ET304a Laboratory 5 Thevenin's and Norton's Theorem and ..., Exercises of Construction

Download ET304a Laboratory 5 Thevenin's and Norton's Theorem and ... and more Exercises Construction in PDF only on Docsity! ET304a Laboratory 5 Thevenin's and Norton's Theorem and the Principle of Superposition Purpose: Experimentally determine the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits by measuring the open circuit voltage and short circuit currents of the test circuits. Use the principle of superposition along with Thenvenin's and Norton's theorems to reduce complex circuits to simple voltage and current source models. Compute the theoretical equivalents and compare them to the experimental equivalents. Objectives: Develop circuit construction skills. Develop dc circuit voltage and current measurement skills. Make lab measurements that verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems. Experimentally apply the principle of superposition in the laboratory. Procedure 1.) Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1 and measure the voltage, Vab, across the 10 kΩ resistor. Record the value of Vab for future use in Table 1. Use a dc power supply for the battery + Vab - + B1 10V R5 10k R4 6.8k R3 15k R2 8.2k R1 4.7k a b Figure 1. Test Circuit for Part 1of the Experiment. 2.) Remove the 10 kΩ resistor from the circuit in Figure 1 and measure the Thevenin's open circuit voltage, Voc, for the remaining circuit. Figure 2 shows the circuit used to make the open circuit voltage measurements. 1 + Voc - + B1 10V R4 6.8k R3 15k R2 8.2k R1 4.7k a b Figure 2. Circuit Connections for Measuring Thevenin's Open Circuit Voltage. 3.) Connect an ammeter between the points a and b as shown in Figure 3 and measure the short circuit current, Isc. Record the value in Table 1 for future use. Note the positive direction of current flow. + B1 10V R4 6.8k R3 15k R2 8.2k R1 4.7k Isc a b A Figure 3. Short Circuit Current Measurement. 4.) From the measurements made in parts 2 and 3, calculate the Thevenin's equivalent resistance for the circuit. This is numerically equal to the Norton's equivalent resistance. Use the formula below to find these values. sc oc NTH I V RR == , where: RTH = the Thevenin's equivalent resistance RN = the Norton's equivalent resistance. 2 value in Table 3. Add these three measurements to find the total response and record it in Table 3. 17.) Repeat steps 4 and 5 above for the circuits in Figures 6, 7, and 8. Record the values in Table 3. R5 5.6k + B3 15V+ B2 15V + B1 5V R4 6.8k R2 4.7k R1 8.2k a b + - Voc Figure 7. Open Circuit Voltage Measurement For Circuit 3. R5 5.6k + B3 15V+ B2 15V + B1 5V R4 6.8k R2 4.7k R1 8.2k a b Isc A Figure 8. Short Circuit Current Measurement For Circuit 3. 18.) Using the Thevenin's equivalent circuit, compute the value of Vab with the 15 kΩ resistor attached to points a-b. 19.) Using the Norton's equivalent circuit, compute the value of Vab with the 15 kΩ resistor attached to points a-b. 5 Report: 1.) Follow the standard laboratory report procedures and format. 2.) Compute the theoretical values for all of the measured superposition values. Include drawings of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits with all values labeled. 3.) Compare the theoretical values to the measured values by computing the percentage error between the theoretical and measured values. Use the formula below to compute the percentage error. %100 valueltheoretica value)measured - valueltheoretica(error% ×= Discuss the sources of the error. 6 Table 1- Figure 1 Circuit Quantity Value Measured Theoretical Vab (V) Voc (V) Isc (mA) RTH (kΩ) RN (kΩ) Vab (Thevenin) Vab (Norton) Table 2- Figure 4 Circuit Quantity Value Measured Theoretical Vab (V) Vab (V) 5Vdc Source Vab (V) –15Vdc Source Vab (V) sum Voc (V) Isc (mA) RTH (kΩ) RN (kΩ) Vab (Thevenin) Vab (Norton) Table 3- Figure 6 Circuit Quantity Value Measured Theoretical Vab (V) Vab (V) 5Vdc Source Vab (V) –15Vdc Source Vab (V) +15Vdc Source Vab (V) sum Voc (V) Isc (mA) RTH (kΩ) RN (kΩ) Vab (Thevenin) Vab (Norton) 7