Download American History Study Guide: Origins of the Civil War and Its Consequences - Prof. Robert and more Study notes World History in PDF only on Docsity! HIS 1001 UMSL Fall 2010 Dr. Bob Ubriaco Final Examination Study Guide Part One: Historical Identifications (50 points/10 points each) You will be responsible for providing the definition and the historical significance of FIVE the following: Henry Clay and the American System- Henry Clay was a candidate in the election of 1824 who framed his campaign around the American System, a program that promoted internal improvements. These improvements, such as roads and canals, would be the essential infrastructure necessary for a capitalist industrial takeoff. Andrew Jackson and the Nullification Crisis- In response to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 that helped Andrew Jackson win presidency, South Carolina declared the tariffs to be null and void and threatened to secede if federal officials tried to collect them. This was based on the claims by localists that these tariffs were unconstitutional. Shows the South’s movement towards secession and growing tensions. The Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears- When Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act that offered Native Americans from Oklahoma and Kansas money in exchange for their land, several Native Americans refused to leave. When this occurred, Gen. Winfield Scott was sent to march 14,000 Cherokees 1,200 miles to Indian Territory. This showed American want for westward expansion and unequal status of Native Americans. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism John Humphrey Noyes and the Oneida Community David Walker and An Appeal … to the Colored Citizens of the World William Lloyd Garrison-Most uncompromising abolitionist. Established the American Anti-Slavery Society. Abolition of slavery without compensation to slave holders. The Seneca Falls Convention (1848)- meeting for womens rights with NY women. Discussed resolutions and women’s right to vote. Seen as a continuing effort for women’s social, civil and moral rights. King Cotton- nonslaveholders aspire to be because it would lead to wealth. King Cotton was a phrase used by south to show importance of cotton as a cash crop. The “Second Middle Passage”-moving slaves to the west and separating families. Similar to relocation of slaves from Africa Paternalism- Belief that slaves have it better in bondage than the life of industrial workers. Slave owners take care of their slaves which developed the idea of paternalism. Must not forget that slavery is bad, though. Frederick Douglass – disruption of family life: taken from mother as a slave child. After escaping, later became one of the leaders of the abolition movement and proved that African Americans had intellectual capacity. Manifest Destiny- idea that destined to expand through the continent. Used to justify Mexican- american war. The Wilmot Proviso- ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. The Compromise of 1850- 5 separate laws. Fugitive Slave Act, California as a free state, resolved boundary dispute between new mexico and texas, abolished slave trade in district of Columbia, and organized rest of lands acquired from Mexico. Threat of secession Personal-liberty laws- When the Fugitive Slave Act was enacted, Northern legislature opposed and created these laws to protect all residents in the states and keep the federal govt out. These acts failed because the feds said that they have more power over state laws. The Kansas-Nebraska Act-Stephen A. Douglas creates a bill that suggests that organize a large free territory of Nebraska and another territory of Kansas that would be determined free or slave state based on popular sovereignty. Led to bleeding Kansas because fighting over free or slave. War of abolition. Dred Scott- case where slave goes to Illinois with master and sues for freedom since brought to a free state. Supreme court decided that slaves can’t sue. Constitution never intended to protect slaves and slaves considered to be property. The Republican Party- Lincolns party. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates- increasing sectional controversy. Main issue discussed was slavery. John Brown- harpers ferry. On October 16, 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of 21 men in a raid on the arsenal. Catalyst for civil war. Brown tried for treason. The Crittenden Compromise- to avoid war: 1. Constitutional amendment that would protect slavery from federal interference, 2. Protect expansion of slavery. Lincoln rejects compromise because doesn’t want slavery to expand. Shows that this is past the point of political compromise. Fort Sumter- shots initiating civil war. South Carolina, demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Garrison commander Anderson refused. On April 12, Confederate batteries opened fire on the fort, which was unable to reply effectively. At 2:30 pm, April 13, Major Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter, evacuating the garrison on the following day. The bombardment of Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War. Although there were no casualties during the bombardment, one Union artillerist was killed and three wounded (one mortally) when a cannon exploded prematurely while firing a salute during the evacuation on April 14. Antietam-
