Understanding Argumentative Text: Learning Objectives and Key Language Features, Lecture notes of English

Download Understanding Argumentative Text: Learning Objectives and Key Language Features and more Lecture notes English in PDF only on Docsity! LANGUAGE FEATURE OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT Most Zsserttial Learning Compélency: Identify key structural elements & language features of an argumentative text EN10G-IVa-32  ARGUMENTATION Proposition serves as the point of reference of the argumentative writer. It is where the writer decides whether to express his agreement or disagreement. The writer must gather information and/or evidences that would support his stand.  ARGUMENTATION An argumentative essay is an essay that presents a stand on a given proposition or issue. The writer must gather information and/or evidences the main argument presented is elaborated and explained through the presentation of its pros and cons. = >» convince or persuade ARGUMENTS CAN BE PRESENTED AS: number of points. e Begin each paragraph with a key statement or general statement. (Exposition) e Then, provide supporting reasons in the rest of the paragraph. BO Eu tec Reason 1 The first reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes crashes. According to NHTSC between 78 percent (excessive speed) and 100 percent (improper passing) of the cases of aggressive driving resulted in traffic crashes and 96 percent of the drivers cited for “following too closely” or tailgaitng caused crashes as a result of their aggressive driving. Moreover, “running red light", “improper passing”, and “overtaking on the left” topped other categories of aggressive driving in contributing to traffic crashes. Body Reason 2 Another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes injuries. NHTSC states that the percentages of the injuries caused by aggressive driving are, in almost all categories of aggressive driving, above 100 percent. Furthermore, the Department of Highway Safety (DHS) reports that this is due to the fact that each motor vehicle crash accounts for one or more injuries. It was found that of the ten categories of aggressive driving, “running red light’, “failing to yield”, and “running stop signs” are the most serious factors contributing to injuries. (Exposition) Restatement of Position Reason 3 Yet another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes fatalities. "Overtaking on the left” appears to be the most important contributing factor in traffic fatalities as it relates to aggressive driving. “Improper lane change”, “running stop sign” and “running red light” rank second through four in terms of their contribution to traffic fatalities (DHS, 2008).  about what you see as a solution to the (Exposition) t about what might happen if the situation is not RE aa) Conclusion The above evidence shows that aggressive driving causes crashes, injuries and fatalities. Hence, aggressive driving should be avoided. Since the opening of the North-South Highway, the number of kilometers of roads in the country has increased by one percent while the number of vehicle miles driven has increased by 35 percent. More cars and more drivers are also on the road, leading to more aggressive drivers. * Contributes to the attainment of the author's purpose for writing. * Help indicate the OSES with respect to the ideas being presented. always | uSually | never | probably | necessarily | actually | apparently | certainly | definitely | essentially | in fact | possibly | inarguably _#3 > EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE mm [Dy (CIT =" Reflects the writer’s attitude towards a certain idea.. = These words express feelings, opinions, or judgments o they are describing. appalling | awful | disgusting | dreadful | horrendous | incredible | revolting | ridiculous | shocking | terrible | wonderful #4) _‘ TRANSITIONAL DEVICES = Play a great part in maintaining the smooth flow of ideas. « Also known as connectives, they help achieve coherence in writing. because | therefore | on the other hand | asa result | in summary | consequently | similarly | in contrast | meanwhile | furthermore TTT nap Or furthermore TRANSITION —— dcitionally WORDS S “ however | “| For instance |In short  #7 > PASSIVE VOICE = Sometimes writers find using an indirect expression is rhetorically effective in a given situation, so they choose passive voice. . ather than the agent performing the action. NEN vores | eonenvore relate n (iBitiadec-@ Police are being notified that three Tem atsor- ofer prisoners have escaped. A new experimental liver-transplant operation was performed successfully yesterday. "Rules are made to be broken," he said defiantly. KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING Pattern B Pattern C a. Thesis Statement b. First Pro c. Second Pro d. Con(s) + Refutation(s) e, Conclusion a. Thesis Statement b. Con{s) + Refutation(s) c, First Pro d. Second Pro e, Conclusion a. Thesis Statement b. First Con + Refutation c. Second Con + Refutation d. Third Con + Refutation e. Conclusion