ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONALISM PURPOSES REVIEWER, Study notes of English

Download ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONALISM PURPOSES REVIEWER and more Study notes English in PDF only on Docsity! POSITION PAPER -discussion of one side of an issue. -it has issues, argumentative thesis, claims, and evidence. TOPIC - Is broad and can be explored from different perspectives, the issue compels readers to take a stand. ISSUE - Developed into an argumentative thesis that states the stand of the author on the issue. CLAIMS -these are statements that support the author’s stand EVIDENCE - These are proofs to strengthen the author's claims DATA COLLECTION DATA -knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction. - Latin datum (given) TYPES OF DATA (acquisition) PRIMARY DATA -acquired -first hand data gathered by the person who need it. SECONDARY DATA -data taken from observation of other/responses to queries from studies done earlier. (nature of data) QUALITATIVE DATA - Data describing lived experiences of people QUANTITATIVE DATA -data summarizing multiple feelings, attitudes, and opinion of a selected number of people representing an entire population. COMMON DATA COLLECTION METHODS SURVEY -a quantitative method for collecting information from a pool of respondents by asking multiple question. - french surveyor ( to see) (time frame) CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY - Done one time only LONGITUDINAL SURVEY - DONE IN MULTIPLE OCCURRENCES OVER TIME. (question type) SURVEY-QUESTIONNAIRE - The type of survey - Gathering data through a pre- made set of a questions - Done through paper/online forms. SURVEY-INTERVIEW - Gathering data through a spontaneous flow of questioning - Conducted in a conversational manner TYPES OF SURVEY QUESTIONS STRUCTURED SURVEY - Some control/guidance is given for the choices/answer UNSTRUCTURED SURVEY -call for a free response in the choicess -open-format/open-ended RANK-ORDER SURVEY - Respondent indicate the order of preference from a list of options RATING SCALE/LIKERT SCALE - Commonly used to measure attitudes/opinion towards a certain issue. - A scale where a set of items are arranged, and respondent only choose one RENSIS LIKERT -american psychologist in 1932 QUALITIES OF THE LIKERT SCALE SYMMETRY - Number of positive and negative choices are bilaterally equal BALANCE - Distance between each value is the same, allowing valid averaging of values. KINDS OF LIKERT SCALES ODD-VALUED - Most-recommended and the most honest kind EVEN-VALUED - Forced choice scale - No neutral choice; respondent are left to take a stand; either positive or negative RESEARCH QUESTIONS - Questions made to provide a conclusion to a problem - Asked by the research to themselves SURVEY QUESTIONS - Questions made to answer the RQs - Asked by the researchers to the respondent TYPES OF SURVEY-INTERVIEW STRUCTURED INTERVIEW - Researcher-administered interview - Asking a fixed set of question in a fixed order - No follow up question UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW - Non directive interview - Follow up question are allowed as long the course will not go against the objective of the data collection SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW - A combination of structured, and unstructured interview - New ideas to be brought during interview KINDS OF OBSERVATION NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION - Observer monitors the spontaneous behaviours of the subject. CONTROLLED OBSERVATION - Done in labs - May be filmed or viewed through a one way/ two way glasses as they react to certain situations predetermined by the observer. PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION - The observer places themselves within the group to understand how its members behave. POSITION PAPER - Its an academic paper which defends a writers stance on a well defined issue. - Purpose to convince readers that the writers take is valid and reasonable, - Persuasive appeal - Rely on logical appeals - Prove their claim - Requires reasoning and critical thinking