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Chapter T : 7 Equilibrium: The Extent of Chemical
Reactions
17.3 A system at equilibrium continues to be very dynamic at the molecular level. Reactant molecules
continue to form products, but at the same ratc that the products decompose to re-form ihe reactants.
17.4. Avery large K,q means at equilibrium the valuc of product concentrations is much larger than the valuc
of reactant concentrations, indicating that the reaclion goes essentially 10 completion.
2](H,OF
1717 Qejen = POL
{NO}(H2]
. 2H? 12,
4) Qc = Weel"? = f (NaTHLOP | _ (Nal “1H0}
(enor! (NOIH2]
Thus, Ke = [Keien]’” = (6.5 x 10°)!" = 25
b) Qe = Revel” =
2? 4 4
{N2J[H20] — JNO} Ha]
[NOFIM?) (Nal P01"
Ke = [Keen]? = (6.5 x 0? = 2.4 x 10°
17.26 a) Kp = Ke(RT)"*
Th Angas > 0, Keis smaller than Kp (assuming the factor RT > 1, ie. assumingT > 12.2 K)
b) Assuming the factor RT is larger than 1.0, Kp will be larger than Ke when Atigss > 0, Kp will be
smaller than Kc when Ang, < 0, and Kp will equal Ke at Anya, = 0.
1732. a) Kp = Ke(RT)"*
atm +L.
9
= 0.77 [ose x 1020 K)
mol -
0.77
b) Kp = Ke(RTY™
u
=I
x 570K
K
= 18x 1o*{aose aisa “1.
te}
mi
= 38x 10%
[COs]PHe] _ (0.62/2)(0.43/2)_
[COTH2O] — (0.13/2)(0.56/2)
Qp = Qc (RT)™ = Qe (RT)? = Qc = 3.7
Since Qp > Ky, the reaction proceeds to the lefi (towards the reactants} to reach equilibrium.
17.37) Qc =
17.50 2NOA{g) @ 2NO(g) + On(g)
_ xo) Po, x (@x)x
Qr = = Kp = 4.48 x 10-8 atm
Pro) (O75 —2xy
assume 0.75 atm — 2x = 0.75 aun
3
448 x 10? atm =
(0.757
x = 4.0 x 10° atm
Pro = 2x = 8.0 x 10° atm
Po, = x = 4.0 x 10° atm
17.54 Concentration (M)
SCL(g) + 2 CoHA(g) 2 S(CH)CH;CI)a(g)
Initial 0.675 0.973 0
Change x 25. +x
Equilibrium 0.675 — x 0.973 — 2x. x
[S(CHzCH2C)aleg = x = 0.350M
[SClh]y = 0.675 — x = 0.325M
‘ [CoHajeq = 0.973 —2x = 0.273M
8(CH2CH3C1 0.350
Ke = BCRRE Ns - 0300 = ae
(SCLJ[CoHaJ’ — (0.325)(0.273)" .
2
2 .
Kp = 144M] 9.999) 8 n03K
mol: K
= 0.0249 atm?
17.56 Pressure (atm) FeOQ(s) + CO) = Fe(s) + CO2(g)
Initial 1.00 0
Change ~* +K
Equilibrium 1.00- x x
Qp = CO = = 0.403
[co} 1.00. x
x = 0.287
Coodeq = 1.00 — x = 0.71 atin
(Peo,Jeq = ¥ = 0.287 atm
17.63 a) right b) : right c) nochange a) deft
17.68 a) more CO, and HQ; less C3Hg and O2
b) more NH; and O2; jess Nz and H.Q
1778 a) (1) 2HSlg) + 3 Og) = 28028) + 2 H2O(B)
(2)2S0xg) + 2CL{g) = 2 S02Cho(e)
overalls 2H,S(g) + 3 Oxlg) + 2 Ch(g) = 2 8O:Ch(g) + 2120)
2 2
[SO2Clo]'[H20]
b verall) =
) Qe (overall) [ST IOs} (ChE
2 2
_ [s0,)' ERO! [SQ2ChY _ [s0.Ch] GLOY
Qc, x Qa ="Frertog? * (SOnFICk? — (HsSI'{OxF (CLT
17.80 a) left b) no change ¢) no change
d) no change e) right
17.87 2NOgg) = 2NO(g) + Og) Ka = Ko = 11x10"
2NO(g} = Nafg) + On(a) Ko = Ke" = 4.3 x 10
overall: 2 NOo(g) = Nag) + 20x(g) Ke (overall) = Ke: ¥ Kier = 4.8 X 10° M
