European History Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of World Religions

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EUH Final exam questions and answers This man, after whom a mendicant order was named, had a profound religious experience after a night of revelry. - correct answer St. Francis of Assissi Women were completely barred from the Mendicant Orders due to restrictions on preaching and the need to live a life of poverty. - correct answer False Laymen (many of peasant origin) who were welcomed into Cistercian communities in exchange for their labor were known as - correct answer conversi Which monastic order originally rose against worldliness and complacency at the beginning of the 10th century? - correct answer Cluniacs What is the heresy that held a dualistic theology and protested against ecclesiastical wealth and power? - correct answer Cathars One of many monastic movements that lived in small groups where they worshiped together in a communal chapel but lived separated from one another in individual cells - correct answer Carthusians EUH Final exam questions and answers The Franciscans have always maintained their emphasis on personal and corporate poverty and informal preaching rather than formal education - correct answer False Heretical order that argued that anyone should have the right to preach spiritual truths, not just Church-approved groups. - correct answer Waldensians Dualistic Theology believed that there were two "gods", one good god that ruled over the spirit and one bad god that ruled over the material world - correct answer True What is the persistent incorrect practice of a religion according to the majority recognized leadership of that religion? - correct answer heresy In a monastic order, a priory was any monastery subject to the "mother house" - correct answer True Which of the following was the first Christian monastic order in Europe? - correct answer Cluniacs The beguines were a female religious movement that lived together like nuns but only took temporary orders and could leave the community at will - correct answer True EUH Final exam questions and answers Which of the seven sacraments prepared the soul for the afterlife? - correct answer extreme unction By the 1200s, who was considered the person who was able to decide what was considered orthodox and what was not for the medieval Catholic Church. - correct answer the Pope The beguines were a female religious movement that lived together like nuns but only took temporary orders and could leave the community at will - correct answer True What were the two reasons nunneries (female monasteries) were eventually closed by the monastic orders? Choose the two answers that apply. - correct answer The maintenance of the nunneries was not cost effective since women could not perform the Christian rituals that helped finance monasteries Women were seen as more sexual creatures and a temptation to pious Church men According to his Regulations of the Property of Cluny, what was life like for the brothers of Cluny before Peter became abbot of Cluny? - correct answer The monastery had very little money to feed the brothers and the food was very poor EUH Final exam questions and answers According to Peter the Venerable, the monastery of Cluny's greatest strength is one of first items criticized by the Cistercians: its accessibility to Christians across the wider world. - correct answer True The crusade that took place in Iberia resulted in three reorganized Christian kingdoms. Identify those kingdoms below. Choose all that apply. - correct answer Castile Portugal Aragon Name the theory originally posited by the theologian, Augustine of Hippo, which argued that Christians could participate in war as long as it was conducted with certain criteria including having the war called by an authority figure, not participating for material gain, and serving for the purpose of protecting Christians. - correct answer Just War Theory What is the prevailing theory as to why the Europeans of the First Crusade were able to conquer sections of the Middle East? - correct answer The Seljuk Turks were divided into various tribes meaning they were simultaneously fighting one another and the Europeans What extremely controversial act did the Fourth Crusaders commit? - correct answer Sacked a Christian-held city EUH Final exam questions and answers Who was the religious zealot that incited the premature movement of untrained European warriors to conquer the Holy Land, known as the "People's Crusade". - correct answer Peter the Hermit Bernard of Clairvaux's preaching helped to inspire the Second Crusade and brought regal support to the cause - correct answer True Which of the great kings of medieval Europe were leaders in the Third Crusade? Choose all that apply. - correct answer Fredrick Barbarossa Richard the Lion-Hearted Phillip Augustus Byzantine emperor that appealed to the pope for military aid, resulting in the crusades - correct answer Alexius Comnenus Identify the Crusader states below. Choose all that apply. - correct answer Principality of Antioch Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Edessa What was the name of the nomadic, Islamic group that slowly conquered parts of the Byzantine Empire, eventually leading to the First Crusade. - correct answer Seljuk Turks EUH Final exam questions and answers According to Nicetas Choniates in his The Sack of Constantinople, the worst offense was not that the Crusaders overthrew the Emperor but that they ransacked churches. - correct answer True In his call to the First Crusade, what does Pope Urban allude to as the reward for all of those that go on Crusade? - correct answer The heavenly reward of eternal life English monarch that once again solidified the power of the king by controlling Parliament, developing English bureaucracy, and placing all of England and Wales under his control - correct answer Edward I The English royal treasury was referred to as the - correct answer Exchequer The Estates General was a legislative body composed of the three estates: the nobles, the clergy, and the townspeople - correct answer True Foreigner duke that conquered England in one sweep in 1066 and disestablished the Anglo-Saxon noble with his own loyal followers. - correct answer William the Conqueror EUH Final exam questions and answers Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa attempted to rebuild the imperial power by acquiring/supporting what two assets for his empire. - correct answer bureaucrats and money The Constitution of Melfi was uniform legal code for the French monarchy - correct answer False Anglo-Saxon royal agents that helped to connect the monarchy with county or shire courts. - correct answer sheriffs French king that assembled the Estates General for the first time - correct answer Phillip the Fair While results varied across the board, generally the more a monarch relied upon the law to run his kingdom the worse his kingdom did. - correct answer False French monarch that is credited with ending the Angevin empire. - correct answer Phillip II Augustus Which king signed the Magna Carta? - correct answer King John The king of England was actually a vassal to which European monarch? - correct answer French King EUH Final exam questions and answers Fredrick I of the Holy Roman Empire fought hard to take control of the Lombard territories of Northern Italy to help establish his reign. This policy while effective was costly for three reasons. Identify the correct reasons below. Choose all that apply. - correct answer -The Papacy resented imperial control of the region -Fredrick's focus on Italy took him time away from his German holdings -The Lombard territories were independently governed and resented his claims In the English monarchy, the diminutive and mobile royal establishment that kept records of financial and legislative matters while the king was on the move was called what? - correct answer Household The archbishop of Canterbury that was allegedly killed on the orders of King Henry II of England over the control of the English branch of the Church. - correct answer Thomas Becket The founder of the Capetian dynasty in France - correct answer Hugh Capet EUH Final exam questions and answers This figure became known for using assassination and treachery in order to carve out a small state for his family in the middle of Italy with the support of his father, who served as pope. - correct answer Cesare Borgia The Black Death was so terrifying that some people began to blame other religious groups for the infection. Which religious group in Western Europe was often persecuted as instigators of the plague? - correct answer Jews The 14th and 15th centuries introduced a number of developing concepts within the Catholic faith, including the growing importance of purgatory, which is - correct answer a place where souls are cleansed before they enter heaven The Black Death was a traumatizing event that pushed Europe onto an even more religious, evangelical tract. As a result of this, the office of the papacy became more powerful than ever before. - correct answer False One of the many consequences of the Black Death was the general erosion of serfdom across northwestern Europe. According to Bennett this was because of - correct answer a gradual deterioration of serfdom's economic and idealogical basis EUH Final exam questions and answers The Black Death can manifest in the body in bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic form - correct answer True To what location did the Papacy move to in early fourteenth century? - correct answer Avignon Peasant revolts, rising wages, and dropping grain prices were indicators of the end of what medieval economic system in Western Europe? - correct answer serfdom The initiative to make Church councils, not popes the supreme authority within the Church - correct answer Conciliar movement The Papal Schism of 1378 was the division of the papacy resulting in multiple popes and multiple papal bureaucracies. - correct answer True The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges of 1438 set limits on papal involvement in this nations religious institutions. - correct answer French Continent-wide event in Europe that occurred due to the change in climate before the Black Death and resulted in the death of 10% of the population in Europe. - correct answer The Great Famine EUH Final exam questions and answers The Plague was a massive pandemic that effected a huge portion of the world's population, but it disappeared once it enough people had been exposed to an recovered from the disease. - correct answer False According to medieval medical theory, infection from the Plague could be prevented by breathing in the scent from herbs and flowers to create good air. - correct answer True What is the bacterium that has been determined to be the cause of the Black Death? - correct answer Yersinia Pestis Merchant group that unwittingly brought the Plague to Europe from the Mongolian Steppes. - correct answer Genoese According to the various primary sources on the persecution of the Jews brought on by the Plague, what were the Jews accused of doing? - correct answer Poisoning water sources According to Procopius where did the Plague of Justinian originate? - correct answer Egypt According to the Decree of the Council of Pisa, the new Pope elected by the council must promise not to dissolve the council until the Church has been reformed in accordance with the Council's discretion. What EUH Final exam questions and answers Identify all of the items listed below that are primary causes of the Hundred Years War. Choose all that apply. - correct answer English claims on French land Competition over political control of Flanders Dispute over legitimate claims to the French throne This imperial dynasty held unchallenged control over Austria until the 18th century - correct answer Hapsburgs The dynastic marriage between Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand unified all of the states of the Iberian Peninsula. - correct answer False The "conversos" of Christian Spain were those who - correct answer converted to Christianity, but hoped to continue practicing their original faith in secret Peasant girl who helped to rally French troops against the English in battle and helped to crown Charles VII as King of France. - correct answer Joan of Arc EUH Final exam questions and answers Known as the "Spider King", this French ruler was able to (re)consolidate French authority in the throne after the tumultuous Hundred Years War. - correct answer Louis XI With the political unrest of the 14th and 15th century, there were often warring families competing for control. What were the two families that fought one another after the rule of Charles VI "The Mad"? - correct answer House of Orleans and House of Burgundy With change in troop dynamics limiting the number of lower class foot soldiers and increasing the number of noblemen fighting in the battles, it became more common for capture troops to be ransomed rather than killed by the enemy side. - correct answer False What was the name of the leader who demanded an end to serfdom in England in the year 1381? - correct answer Wat Tyler According to Bennett, one of these ideological concepts was a motivator for the Hundred Years War. - correct answer Chivalry Conflict between France and England that lasted 116 years - correct answer Hundred Years War One major change in the conduct of warfare during the Hundred Years' War that had a lasting impact was that it led kingdoms to hire EUH Final exam questions and answers permanent standing armies to protect their kingdoms. - correct answer True Jean Froissart's chronicle of the Battle of Crecy during the Hundred Years War reveals that the English used archers. - correct answer True What is the stated intent in Joan of Arc's Letter to the King of England? - correct answer To demand the immediate windrawal of all English forces and demand restitution According to the Anonimalle Chronicle, who killed Wat Tyler? - correct answer The Mayor of London Jean Froissart's chronicle of the ravages during the 1370s during the Hundred Years War reveals that noncombatants, such as men, women and children, were purposefully killed and not simply casualties of war. - correct answer True Jean Froissart's chronicle of the Battle of Poitiers during the Hundred Years War reveals that the English Prince, Edward the Black Prince, was captured. - correct answer False