults skin requires less gentle handling because it toughens with aging Dentures rarely interferes with maintaining an open airway Identify yourself When communicating with medical control, which of the following should you do first? Give the patient chief complaint Identify yourself Report the patient's mental status Inform the physician of any changes in the patient's condition DuoDote You are responding to an incident in which a nerve agent may be involved. Which of the following equipment is the most important to have readily available? DuoDote Self-containing Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) N95 mask Hazardous material (HAZMAT) suit Explosion Which of the following is an example of a Mechanism of Injury (MOI) ? Explosion Difficulty breathing Shock Abdominal pain Contractions are about 2 minutes apart Which of the following would lead you to believe birth is imminent? The woman reports no urge to push Contractions are about 5 minutes apart 7 | P a g e Contractions are about 2 minutes apart The woman's abdomen is soft and relaxed Medial Any body part that is toward the midline of the body is called - Proximal Lateral Medial Inferior Cooling the burned area You are providing care to a patient with a thermal burn injury. The patient has been removed from the source of the burn. You prepare to act, focusing on which of the following as a priority? Maintain normal body temperature Cover the burned area Minimize shock Cooling the burned area Speak directly to the patient When dealing with a patient experiencing a behavioral emergency, which of the following is most important to establish rapport? Tell the patient everything is fine Touch the patient on the shoulder Avoid making direct eye contact Speak directly to the patient Place your hands on both sides of the patient's head You suspect a patient has a head and neck injury. The patient is lying on his back and you determine that you need to perform manual stabilization. Which of the following should you do first? Place your hands on both sides of the patient's head Apply a cervical coller (C-collar) Maintain the patient's airway Position the head in line with the body Brachial When placing a blood pressure cuff on a patient's arm, ensure the bladder is centered over which artery? Radial Brachial Ulnar Femoral Replace the cylinder with a new one 10 | P a g e It is possible to safely apply direct pressure over the wound An entrapped limb makes it impossible to apply direct pressure over the wound A scene is unsafe Clavicle A patient has sustained a broken clavicle. You would identify this bone as which of the following? Scapula Clavicle Patella Femur Paramedic (EMT-P) What type of emergency medical system provider has the most in-depth amount of training? Paramedic (EMT-P) Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) Stair chair A patient lives on the fourth floor of an apartment complex and needs to be moved to the emergency vehicle. There is no elevator in the building and the stairs are narrow. Which of the following devices is most appropriate to use? Short backboard Scoop stretcher Stair chair Wheeled stretcher Damaged vehicle on the side of the road You arrive at the scene of an emergency and are sizing up the scene. Which of the following would you identify as being the least hazardous? Damaged vehicle on the side of the road Downed electrical line Broken glass in large and small pieces Smell of gasoline "I drank a glass of juice about 3 hours ago." You are obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient experiencing abdominal pain. Which statement correlates to the "L" in SAMPLE history? "I was treated for an ulcer last year." "I drank a glass of juice about 3 hours ago." "The pain has gotten worse since this afternoon." "I take an antacid occasionally." 11 | P a g e Act in good faith within the scope of their training Good Samaritan Laws generally protect people from legal liability when providing care in an emergency, if they do which of the following? Obtain verbal consent Offer help with the hopes of being reimbursed for their services Tell the patient they have a reasonable level of skill Act in good faith within the scope of their training Summon more advanced medical personnel A patient has an open wound with several organs protruding through the wound. Which of the following should you do first?Position the patient on his or her back with the knees bent Summon more advanced medical personnel Apply moist clean dressings loosely around the wound Remove clothing from around the wound Reduced ability to hear high-frequency sounds Which of the following changes is considered a normal age-related change in an older adult? Reduced ability to hear high-frequency sounds Enhanced sense of smell Diminished stiffening of the blood vessels Widening of the aortic valve Call for more trained personnel and do not approach the scene When responding to an emergency situation where the person is threatening suicide, which of the following is most appropriate? Deny the person wants to commit suicide Call for more trained personnel and do not approach the scene Call the patient's bluff about actually completing the attempt Tell the patient he or she is too scared to commit suicide Gently lower the patient to a firm, flat surface You are attempting to dislodge a foreign body from a conscious patient who is choking. The patient becomes unconscious. Which of the following should you do next? Perform a finger sweep Gently lower the patient to a firm, flat surface Open the patient's mouth Give 2 ventilations Have the woman assume a knee to chest position You are providing care for a woman in labor. As you inspect the area, you notice the baby's head is crowning, but there is a rope like tissue coming from the vaginal opening. Which of the following should you do immediately?Massage the abdomen gently Insert your gloved index and middle fingers in a "v" shape in the vaginal opening 12 | P a g e Have the woman assume a knee to chest position Refrain from touching or pulling on the baby Ensure your safety and the safety of bystanders You arrive at the scene of an emergency. Which of the following should you do first? Determine any life threatening conditions Approach the patient carefully Summon more advanced medical personnel Ensure your safety and the safety of bystanders Sporadic in nature You suspect a woman is experiencing Braxton-Hicks contractions when the contractions are -Occurring at regular intervals Sporadic in nature Occurring with increasing frequency Increasing in intensity On their back, with their knees slightly bent For a patient with a closed abdominal injury, position the patient - On their back, with their knees slightly bent On their side, with their arms flexed On the right side, with the left leg elevated Sitting up, leaning forward Disposable gloves You are providing care to a patient at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. The patient has a cut on his arm that is bleeding. You observe the bleeding is a steady stream oozing from the wound. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is the most important to use? Gown Safety goggles Disposable gloves Mask Follow standard precautions You are preparing to apply a splint to an open fracture of an extremity. The wound is oozing blood. Which of the following should you do first? Control the bleeding Check the patient's range of motion compared to the other side Follow standard precautions Attempt to straighten the extremity Maintain an open airway 15 | P a g e Which of the following is your first priority when caring for a child whom you suspect may have been abused? Reporting your findings to the proper authorities Confronting the child's caretaker Notifying local law enforcement Caring for the child's injuries Apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion When suctioning the mouth of a patient, which of the following is the most appropriate action? Suction for at least 20 seconds at a time Insert the suction tip as far back into the throat as possible Apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion Measure the distance from the patient's earlobe to the tip of the nose Provide basic emergency care As an Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), you should be able to: Insert intravenous devices Assess electrocardiograms (ECGs) Provide basic emergency care Perform advanced airway procedures "Why did you make that face?" While interviewing a patient, you observe the patient grimace and hold her abdomen as she attempts to change her position. Which of the following questions is least appropriate? "Why did you make that face?" "Are you having pain in your belly?" "Does your abdomen feel strange?" "Are you feeling uncomfortable?" All team members should be trained in the proper techniques Which of the following statements best reflects the principles of moving patients? It is acceptable if the patient is injured in the process of being moved as long as the responders are not injured If the patient is conscious, do not explain what you are doing or what you are about to do, because you do not want to cause them to panic There are a number of different ways to move a patient to safety but only one is best All team members should be trained in the proper techniques Steady flowing Which of the following describes venous bleeding? Spurting from a wound Bright red color 16 | P a g e Inability to clot easily Steady flowing Children's bodies can compensate for some of the factors that lead to shock Which of the following most accurately describes shock in children? Children's bodies can compensate for some of the factors that lead to shock Children are less susceptible to the development of shock than adults Hypovolemic shock requires a larger amount of blood loss in children Early signs of shock occur sooner than usual because of their small size Tachy- You check a patient's pulse and find it to be very fast. Which of the following prefixes is appropriate to describe this? Hyper- Hypo- Brady- Tachy- Check the cylinder label and markings You are preparing to administer supplemental oxygen to a patient using a variable-flow-rate system. Which of the following should you do first? Clear the valve Check the cylinder label and markings Open the cylinder counterclockwise 1 full turn Attach the regulator Emergency Response Guidebook You have been selected to assist in a presentation about hazardous materials (HAZMAT) to a local group of EMRs. In preparation, you research information about identifying and properly handling hazardous materials. Which of the following would be your best source? Emergency Response Guidebook National Fire Protection Association guidelines Safety Data Sheets National Poison Helpline Use verbal expressions instead of emotions When providing care to a child with autism, which of the following is most important to remember? Use touch to communicate with the child Tell the child to look directly at you Expect the child to exhibit age-appropriate behavior Use verbal expressions instead of emotions alert and responds appropriately to verbal stimuli 17 | P a g e You classify a patient as "delayed care" if the patient is is unconscious responds inappropriately to verbal stimuli responds only to painful stimuli alert and responds appropriately to verbal stimuli It is a comprehensive framework that outlines the structures for response activities for command and management Which statement describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)? It is a comprehensive framework that outlines the structures for response activities for command and management It is responsible for bringing together facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures and communications within a single organizational structure It is structured in 5 functional areas, including command, operations, planning, logistics and administration It coordinates the response to and recovery from disasters in the US when those disasters overwhelm local and state resources Generalized edema You are called to the home of a patient who is receiving dialysis for renal failure. The patient has delayed their dialysis for several days. Which of the following might you find in your assessment? Hypotension Cold clammy skin Tachycardia Generalized edema 15 - 20 grams of sugar, preferably in the form of glucose tablets You are caring for a patient with a history of diabetes. The patient is awake but has cool, pale and sweaty skin. The patient's home glucometer shows a low blood glucose level. The patient is able to follow simple commands and can safely swallow. You should give this patient: 15 - 20 grams of sugar, preferably in the form of glucose tablets A glass of water A diet soda A teaspoon of honey The onset of symptoms started about an hour ago You are assessing an older adult for signs and symptoms of a stroke using the FAST mnemonic. Which findings reflect the "T"? The patient can repeat words clearly and correctly Drooling was observed from outside the patient's mouth The onset of symptoms started about an hour ago The patient is unable to keep the left arm raised Every 5 minutes 20 | P a g e You suspect a patient has a head, neck or spinal injury, but needs to be moved. Which technique is most appropriate to use? Firefighter Drag Shoulder Drag Blanket Drag Ankle Drag Immune System Which of the following body systems is responsible for fighting disease? Endocrine system Respiratory system Digestive system Immune system 15 LPM You are using a fixed-flow-rate oxygen system. You understand that most of these systems are set to administer oxygen at a flow rate of how many liters per minute? 10 LPM 4 LPM 2 LPM 15 LPM Bradycardia You are called to a home of a patient with renal failure who is receiving dialysis at his home. When assessing this patient, which of the following would you LEAST likely identify as a possible complication? Hypotension Bradycardia Hypovolemia Air embolism If fluid or vomit is in an unresponsive stroke victim's mouth, position him or her on their side to allow any fluids to drain out of the mouth Which of the following is most appropriate when assessing and providing care for a patient who has had a stroke? Try to get the patient to speak to you as much as possible If the patient is unconscious, place them in a supine position If fluid or vomit is in an unresponsive stroke victim's mouth, position him or her on their side to allow any fluids to drain out of the mouth Use a finger sweep on a conscious victim who vomited during the stroke Flush your eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irrigant for 20 minutes 21 | P a g e While providing care to a patient, some of the patient's body fluids inadvertently splash into your eyes. Which of the following should you do first? Flush your eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irrigant for 20 minutes Rinse your eyes with a disinfectant solution Apply an antibiotic ointment Wash your face with soap and water Airway and breathing problems Cardiac arrest in children most commonly results from which of the following? Myocardial infarction Airway and breathing problems Coronary heart disease Stroke Extrication The safe and appropriate removal of a patient trapped in a motor vehicle or dangerous situation is - Complex access Cribbing Chocking Extrication Thrusting the lower jaw upward without moving the head or neck Which of the following is most appropriate when performing the jaw thrust manuever (without head extension) to open the airway? Maintaining pressure on the forehead Lifting the chin in an upward motion Thrusting the lower jaw upward without moving the head or neck Titling the head back Confined space A person is trapped in a farm silo. This situation is considered which of the following? Confined space Cave-in High angle situation Hazardous terrain Introduce yourself to the patient and the daughter You arrive at the scene of an emergency involving an older adult who has fallen in the kitchen. The daughter is also in the kitchen. The patient is alert and breathing but complaining of pain in the left hip. Which of the following should you do first? Introduce yourself to the patient and the daughter Call the patient by her first name Ask the daughter what happened Tell the patient she has probably fractured her hip 22 | P a g e Myocardial infarction (MI) Another term to denote a heart attack is - Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) Acute coronary syndrome Myocardial infarction (MI) Hypertension Diaphragm Which of the following structures separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? Diaphragm Bladder Lungs Rib cage Take care not to disturb any items at the scene unless emergency medical care requires it You arrive at the scene of a bank robbery where one of the security guards was shot in the chest. The scene has been secured by law enforcement. Which of the following is appropriate when providing care to the patient? Have law enforcement clean up any blood around the patient Obtain immediate access to the patient upon arrival Assume control of the situation once you arrive Take care not to disturb any items at the scene unless emergency medical care requires it Incident Command System (ICS) To manage an emergency situation and provide appropriate care, a/an ______________________ must be established, organizing who is responsible for overall direction, the roles of other participants and the resources required. National Response Framework (NRF) National Incident Management System Incident Command System (ICS) Triage system B. provide basic emergency care As an EMR, you should be able to A. perform advanced airway procedures B. provide basic emergency care C. assess electrocardiograms D. insert intraveneous (IV) devises B. making sure that the scene is safe Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency, which of the following is your first responsibility as an EMR? 25 | P a g e C. axial D. coronal D. kidneys Which of the following is least likely considered a vital organ? A. heart B. brain C. lungs D. kidneys B. diaphragm Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? A. rib cage B. diaphragm C. lungs D. bladder C. skin Which organ is considered to be the largest body organ? A. skeleton B. alimentary tract C. skin D. liver D. a patient who was painting a house and has fallen off a ladder onto the grass Which situation is least likely to warrant moving a patient? A. a patient who has collapsed inside the doorway of a burning building. B. an unconscious patient who is blocking your access to another severely injured patient C. a patient involved in a motor-vehicle collision lying next to the vehicle that is smoking D. a patient who was painting a house and has fallen off a ladder onto the grass D. the power grip allows for maximum hand stability and strength Which of the following statements best reflects the principles of moving patients? A. the squat lift is preferred over the power lift when moving a patient B. reaching over a distance of 10 inches should be avoided C. you should pull rather than push whenever possible D. the power grip allows for maximum hand stability and strength A. blanket drag 26 | P a g e You suspect that your patient has a head, neck, or spinal injury, but needs to be moved. Which technique is most appropriate to use? A. blanket drag B. firefighter's drag C. shoulder drag D. ankle drag A. explosion Which of the following is an example of mechanism of injury? A. explosion B. abdominal pain C. difficulty breathing D. shock C. foul, acrid odor Which of the following would lead you to suspect that hazardous materials are most likely involved? A. downed utility lines B. mist C. foul, acrid odor D. broken glass bottles D. hazardous materials You are approaching the scene of an emergency and notice a strange odor and a large cloud of gas in the area of the emergency, You would suspect which of the following? A. explosion B. chocking C. penetrating trauma D. hazardous materials D. every 5 minutes You are providing care to a patient and your assessment reveals that the patient is unstable. As a general rule, you should continue to reassess the patient at which frequency? A. every 10 minutes B. every 20 minutes C. every 15 minutes D. every 5 minutes C. size-up the scene 27 | P a g e When providing care during an emergency, which of the following should you do first? A. check for responsiveness B. perform a primary assessment C. size-up the scene D. summon more advanced medical personnel C. obtain consent from the victim to provide care You are providing care to a victim who has fallen from a 6-foot ladder. The victim is conscious. Which of the following should you do first? A. ask the victim what happened when he or she fell B. check the victim's pulse C. obtain consent from the victim to provide care D. question the victim about any complaint of pain D. a victim with an open leg wound with the bone protruding For which of the following should you summon more advanced medical personnel? A. a victim with a minor cut B. a victim with an airway obstruction who is forcefully coughing C. a victim with intermittent abdominal pressure D. a victim with an open leg wound with a bone protruding D. give 2 initial ventilations You notice an unconscious adult who was pulled from the water is taking infrequent gasps when you are checking for breathing and a pulse. Which of the following should you do next? A. begin CPR B. check for severe bleeding C. continue to monitor the victim's breathing closely D. give 2 initial ventilations A. check for responsiveness When performing a primary assessment, you size-up the scene. Which of the following would you do next? A. Check for responsiveness B. summon more advanced medical personnel C. open the victim's airway D. check for breathing and a pulse C. identify changes in the patient's condition 30 | P a g e C. 20 seconds D. 10 seconds D. alert LOC When should you not consider the use of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? A. unresponsiveness B. no oral trauma C. no gag reflex D. alert LOC C. gently lower the patient to the ground You are attempting to dislodge a foreign body from a conscious patient who is choking. The patient then becomes unconscious. Which of the following should you do next? A. attempt to reopen the airway B. open the mouth C. gently lower the patient to the ground D. perform a finger sweep B. apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion When suctioning the mouth of a patient, which of the following is the most appropriate action? A. suction for at least 20 seconds each time B. apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion C. measure the distance from the patient's earlobe to the tip of the nose D. insert the suction tip as far back into the throat as possible D. replace the cylinder with a new one The pressure gauge on an oxygen cylinder reads 200 pounds per square inch (psi). Which action is most appropriate? A. attach the flowmeter B. change the O-ring gasket C. lubricate the connection sites D. replace the cylinder with a new one D. the flow rate can be adjusted for use with different delivery devices Which statement most accurately reflects a variable-flow-rate oxygen system? A. the flow rate has a high or low setting B. it is less practical than other types of systems C. the system is already pre-assembled D. the flow rate can be adjusted for use with different delivery devices 31 | P a g e B. nasal cannula You are preparing to administer emergency oxygen to a patient. Your assessment reveals that the patient has a nasal injury. Which delivery device is least appropriate to use for this patient? A. BVM B. nasal cannula C. resuscitation D. non-rebreather mask C. two rescuers should be present to operate the BVM Which of the following statements about bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs) is most accurate? A. BVMs are readily available at most emergency scenes B. monitoring the patient for full exhalation rarely is required C. two rescuers should be present to operate the BVM D. BVMs allow easy coordination with chest comressions C. 3 seconds You are preparing to give ventilations to a 5-year-old boy using a resuscitation mask. You plan to give 1 ventilation about every A. 1 second B. 2 seconds C. 3 seconds D. 5 seconds D. seal the mask You are positioned above the child's head and are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask, which of the following should you do next? A. blow into the mask B. lower the mask over the mouth C. open the airway D. seal the mask D. myocardial infarction (MI) Another term used to denote a heart attack is A. ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) B. hypertension C. acute coronary syndrome D. myocardial infarction (MI) A. repiratory emergencies 32 | P a g e Cardiac arrest in children most commonly results from which of the following? A. respiratory emergencies B. underlying heart disease C. blow to the chest D. multiple trauma D. V-fib Which of the following is the most common heart attack rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest? A. artial fibrillation B. normal sinus rhythm C. ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) D. V-fib D. tell everyone to stand clear of the patient An AED has indicated that a shock should be given. Which of the following would be appropriate? A. apply new electrode pads to the patient's chest B. begin chest compressions immediately C. cover the electrode pads with a blanket D. tell everyone to stand clear of the patient A. apply the pads to the chest, making sure to avoid jewelry You are about to apply the pads of an AED to a patient's chest when you notice that the patient has several body piercings with jewelry on his chest. Which of the following would you do? A. apply the pads to the chest, making sure to avoid jewelry B. Remove the body piercing jewelry before applying the pads C. use one pad, applying it directly over the jewelry D. wipe the chest, including the jewelry, with alcohol B. begin giving ventilations to the patient You are performing CPR on a patient when a second responder arrives. Which of the following would be the most appropriate for the second rescuer to do when they first arrive? A. call for a change in position to assist with CPR B. begin giving ventilations to the patient C. check to see if more advanced medical personnel have been called D. have the first rescuer stop CPR to allow for patient assessment D. about 2 inches As the only rescuer on the scene, you are performing CPR on an adult. When performing chest compressions, how deeply should you compress the chest? 35 | P a g e Place your hands on both sides of the patient's head. You suspect that a patient has a head and neck injury. The patient is lying on his back, and you determine that you need to perform manual stabilization. Which of the following should you do first? Sporadic in nature You suspect that a pregnant woman is experiencing Braxton-Hicks contractions when the contractions are... Have the woman assume a knee-chest position You are providing care to a pregnant woman in labor. As you inspect the area, you notice that the baby's head is crowning but there is a small loop of rope-like tissue coming out of the vaginal opening. Which of the following should you do immediately? Remove any excess clothing or blankets Which of the following is the most appropriate to do to help cool a child with a high fever? Clear, slow, calm explanations are important Which of the following is the most appropriate to remember when assessing and providing emergency care to an older adult? Use verbal explanations of emotions When providing care to a child with autism, which of the following is the most appropriate? A patient experiencing chest pain Which emergency situation is least likely to require air medical transport? Extrication The safe and appropriate removal of a patient trapped in a motor-vehicle or dangerous situation is called... The possible risk to health, safety or property if the substance is not contained The term "Hazardous material (HAZMAT)" refers to which of the following? An incident command system (ICS) Which of the following is used to manage an emergency situation and provide appropriate care? Nerve agent You are preparing to use the DuoDote antidote kit based on the understanding that the patient has been exposed to which of the following? It is a comprehensive framework that outlines the structures for response activities for command and management Which statement best describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)? 36 | P a g e Confined space A person is trapped in a farm silo. This situation is considered which of the following? Early recognition and access to the EMS system What is the first step of the Cardiac Chain of Survival? Summon more advanced medical personnel You are providing care to a victim having a heart attack. WHich of the following would you do first? Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions To ensure effective chest compressions during CPR, which of the following is most appropriate? CPR breathing barriers Which of the following is most essential to use when giving ventilations to protect you and the victim from disease transmission? Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythym Once you have turned on the AED, you should: 100+ When compressing a child's chest during CPR, you should compress at a rate of at least how many compressions per minute? Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other, such as with a small child or infant, you should: Positioning the infant so the head is lower than the chest When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, which of the following is most appropriate? One hand on the forehead and two or three fingers on the center of the chest WHere should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR? 15 chest compressions and 2 ventillations The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is: Ensure that the victim is on a firm, flat surface You are providing care to a restaurant patron who started choking on some food. The victim is unconscious. Which of the following should you do first? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult, where should you position your fist? EMS System 37 | P a g e A network of resources to provide emergency care and transport victims of sudden illness and injury Enhanced 911 System Allows caller to be identified by the dispatch system by providing the callers phone numbers and address from which they are calling Seven Levels of EMS training 1. Emergency Medical Responder (DOTrans, Basic, Advanced) 2. EMT Basic 3. AEMT (Advanced EMT) 4. Intermediate 85,99 5. EMT Paramedic 6. Critical Care Paramedic 7. TEMS (Tactical EMS) Five Roles / Responsibilities of the EMR 1. Personal Health and Safety 2. Caring Attitude, Maintaining Composure 3. Neat, Clean, and Professional Appearance 4. Keep Up to Date knowledge and skills 5. Put Patients needs as a priority Eustress Good Stress Distress Bad Stress Five Common Causes of Stress mass casualty violence amputations death Pediatric patients Five Stages of the Grieving Process 1. Denial (Disbelief) 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance Five Signs of Stress 40 | P a g e Skeletal Gives the Body its shape protects vital internal organs Axial Skull only movable bone is the mandible Muscular Gives the Body shape Protects interal organs provides for movement Muscles are Voluntary (cardiac is involuntary) Respiratory Delivers oxgen to the body removes carbon Circulatory Delivers oxgen and nutrients to the tissues and removes waste products from the tissues Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System Does not regenerate when injured Skin Protects the body from the environment, bacteria and other organisms regulates temperature and prevents dehydration Senses heat/cold touch pressure and pain transmits to the brain and spinal cord The Breathing Process Trachea to Bronchiole Tubes to Bronchiole to Alevoli Body Mechanics The proper use of the body to facial lifting and moving to prevent injury Rules of Body Mechanics to prevent Injury weight of patient and need for help know your physical ability and limitations lift without twisting and feet properly communicate clearly with partner 41 | P a g e Reasons for using an Emergency Move immediate danger to the patient if not moved life saving care cant be given further injury is potential Lifting techniques The Firefighter's Carry Blanket Lift Drag Direct Ground Lift Chair Lift (Extremity Lift) Recovery Position Left Side Unresponsive without trauma Right Side Unresponsive without drama Allow the patient to assume a position of comfort Injuries which require spinal immobilization Spine Neck Head Clinical Death The moment that breathing and heart activity stops, this death can be reversed Biological Death Death of brain cells this death irreversible occurs 6-10 minutes of respiratory arrest Brain Damage begins within 4 to 6 minutes opening the air way: unresponsive, gag reflex Nasal Airway Using a Nasal Airway measure nose to corner of mouth insert longer side down right nostril one breath every 5 seconds (adult) opening the air way: unresponsive, no gag reflex Oral Airway 42 | P a g e Using an Oral Airway measure earlobe to corner of mouth insert curved part up until tension is felt then rotate and insert rest of the way One breath every 5 seconds (adult) Maintain an Open Airway Nasal Airway Oral Airway Open a patient's Airway Head Tilt / Chin Lift Jaw Thrust Clearing an Airway The Recovery Position Finger Sweeps Suctioning Max Suction Time adult 15 sec child 10 sec infant 5 sec Normal Resp. Rate adult 12-20 breaths pm child 15-30 breath pm infant 25-50 breath pm Five Methods for Ventilating a Patient mouth to mask two person valve mask mouth to barrier device one person bag valve mask mouth to mouth Rates for Rescue Breathing (breath : second) Adult 1:5 Child 1:3-5 Infant :3-5 Newborn: 1:1.5 Oxygen Flow Rate: Non-rebreather face mask 12-15 liter per minute 80-95% oxygen 45 | P a g e Seizures Irregular electrical activity in the brain causing serious change in behavior and usually related to a nervous system malfunction. Rarely life threatening. Diabetes prevents individuals from producing enough insulin or utilizing insulin efficiently Hyperglycemia high blood sugar can produce a coma takes several days to develop Hypoglycemia low blood sugar caused by too high a level of insulin in the blood (produces a drop in blood sugar) Anaphylactic Shock Allergic Reaction Hypothermia general cooling of the body which creates a state of low body temperature Hyperthermia Heat Stroke Four Routes of Poison Ingestion Inhalation Absorption Injection Five Causes of Anaphylactic Shock bees food inhaled chemicals medicine Six Causes for Altered Mental Status Strokes Diabetes Heat Cold 46 | P a g e Seizures Poison Three Types of External Bleeding Arterial Venous Capillary Arterial Bleeding Blood Spirt (from wound) Bright Red (oxygen rich) Venous Bleeding Blood Flows (steady) Dark Red (oxygen poor) Capillary Bleeding Blood Oozes (clotting quickly) High Chance of Infection Abrasions damages the surface of the skin, but not all layers Lacerations Jagged cuts where tissue along the edge of the wound is torn and a rough edge is produced Puncture Wounds Puncturing objects tear through skin damages all tissues in its path, can be shallow or deep (internal bleeding) Sucking Chest Wounds puncture wounds to the chest patients may cough up blood the chest may collapse (lungs) (because air is in-between the lungs and check wall) Avulsions large flaps of skin are torn loose or off, replace before removing Amputations cutting or tearing off of the fingers, toes, hands, feet, arms, or legs Impaled Objects Object is still protruding from the body. 47 | P a g e Impaled Object should be removed when it impales the airway preforming CPR Evisceration abdominal organs protrude through soft tissue injury Four Quadrants of the Abdomen (going clockwise) right upper quadrant left upper quadrant right lower quadrant left lower quadrant Best Way to Control Bleeding Direct Pressure Amputated Part Care Put it in a bag or wrapped in something then on ice (NOT directly) Penetrating Chest Wound link n log (that bitch) Shock failure of the circular system to provide enough blood to the vital organs of the body Eight Types of Shock (RN CHAMPS) Respiratory Neurogenic Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Anaphylactic Metabolic Psychogenic Septic Respiratory Shock breathing shock from failure of the respiratory system Neurogenic Shock Nerve shock from failure of the blood vessels to constrict 50 | P a g e Organ of pregnancy, composed of maternal and fetal issues (organ where exchange between mother and fetus occurs) Umbilical Cord structure that connects fetus to the placenta Amniotic Sac "bag of water" (fluid sack surrounds the fetus) Three Stages of Labor First: contracts begin, ends with cervix being fully dilated (allows baby to enter birth canal) Second: baby moves through birth canal and is expelled Third: birth to placenta being delivered Three Steps to stimulate newborn breathing vigorously rub back ventilate at rate of 40 beats terminate suction Neonate birth to one month Infant one month to one year Child one year to eight years Adult over eight years Five Differences between adult and pediatric anatomy head is larger and heavier than the body children are more vulnerable to spinal injuries togue is large for the mouth infants are nose breathers (use accessory muscles to breathe) airways are narrow and easily obstructed Five Common Medical Emergencies in Children Airway obstruction Seizures Child Abuse 51 | P a g e Respiratory (emergency) Circulatory Failure Five Symptoms of Respiratory Distress in a Child wheezing or exhaling with effort inadequate breathing drooling altered mental status sitting in a tripod position Six causes of Seizure in a child fever infection poison low blood sugar hypoxia head injury SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Abuse Improper or excessive action to injure or cause harm Neglect giving insufficient attention or respect to someone who has a claim to that attention SALT Sort Assess Life-saving intervention Treatment Immediate Triage Red Medical Attention now Expectant Triage Gray Can be treated if additional resources arrive Dead 52 | P a g e Black Dead Minimal Green Don't need much attention Delayed Yellow Will need attention eventually Five Vital Signs Blood Pressure Pulse Skin Breathing Rate/ Quality Pupils Normal Adult Resp. Rate 12-20 Normal Child Resp. Rate 15-30 Normal Infant Resp. Rate 25-50 Normal Adult Pulse Rate 60-80 Normal Child Pulse Rate 80-150 Normal Infant Pulse Rate 120-150 Normal Adult BP age + 100/64-90 Normal Child BP 2x age + 80/50-80 Five Links in Adult Chain of Survival 55 | P a g e Brain and Spinal Cord Skin Protects the body from the environment, bacteria and other organisms regulates temperature and prevents dehydration Senses heat/cold touch pressure and pain transmits to the brain and spinal cord Rules of Body Mechanics to prevent Injury weight of patient and need for help know your physical ability and limitations lift without twisting and feet properly communicate clearly with partner Reasons for using an Emergency Move immediate danger to the patient if not moved life saving care cant be given further injury is potential Lifting techniques The Firefighter's Carry Blanket Lift Drag Direct Ground Lift Chair Lift (Extremity Lift) Recovery Position Left Side Unresponsive without trauma Right Side Unresponsive without drama Allow the patient to assume a position of comfort Injuries which require spinal immobilization Spine Neck Head Brain Damage begins within 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen Using a Nasal Airway measure nose to corner of mouth insert longer side down right nostril one breath every 5 seconds (adult) Using an Oral Airway 56 | P a g e measure earlobe to corner of mouth insert curved part up until tension is felt then rotate and insert rest of the way One breath every 5 seconds (adult) Maintain an Open Airway Nasal Airway Oral Airway Open a patient's Airway Head Tilt / Chin Lift Jaw Thrust Clearing an Airway The Recovery Position Finger Sweeps Suctioning Max Suction Time adult 15 sec child 10 sec infant 5 sec Normal Resp. Rate adult 12-20 breaths pm child 15-30 breath pm infant 25-50 breath pm Five Methods for Ventilating a Patient mouth to mask two person valve mask mouth to barrier device one person bag valve mask mouth to mouth Rates for Rescue Breathing (breath : second) Adult 1:5 Child 1:3-5 Infant :3-5 Newborn: 1:1.5 Five Components of Patient Assessment Scene Size Up Primary 57 | P a g e Secondary Reassess Patient Care Report Scene Size Up BSI Scene Safety Mechanism of Injury Number of Patients Additional Resources if Needed (EMR) CSI (Consider Spine Immobilization) Components of Primary Assessment General Impression (intro, whats the problem) Assess Responsiveness (AVPU) Check Airway, Breathing, Circulation (stop any bleeding if there is any) (ABC) Identify Priority Patients Update EMS AVPU Alert Verbal Pain Unresponsive DCAP BTLS Deformities Contusions (brusises) Abrasions (scrapes) Penetrations (puncture) Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling SAMPLE Signs and Symptoms (OPQRST) Allergies Medication Past Med History Last Oral Intake Event (what was going on before?) OPQRST 60 | P a g e Venous Bleeding Blood Flows (steady) Dark Red (oxygen poor) Capillary Bleeding Blood Oozes (clotting quickly) High Chance of Infection Abrasions damages the surface of the skin, but not all layers Lacerations Jagged cuts where tissue along the edge of the wound is torn and a rough edge is produced Puncture Wounds Puncturing objects tear through skin damages all tissues in its path, can be shallow or deep (internal bleeding) Avulsions large flaps of skin are torn loose or off, replace before removing Amputations cutting or tearing off of the fingers, toes, hands, feet, arms, or legs Impaled Objects Object is still protruding from the body. Impaled Object should be removed when it impales the airway preforming CPR Best Way to Control Bleeding Direct Pressure Amputated Part Care Put it in a bag or wrapped in something then on ice (NOT directly) Shock failure of the circular system to provide enough blood to the vital organs of the body Respiratory Shock 61 | P a g e breathing shock from failure of the respiratory system Neurogenic Shock Nerve shock from failure of the blood vessels to constrict Cardiogenic Shock Heart Shock from damage to the heart Hypovolemic Shock Bleeding Shock from fluid loss Metabolic Shock Body fluid shock from loss of fluids from vomiting and diarrhea Psychogenic Shock Shock from fainting, from interruption of blood flow to the brain Septic Shock Blood Stream Shock caused by infections Signs of Shock altered mental status rapid or weak pulse skin is pale (cool clammy cyanotic) nausea (w/ vomit and thirst) dizziness Emergency Care for Shock wrap in blanket (heat) place the patient in a position of comfort (comfort) elevate legs (unless spinal injury) Three Types of Burns Superficial (first degree) Partial Thickness (second degree) Full Thickness (third degree) Treatment for Burns Stop burning process by flushing the burned area with cool water remove clothing around burned area (minor: wet dress major: dry dress) Mechanism of Injury a force or forces that may have caused the injury 62 | P a g e Fracture any break crack chip split or crumbling of a bone Dislocation occurs when one end of a bone that is part of a joint is pull or pushed out of place Sprain partial or complete tearing of a ligament Strain overstretching or tearing of a muscle Six Symptoms of a Fracture Deformity (angulation) Pain (Tenderness Numbness) Sound of Breaking Swelling Slow Capillary Refill Bruising Manual Stabilization to steady a body part in order to help reduce involuntary movement caused by pain or muscle spasms Five Symptoms of Spinal Injury Tenderness (in the area of the injury) Pain Associated with movement Numbness Weakness Loss of Bowel Control Five Symptoms of Head Injury Unresponsive Deep Cuts (or tears exposed brain tissues) Swelling and discoloration (under eyes) fragements of bone (through the skin) (Deformity of the Skull) Five Common Medical Emergencies in Children Airway obstruction Seizures Child Abuse Respiratory (emergency) Circulatory Failure 65 | P a g e When is it ok to move a seriously injured patient? When a building is on fire, from a vehicle that is smoking, and when the patient is blocking access to other patients. What is the best way to move a patient who has a suspected neck or spinal injury? Blanket Drag What are some examples of mechanisms of injury (MOI)? Explosions, penetrating trauma, blunt force. _________ materials may have strange odors and/or clouds of gas. Hazardous When arriving on the scene, this is your number one priority. Scene safety What allows for the maximum hand stability and strength when lifting a patient? Power grip An unstable patient should be reassessed every ____ minutes. 5 What is the most important personal protective equipment that you should be wearing when working with a patient? Disposable gloves What is the main purpose of an ongoing assessment? To identify changes in the patient's condition. A correctly placed blood pressure cuff will be centered over the _____ artery. Brachial What is the first thing you should do when communicating with medical control? Identify yourself True or False. The tongue is the most likely cause of a mechanical airway obstruction. False The ______ plane divided the body horizontally. Axial (transverse) What is the most appropriate way to perform a jaw-thrust maneuver? 66 | P a g e By sliding your fingers under then angles of the jawbones. You can only insert an oral airway if the patient is ____. Unconscious This organ separated the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, and is responsible for breathing. Diaphragm The _____ is the largest organ of the body. Skin What signs would you expect if hazardous materials were present on a scene? Foul and acrid odors When suctioning a patient, do not suction for more than _____ seconds at a time 15 If a choking patient goes unconscious, then the first thing you must do is ______. Lower them carefully to the ground An oxygen cylinder should be refilled when the pressure gauge reads _____ ppi or below. 200 An advantage of a variable flow rate device on an oxygen tank is that you can ______. Adjust the flow rate for different types of delivery devices. A heart attack is also called a ____. Miocardial Infarction (MI) Never use an oropharyngeal airway if _____. The patient is alert and conscious The best way to suction the mouth is to _____. Apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion. The worst kind of questions to ask a patient begins with _____. Why? The best way to know if a patient is breathing is to _____, _____, and _____. Look, Listen, Feel This is the most important thing to do for a patient having a seizure. Maintain an open airway 67 | P a g e This is the condition where there is a disruption of blood flow to part of the brain. Stroke One sign that indicate that a patient has overdosed on stimulants is _____. A rapid pulse You should only do a finger sweep in a person's mouth when they are ____. Unconscious If you suspect substance abuse, always _____. Summon more advanced medical personnel What are some examples of chief complaints? My chest hurts. I am having trouble breathing. I can't walk. I feel dizzy. True or False. It is ok to enter a building that smells of strong odors like sulfur or gasoline. False. Call for specialized services for assistance. What is a good treatment for jellyfish stings. Flush the affected site with vinegar. What is the best way to deal with a patient who is experiencing a behavioral emergency? Speak directly to the patient. What is your first priority (after scene safety) if you arrive on a scene where you suspect child abuse? Care for the child What kind of dressing do you apply to a patient with a sucking chest wound? An occlusive dressing True or False. It is ok to give a a drink to a patient who is in shock. False. What event can cause a child to go into cardiac arrest? Respiratory emergencies When assessing a stroke patient using the "FAST" mnemonic, what does the "T" stand for? The time in which symptoms first occurred. Your first priority in an attempt to control bleeding should be ____. To cover the wound with a dressing. 70 | P a g e The first to remove disposable gloves is to _____. Pinch the palm side of one glove near the wrist True or False. Take care not to disturb anything at a crime scene. True Hyper means _____. Fast The first thing you should do when approaching a patient is to _____. Identify yourself _____ connect muscle to bone. Tendons _____ connect bone to bone. Ligament What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in children? The tongue What is another name for the clavicle? Collar bone If you must leave a patient to get help, leave the patient in the ________ position. H.A.I.N.E.S The best way to move a person down a narrow staircase is with a ______. Stair Chair A ________ is the duties and skills a person is allowed an expected to perform. Scope of Practice _______ precautions assumes that all body fluids could be potentially infective. Standard Which body system is most likely affected in a patient with blood glucose problems? Endocrine True or False. A patient that is thrashing and kicking might can be restrained. True How far away should you park your vehicle from a scene involving fire. 71 | P a g e 100 feet What is diastolic blood pressure? The force exerted on arterial walls between contractions. What is the "S" in SAMPLE? Signs and Symptoms What is the "A" in SAMPLE? Known Allergies What is the "M"in SAMPLE? Medications What is the "P" in SAMPLE? Past pertinent history What is the "L" in SAMPLE? Last oral intake What is the "E" in SAMPLE? Events leading up ______ is the point of contact between the public and an EMR. Dispatch A Prehospital Care Report (PCR) is also called a ____. Trip sheet Caring for a patient on "Standing Orders" is direct/indirect medical control. Indirect In "AVPU" the "A" means _____. Alert In "AVPU" the "V" means _____. Verbal In "AVPU" the "P" means _____. Pain In "AVPU" the "U" means _____. Unconscious 72 | P a g e The standard rate of oxygen for a fixed-flow-rate oxygen system is _____. 15 liters per minute (lpm) A bite from a venomous snake would cause poisoning by which mechanism? Injection A typical symptom of a person who has renal failure, but has not had dialysis treatment for several days would be ____. Generalized edema What is the first thing you should do when you arrive on a scene of a patient experiencing status epilepticus? Summon more advanced medical personnel Oxycodone and Percocet are examples of _____. Narcotics How would a person be poisoned by carbon monoxide? Inhalation A patient with heat exhaustion would have (cool/hot) and (pale/red) skin. cool, pale What is the first thing you should check before administering oxygen to a patient? Check the label and markings on the tank to make sure you are giving the right thing. What is the first thing you should do to help a person who is experiencing heat cramps? Reduce the cramps with light massage What is your first priority when responding to a situation of a person that is threatening suicide? Your safety and calling for trained personnel. How would you describe venous bleeding? Steadily flowing with a darker red color. What kind of injury would you expect if a person's leg was trapped under a cement beam. Crush injury What condition would a patient be in if you classified them as "delayed care"? Alert with appropriate responses What is a dislocation injury? 75 | P a g e The most common type of emergency move is the: A)carrier B)emergency move C)drag D)rescuer move C)drag A fixed antenna that is used to boost a radio signal is called the: A)transfer radio B)repeater C)receiver D)base station B)repeater You read a patient care report that states that the "patient was attempting to perform a dangerous trick on her skateboard." What is wrong with writing this in a patient care report? A)the information is not true B)the information is true C)the information is objective D)the information is subjective D)the information is subjective When breathing for an adult, you should ventilate at a rate of: A)one breath every 7 to 9 seconds B)one breath every 5 to 6 seconds C)one breath every 13 to 15 seconds D)one breath every 11 to 13 seconds B)one breath every 5 to 6 seconds A patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen via: A)nonrebreather face mask B)bag-valve mask C)nasal cannula D)venturi mask B)bag-valve mask When administering oxygen to patient via nasal cannula, the maximum LPM flow is: A)10 LPM B)6 LPM C)4 LPM D)2 LPM B)6 LPM Your patient is in severe respiratory distress with labored but adequate breathing. The appropriate oxygen delivery device would be a: A)nebulizer mask B)nonrebreather mask C)bag-valve mask D)nasal cannula B)nonrebreather mask The bag-valve mask works best when you have ________ Emergency Medical Responders. A)one B)three C)two D)four C)two A patient breathing 20 times a minute with labored respirations is most likely experiencing: A)respiratory distress B)apnea C)respiratory failure D)respiratory arrest 76 | P a g e A)respiratory distress A patient who has a partial airway obstruction would have all the following signs EXCEPT: A)noisy breathing B)being unable to cough C)stridor D)snoring being unable to cough SCENARIO You and your partner are responding to a patient who passed out in a store. Your patient is a 21-year- old male who started to his friend that he was feeling light-headed. Upon arrival you find your patient on the floor. He has a respiration rate of 6 with heavy breathing, and his teeth are clenched. A)oropharyngeal airway B)soft airway C)nasopharyngeal airway D)snoring C)nasopharyngeal airway The information contained in the narrative section of your patient care report should be: A)a review of your opinions on how care was delivered B)lengthy and include information on the patients religious orientation C)as objective as possible D)written in simple terms so the patients family may review it later C)as objective as possible Which of the following is NOT part of the minimum data set included in the patient care report? A)nature of the call B)time of arrival on scene C)vital signs D)patients insurance status D)patients insurance status All are reasons that an Emergency Medical Responder should have an accurate and well-documented report EXCEPT: A)the report is used for billing information B)the report is a legal document C)the report provides information to the family D)the report documents continuity of care C)the report provides information to the family You are interviewing a 98-year-old female with chest pain. All of the following are strategies for communicating with a geriatric patient EXCEPT: A)speaking slowly and clearly B)asking a family member for information if the patient seems confused C)being patient and allowing ample time for questions to be answered D)calling the patients physician for information D)calling the patients physician for information 77 | P a g e Strategies for effective communication include all of the following EXCEPT: A)being aware of body language B)responding defensively C)speaking quickly D)using active listening skills B)responding defensively A thorough transfer of care report contains all of the following elements EXCEPT the: A)patients religious orientation B)patients name and age C)vital signs D)chief complaint A)patients religious orientation SCENARIO You have been called to attend to a chest pain patient at the local apartment complex. This patient is found on the third floor of the complex. The patient has a history of angina and wants to be transported to the hospital. After assessment and beginning treatment,, you and your partner formulate a plan for taking the patient down to the unit. A)prone B)recovery C)semi-sitting D)supine C)semi-sitting To lift and carry the patient, you and your partner want to use appropriate body mechanics and lifting techniques to prevent any injury to yourselves. All of the following are appropriate techniques for safe moving and lifting EXCEPT: A)using your legs, not your back to do the lifting B)never twisting or making moves other than the lift C)positioning your feet shoulder width apart D)carrying the weight away from your body D)carrying the weight away from your body All of the following are indications for a nonemergency move EXCEPT: A)the patient is unconscious B)there is no evidence of a spinal injury C)the vital signs are stable D)there are no signs of uncontrolled bleeding A)the patient is unconscious When the body has an adequate supply of oxygen and converts glucose into energy it is called: A)aerobic metabolism B)metabolic acidosis C)metabolic compromise D)anaerobic metabolism A)aerobic metabolism Ambient air contains what percentage of oxygen? A)10 percent B)50 percent C)100 percent D)21 percent D)21 percent A 74-year-old woman feels weak and dizzy, has pale and sweaty skin, and has a fast and weak pulse. The fast and weak pulse of this patient causes you to suspect that her cardiac output has: 80 | P a g e A)Medical Director An Emergency Medical Responder provides emergency care: A)only if the injuries are life-threatening B)until the patient arrives at the hospital C)every time an emergency happens D)until EMTs or paramedics take over care D)until EMTs or paramedics take over care A man has collapsed at a restaurant and is unresponsive. Before you assist the patient, you: A)check for a pulse B)ensure that the scene is safe C)start CPR D)ask if the patient is okay B)ensure that the scene is safe Which of the following is the most effective way to assess a patients respiratory rate? A)count respirations for 2 minutes and divide by 4 B)count respirations for 10 seconds and multiply by 6 C)count respirations for 6 seconds and multiply by 10 D)count respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 D)count respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 As an Emergency Medical Responder, your first concern at the scene of an emergency is: A)the protection of bystanders B)gathering a detailed medical history C)the well-being of your patient D)the safety of you and your fellow responders D)the safety f you and your fellow responders According to the Centers for Disease Control, ______ is the number one killer among adults in the United States A)cancer B)diabetes C)heart disease D)trauma C)heart disease Your patient presents lethargic and confused. She is breathing 6 times per minute with shallow and labored respirations. This patient is experiencing: A)respiratory distress B)asthma C)respiratory failure D)normal respirations A)respiratory distress You should assist in administering oral glucose to a hypoglycemic patient only if: A)the patient is able to answer questions B)the patient can assist in the process and swallow C)you are told to do so by medical direction D)the patients blood glucose level is known 81 | P a g e B)the patient can assist in the process and swallow The Emergency Medical Responder recognizes that anaphylaxis is: A) mild allergic reaction B)only a danger if it doesn't resolve within 25 minutes C)never life threatening, as long as care is provided D)a life-threatening allergic reaction D)a life-threatening allergic reaction A 10-year-old male has a pencil impaled in his cheek. The wound is bleeding heavily, and the pencil appears to be blocking the airway. You should: A)stabilize the pencil with bulky dressings B)rinse the inside of the mouth with water C)gently push the pencil back through the cheek wall D)attempt to cut the pencil into a smaller section C)gently push the pencil back through the cheek wall You suspect that a 23-year-old female had a blood clot in her lungs, which is causing a drop in blood pressure and signs of shock. This category of shock would be best described as: A)vascular shock B)arterial shock C)hemorrhagic shock D)obstructive shock D)obstructive shock The ulna and tibia are bones found in the: A)legs B)spinal column C)extremities D)arms C)extremities Young children are more prone to head injuries because: A)the bones of their head are not fused B)they are often unstable on their feet C)their heads are very large compared to their body size D)they are more likely to be victims of abuse C)their heads are very large compared to their body size Paradoxical movement indicates a: A)oneumothorax B)hemothorax C)fail chest D)cardiac tamponade C)fail chest Which of the following is the appropriate of steps to take in the emergency medical care of the mothers postdelivery? A)deliver the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and provide emotional support B)control vaginal bleeding, deliver the afterbirth, and provide physical support C)deliver the afterbirth, provide physical support, and control vaginal bleeding D)control the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and control emotional support 82 | P a g e A)deliver the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and provide emotional support Which of the following is the MOST appropriate to ask the parent of a child who has had a seizure? A)when did the child eat breakfast? B)when was the last time the child went to the doctor? C)does the child have any allergies? D)had the child had a fever? D)has the child had a fever? You are called for an elderly man who was found lying on the sidewalk early on the on a cold winter morning. He has a light jacket on, but it appears he has been outside overnight. There is a pile of mail scattered nearby. Your assessment shows that his extremities are very cold and he seems disoriented. He groans when you palpate his pelvis. You should suspect he is suffering from: A) A closed head injury B) A medication overdose C) hypothermia D) Alzheimer's disease C)hypothermia Which of the following is NOT a method of gaining access to a patient who is in a vehicle? A) opening doors B) going through a window C) prying a door open D) cutting a hole in the floor of the car D) cutting a hole in the floor of the car Which of the following is NOT included in the START triage assessment? A) check ability to walk B) check breathing C) check mental status D) check for fractures D) check for fractures The model used for the command, control, and coordination of resources at a large-scale emergency is called: A) incident control structure B) emergency response system C) emergency command structure D) incident command system C) emergency command structure Which of the following is NOT typically a cause of a multiple casualty incident? A) highway collisions B) explosions 85 | P a g e C) gloves and a closed air respirator D) gloves, gown, and N95mask A) gloves, gown, face shield, and mask Appropriate assessment and care of a patient with abdominal pain includes: A)palpating the femoral pulses B) Palpating in the abdomen in all four quadrants C) applying ice packets to the abdomen D) applying heat packets to the abdomen B)Palpating the abdomen in all four quadrants Injuries to the chest can be life-threatening because: A) damage to the stomach and kidneys cause significant blood loss B) chest injury is cause a lot of pain C) chest injury patients are at great risk for infection sepsis D) damage to the lungs and chest wall can greatly affect perfusion D) damage to the lungs and chest wall can greatly affect perfusion It is important for that emergency medical responder to assume any women of childbearing age with abdominal pain is pregnant until proven otherwise because: A) some women are likely to lie about being pregnant B) pregnant women have an increased risk of pneumothorax C) pregnancy causes an increased likelihood of septic infection D) early pregnancy complications can be life threatening D)early pregnancy complications can be life threatening All of the following mechanisms would cause a high suspicion for spinal injury EXCEPT: A) A ground-level fall on a grassy surface B) A fall from 20 feet C) A rollover motor vehicle collision D) significant blunt force trauma A) ground level fall on a grassy surface A 36-year-old female is unresponsive after a motorcycle accident. Your physical exam reveals no crepitus, bleeding, or deformity to her skull. Your suspect she has sustained: A) A skull laceration B) A closed head injury C) an open head injury D) A fractured skull B) A closed head injury Which of the following would cause an emergency medical responder to suspected injury to the face? A) unstable chest wall B) difficulty breathing 86 | P a g e C) penetrating trauma to the back D) inability to move the jaw D) inability to move the jaw Emergency care procedures for injured lower extremities include: A) placing dislocated joint back into place B) applying a rigid or soft splint C) consulting a physician D) using a sling or swathe B) applying a rigid or soft split Open head injuries involve fractures of the: A)skull B)shoulder C)ears D)all the above A)skull Care for a patient with a painful, swollen, and deformed extremity includes all the following EXCEPT: A) calming and reassuring the patient B) administering aspirin C) immobilizing at the extremity D) applying a rigid or soft split B)administering aspirin Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock? A) The heart is unable to pump blood effectively through the body B) The body retains fluid and causes high blood pressure C) blood vessels relax and cause a drop in blood pressure D) A lack of total blood volume causes poor perfusion D) A lack of total blood volume causes poor perfusion The four main categories of shock are: A) hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive B) respiratory, geriatric, pediatric, febrile C) septic, neurogenic, destructive, respiratory D) psychogenic, anxiety, cardiac, gastrointestinal A) hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive A 32-year-old male is a victim of multiple gunshot wound to the chest. His airway is patent, and he is breathing four times per minute was with shallow tidal volume. His skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic, and his pulse is weak and rapid. You should FIRST: A)perform a rapid secondary exam B)immobilize the patient to a long spine board C)initiate positive pressure ventilations D)classify the patient as a high priority 87 | P a g e C)initiate positive pressure ventilations You arrive at the local climbing gym to care for a patient who fell from approximately 20 feet onto a concrete floor. The patient is alert but confused. Your physical exam reveals pale skin, an unstable pelvis, abdominal bruising, and a deformed left forearm. You would classify this patient as: A)mortally wounded B)unstable due to multisystem trauma C)low priority D)stable since he is alert B)unstable due to multisystem trauma A patient has bright red blood spurting from a laceration on his leg. This bleeding is best described as: A)capillary bleeding B)arterial bleeding C)aortic bleeding D)venous bleeding B)arterial bleeding The material applied directly to a wound to cover it and control bleeding is called a: A)bandage B)4x4 C)cravat D)dressing D)dressing Which of the following is a late sign or symptom of a localized cold emergency? A)tingling sensation B)slow capillary refill C)soft skin D)white, waxy skin D)white, waxy skin The emergency medical responder recognizes that it is unsafe to attempt a water rescue without proper training because: A)cold water can cause hypothermia very quickly B)patients may panic and unintentionally hurt responders C)even water that looks calm may have a strong and dangerous currents D)all of the above are true D)all the above are true all of the following are signs or symptoms of decompression sickness EXCEPT: A) numbness or paralysis B) muscle and joint pain C)skin blotches or mottling D)nasal congestion D)nasal congestion