English 8 Learning Modules Quarter 3, Exams of English

Download English 8 Learning Modules Quarter 3 and more Exams English in PDF only on Docsity! Lesson 1.1: Author’s Bias MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY 1. Examining biases (for or against) made by the author. EN8RC-Ilg-3.1.12 LESSON PROPER What is an author's bias? A bias is basically when an author is unfair or inaccurate in his or her presentation of something. In their attempt to persuade, authors often make mistakes in their thinking patterns and writing choices. This is because every author has a point of view. All writers have opinions that affect their writing. As a reader, you must learn to recognize an author's bias so you can be in control of your own opinions. Bias is prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group, compared with another. These are ways on how to detect an author's bias. 1. Note the author's word choice and connotation. Connotation is a further understanding of a word's meaning. (As well as a literal meaning, it is also a word that carry an additional idea or feeling. As a writer, you can influence your readers' opinions with the words you choose. The connotations of your chosen words determine whether your text is biased or unbiased. Examples: ¢ The girl clapped when she received flowers for her birthday. ¢ The girl seemed content when she received flowers for her birthday. ¢ The girl jumped with excitement when she received flowers for her birthday. ¢ The last two sentences indicate opinions compared with the first sentence, which simply de scribes what happened. Example: Your friends described you as forceful. Is forceful the right word? Perhaps assertive, which has a more positive connotation would be more accurate. 2. Study how people are referred to in a text. Examples: ¢ The accused stood guilty in front of the court. ¢ The criminal stood guilty in front of the court. ¢ The word criminal has a negative connotation versus the word accused, which shows objectivity. 3. The language used is strong or exaggerated. The author oversimplifies or overgeneralizes statements. Example: ¢ Neowise Chocolate is the best and most delicious chocolate bar available in the market today. The author does not explain why the chocolate bar is the best and most delicious in the market. These statements are based on the author's emotions. When you evaluate a work, study whether an author's bias affects the presentation of the text. Below are some questions to consider when examining an author's bias: 1. Does the author's bias affect one side of an issue so that one issue is favorable than another? 2. Where does an author's allegiance lie? 3. Is the bias implied or stated in the text? 4. Did the author omit facts? Did he/she present a limited view on the topic? 5. Is the information presented objectively? (Note that an author can appeal to emotions if his/her purpose is to persuade an audience through the use of emotions.) In addition, even the placement of images and text can show an author's bias. Images can be used to convey a positive or negative message. Their placements in a news source, for example, determines the importance of the information presented. If the information is placed at the top of the page and in large font, the data is vital. More importantly, if an author has strong bias, it doesn't mean that the author's claims are invalid. It is up to you as a reader to use your critical skills to evaluate an author's side. Once you have evaluated a work, it is best to research more about the issue to learn more about it. 4. Names and titles The way a person is described or labeled can influence how we think about him or her. Example: John Doe, an ex-con, is now running for office. John Doe, who was convicted 20 years ago for a minor offense, is now running for office.” 5. Placement and size Usually, stories in a newspaper or on a news program that are chosen to be put first are seen as the most important stories. Stories that appear at the back of a newspaper or at the end of a broadcast are seen as less important. Example: If a story about the disaster in the Philippines is on the front page of the newspaper, it will be seen as important. If the story about the typhoon in the Philippines is buried at the back of the paper, it will be regarded as less important. 6. Selection or omission Sometimes, certain details or facts will be cut out of a story, and others will be included. This can change how readers/viewers think about the story. Make sure to consider multiple sources to get the full story. Example A news story could be written about people booing during a speech. “The President’s remarks were greeted by loud jeers. A small handful of people disagreed with the President’s remarks.” 7. Images and videos Example Some photos can make the subject look serious, beautiful, healthy, and so on. Other photos, however, can be very unflattering and make the subject look ridiculous, sick, etc. The image of someone in the news can influence how people think about him or her. Propaganda Techniques, appeal to our emotions rather than to our reason. Propaganda is intended for the following purposes: * to persuade ¢ to influence and manipulate your feelings and attitude ¢ to dictate your choice by exaggerating the truth ¢ to entertain It may seem that an innocent advertisement was shown to you to simply make you laugh or cry but the REAL purpose was to lead you to buy a product or believe a campaign so it is important that we know the underlying message present in those phrases and words in a propaganda. Beyond images, colors, graphic designs and layouts is the powerful language of advertisement. A witty play on words and phrases can be sometimes more effective than visual tool because words can make big difference. Therefore, to sense and be able to analyze the intention of a propaganda; Be on the LOOKOUT for: ¢ Tagline- It is short but permanent and easy to remember. mn JUST DOIT. oe http:/ / persuasion-and-influence.blogspot.com/2016/ 12/just-do-it.html The tagline is commonly found in a glittering generality propaganda. ¢ Slogan- It is short too but temporary for the purpose of a marketing strategy. It leaves in mind only a trace of visual effect but the echo of the line lingers longer. Example: Dito sa ri) saa Beeda ang sarap! https:// 1.bp.blogspot.com/_tmaDDsPy4no/San5ATrEhxl/AAAAAAAAAAM/pw71B2 1bhYY/s280/ Jjollibee 1da8.jpg (With Jollibee, your happiness is the priority.) ¢ Pun Words- This style on language of advertisement is fun also effective and striking if the play of the words is clever and artistic. Example: The words “young” and “yum” were played by the c creator. This gives special effects in the audience’s ears - because these two words sound alike. = 1YomM’ Dail TWEETSpiration: fase LXxeta al: LAM YOUNG. 4 Pham Pinoy. Another good example on the play of words is the =, previous example, Dito sa Jollibee, Beeda ang Saya. The word bida in Filipino language was replaced by the word Beeda which represents company’s logo and brand. These styles of putting a language to advertisements have a common goal: make the brand memorable. ¢ Statistics or numbers Another commonly used style is the use of numbers and statistics on the sentence of advertisements. The intention of this style may look good however consumers must be aware of the facts and claims of a certain propaganda. Usually this aims to mislead, to make competitor inferior, to draw fear and worry and to touch the consumer’s sense of security. Example: The statistics 40% less fat and 30 % less calories are lines put in the language of advertisement to appear that the brand is offering the consumers a healthier product. Looking closer to the goal of this line, it may bea bait to catch you for its real intentions to mislead you from the real facts and to make you believe that your health is not placed in compromise. https:/ /custom-writing.org/qna/card-stacking-propaganda/ ¢ Testimonies of famous people These are really powerful in swaying consumers. Just like slogan, tagline and pun words, quotations and testimonies are echoes that stay in their mind. Usually, its intention is to insinuate or suggest to follow or believe them. Example: When you see a famous actor or actress beside a product, most likely he or she gave his or her “testimonials” promising that a product is worth your money or a campaign is worth your time. Like Daniel Padillaand Kathryn Bernardo here for a coffee brand. In this style, your own judgement whether they really use, experience or buy the product matters. http://jkmejilla-ads.blogspot.com/2015/08/coffee-choose-nescafe-creamy-white.html Lesson 2.1: Types of Propaganda Techniques Oftentimes, people have negative thoughts about the word “propaganda”. They think of it as dishonesty and lies. However, propaganda is so common that people must learn to think critically to deal with it. Like persuasive techniques, propaganda techniques appeal more to one’s emotions than to common sense or logic. Advertisements and commercials flood the media. They are heard over the radio; seen on television; and read in magazines and newspapers, on billboards and graffiti, and even computer screens. These advertisements move us to buy products and accept ideas. Reading advertisements requires critical and evaluative skills. It requires the consumers not only to understand what the advertisement says but also to weigh the truthfulness and validity of the claims in the advertisements. A good and effective ad does not guarantee an efficient product or service. An advertisement is effective only insofar as it sells the product; thus advertisers device of various techniques and strategies to catch consumers' attention and attract them to buy the products. It is important, therefore, that consumers know how to read beyond that which is given in ads or commercials. Propaganda * is the spreading of rumors, false or correct information or idea in order to influence the opinion of the society. There are seven (7) most commonly used propaganda techniques in a text. Read and study the advertising strategies that follow. Take note of the examples. 1. Bandwagon The bandwagon technique suggests that thousands of people patronize a product. It aims to make consumers realize that many are using a specific product so that they would also use it. Example: Marlon is not a fan of social media because he prefers to have a face-to-face conversation. However, most of Marlon’s friends have joined social media sites, so Marlon decided to create an account as well. ¢ The bandwagon effect is when a person, which is evident in this example, starts doing something because everybody else seems to be doing it. 2. Name Calling Giving a person or an idea a bad label by using an easy-to —- remember name to reject or condemn the person or idea without examining what the label really means. Examples: Terrorists, Rebels, Activists * These labels are used by some politicians to address their rivals. In addition, these are proven to be effective in strengthening the support of the people who already support them. 3. Plain Folks This is the way that a speaker convinces an audience that an idea is good because it is the same idea of the majority of people like yourself. Example: This is the will of the people. Another example would be when the speaker tells a story about a family or people that are “just like you” to reinforce the speakers point of view. ¢ The most essential part of this technique is the speaker’s portrayal as someone who shares the same experience with the audience. 4. Glittering generalities and hasty generalizations. This technique presents a product in a "glittering" way such that consumers will be tempted to buy it. Even without proofs of any kind, superlatives like the cheapest, most 7