The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU: Freedom to Conduct a Business, Slides of Clinical Psychology

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The Charter of Fundamental Rights – Freedom to conduct a business Dr Jonas Grimheden EJTN-FRA 19–20 April 2018 2 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU II Freedoms (Articles 6–19) II Freedo s (Articles 6–19) III Equality (Articles 20–26) III Equality (Articles 20–26) VI Justice (Articles 47–50) VI Justice (Articles 47–50) I Dignity (Articles 1–5) I Dignity (Articles 1–5) IV Solidarity (Articles 27–38) IV Solidarity (Articles 27–38) V Citizens’ rights (Articles 39–46) V Citizens’ rights (Articles 39–46) VII General provisions (Articles 51–54) VII General provisions (Articles 51–54) PreamblePrea ble 6 Liberty and security 6 Liberty and security 7 Private and family life 7 Private and fa ily life 8 Personal data 8 Personal data 9 Marry and found family 9 arry and found fa ily 10 Thought conscience and religion 10 Thought conscience and religion 11 Expression and information 11 Expression and infor ation 12 Assembly and association 12 Asse bly and association 13 Arts and sciences 13 Arts and sciences 14 Education 14 Education 15 Choose occupation and engage in work 15 Choose occupation and engage in work 16 Conduct a business 16 Conduct a business 17 Property 17 Property 18 Asylum18 Asylu 19 Removal, expulsion or extradition 19 Re oval, expulsion or extradition 1 Human dignity 1 Hu an dignity 2 Life 2 Life 3 Integrity of the person 3 Integrity of the person 4 Torture and inhuman degrading treatment or punishment 4 Torture and inhu an degrading treat ent or punish ent 5 Slavery and forced labour 5 Slavery and forced labour 20 Equality before the law 20 Equality before the law 27 Workers right to information and consultation 27 orkers right to infor ation and consultation 39 Vote and stand as candidate to EP 39 Vote and stand as candidate to EP 47 Effective remedy and fair trial 47 Effective re edy and fair trial 51 Application 51 Application Peace – common values Peace – co on values Universa l values Universa l values Diversity, etc Diversity, etc Rights more visible Rights ore visible Reaffirms const. and int’l rights Reaffir s const. and int’l rights Rights, duties, responsibilities Rights, duties, responsibilities Rights, freedoms and principles Rights, freedo s and principles 26 Integration of persons with disabilities 26 Integration of persons with disabilities 25 Elderly 25 Elderly 24 The child 24 The child 23 Equality: men and women 23 Equality: en and wo en 22 Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity 22 Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity 21 Non- discrimination 21 Non- discri ination 28 collective bargaining and action 28 collective bargaining and action 29 Access to placement services 29 Access to place ent services 30 Unjustified dismissal 30 Unjustified dis issal 31 Fair and just working conditions 31 Fair and just working conditions 32 Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work 32 Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work 33 Family and professional life 33 Fa ily and professional life 34 Social security and assistance 34 Social security and assistance 35 Health care 35 Health care 36 Access to services of general economic interest 36 Access to services of general econo ic interest 37 Environmental protection 37 Environ ental protection 38 Consumer protection 38 Consu er protection 42 Access to documents 42 Access to docu ents 43 European ombudsman 43 European o buds an 44 Petition (EP)44 Petition (EP) 45 Movement and residence 45 ove ent and residence 46 Diplomatic and consular protection 46 Diplo atic and consular protection 40 Vote and stand as candidate at municipal elections 40 Vote and stand as candidate at unicipal elections 41 Good administration 41 Good ad inistration 48 Presumption of innocence and right of defence 48 Presu ption of innocence and right of defence 49 Legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties 49 Legality and proportionality of cri inal offences and penalties 50 Ne bis in idem 50 Ne bis in ide 53 Level of protection 53 Level of protection 52 Scope and interpretation 52 Scope and interpretation 54 Prohibition of abuse of rights 54 Prohibition of abuse of rights 5 The Evolution of Fundamental Rights Charters and Case Law (2011), European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies Right EU Charter provision United NationsCouncil of Europe Dignity 1 UDHR 1; ICCPR 1; ICESCR 1 Life 2(1) UDHR 3; ICCPR 6(1)+ECHR 2 No death penalty 2(2) ICCPR 6(2-6)+ECHR P13 1 Physical/mental integrity 3(1) ICCPR 7Biomedical Conv. 1 Informed consent 3(2) Biomedical Conv. 5-9 Anti-eugenics 3(2) UDHR 16Biomedical Conv. 11-14 Profit from body 3(2) Biomedical Conv. 21 Anti-cloning 3(2) Decl. on Human CloningBiomedical Conv. P on cloning Torture 4 UDHR 5; ICCPR 7; CATECHR 3 Slavery 5(1) UDHR 4; ICCPR 8ECHR 4(1) Forced labour 5(2) ICCPR 8(3)ECHR 4(2-3) Liberty and security 6 UDHR 3 & 9; ICCPR 9 &10ECHR 5 & P4 1 Privacy and family 7 UDHR 12ECHR 8+ Personal data 8 Conv. 108 Marriage and form family 9 UDHR 16; ICCPR 23(2-4)ECHR 12 Thought and conscience 10(1) UDHR 18; ICCPR 18+ECHR 9 Expression 11(1) UDHR 19; ICCPR 19+ECHR 10+ Media 11(2) UDHR 19; ICCPR 19+ECHR 10+ Assembly and association 12 UDHR 20 & 23(4); ICCPR 20-22; ICESCR 8ECHR 11+ Arts and sciences 13 ICESCR 15(2-3)Biomedical Conv. Expl. notes Access to education 14(1) UDHR 26(1)ECHR P1 2 Free compulsory education 14(2) UDHR 26(1); ICESCR 13(1-2) & 14 Parents choice of education 14(3)+ UDHR 26(3); ICCPR 18(4); ICESCR 13(3)ECHR P1 2+ Occupation (choice) 15(1) ESC 1UDHR 23(1); ICESCR 6(1) Occupation (movement) 15(2) ESC 18ESC 18 Parity of conditions 15(3) ESC 19 Conduct business 16 Property 17+ UDHR 17ECHR P1 1+ Intellectual property 17(2) UDHR 27(2) D ig n it y Fr e ed o m s Asylum 18 UDHR 14 Collective expulsion 19(1) CERD 5ECHR P4 4 Deportation with risk 19(2) CAT 3ECHR 3 (Seoering v UK) Human trafficking 5(3) ICCPR 8(1-2)Conv. Trafficking in Human Beings Conscientious objection 10(2) UDHR 18; ICCPR 18+ECHR 9 6 Context • A modern supplement to the right to work (Art. 15 of the Charter) and workers’ rights (Title IV) – Greater reliance on FCB would bode well for a more inclusive growth model, with migrants, youth and women • ECHR, ICCPR - property • ICESCR Art. 6 (1); CRPD Art. 27 • EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – ‘human’ right? SMEs, TNC? • Enhanced protection (beyond right of establishment, TFEU Art. 49 et seq) – In the area of EU law – not limited to EU citizens; applicable also to companies; and not hinging on a cross-border situation BIFRA EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Freedom to conduct a business e Constitutional traditions *1791 France +1830 Balgium +1549 Denmark + 1864 Sweden *1867 Austria +1868 Luxembourg + 1937 Ireland 21948 Italy 1949 Germany + 1560 Cyprus 21964 Malta +1975 Greece +1976 Portugal +1078 Spain *1990 Croatia +1991 Bulgaria, Slovenia +1992 Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Slovakia +1993 Latvia +1997 Poland ».1999 Finland +2003 Romania +2011 Hungary (CIA CRT] exploring the dime a fundamental right 10 Court of Justice on Art. 16 ‘since Lisbon’ • 33 judgments with reference in ‘grounds’ – 23 with relevance given to Art. 16 – 8 finds that Art. 16 is not complied with • Often together with Articles 15 and 17, as well as TFEU 49 • The wording of the Article referring to EU law etc makes it more prone to wider ‘margin of appreciation’ • Concessions, regulatory restrictions, etc – Wide discretion (e.g. gaming licenses – “significant moral, religious and cultural differences”) • Rights are not absolute but if ‘the total right’ is at risk … 11 CJEU on Art. 16 Case Issues ‘right’ ‘balanced’ Scarlet Extended C-70/10 (BE) Intellectual property rights; proportionality SABAM C-360/10 (BE) Proportionality DR and TV2 Danmark C-510/10 (DK) Compensation Deutsches Weintor C-544/10 (DE) Health Interseroh Scrap … C-1/11 (DE) Waste; business secrets McDonagh v Ryanair C-12/11 (IE) Assistance (Eyjafjallajökull); consumer protection Sky Österreich C-283/11 (AT) Public interest Alemo-Herron … C-426/11 (UK) Workers’ rights Schaible C-101/12 (DE) UPC Telekabel Wien C-314/12 (AT) Intellectual property Sokoll-Seebacher C-367/12 (AT) New pharmacy establishment Pfleger and Others C-390/12 (AT) Gaming machines Pelckmans Turnhout C-483/12 (BE) Non-discrimination; prevented from open shop on Sundays Outside scope of EU law Érsekcsanádi Mezőg… C-56/13 (HU) Neptune Distribution C-157/14 (FR) Stylinart C-282/14 (PL) Outside scope of EU law Polkomtel C-397/14 (PL) Ratione temporis – before Lisbon Bayer CropScience C-442/14 (NL) Environmental protection Art. 49 TFEU used instead Pillbox 38 (WHO) C-477/14 (UK) Mc Fadden v Sony C-484/14 (DE) Rosneft C-72/15 (UK) Lidl C-134/15 (DE) Not relevant G4S Secure Solutions C-157/15 (NL) Headscarves; when in contact with customers AGET Iraklis C-201/15 (EL) Working conditions Striani and Others C-299/15 (BE) Outside scope of EU law Uber Belgium C-526/15 (BE) De F. Hoffmann-La Roche C-572/15 (EE) Medicin Not dealt with Asklepios C-680/15 + C-681/15 (DE) Transfer of company Puškár C-73/16 (SK) Taxation; Criminal procedural rights; Proportionality Not dealt with Polkomtel C-277/16 (PL) Market dominance; price setting Global Starnet C-322/16 (IT) Gaming concessions BB construct C-534/16 (SK) Fraud prevention; guarantor 8 15 DE 6 BE 5 AT 4 PL 3 UK 2 … aBFRA EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Jonas.Grimheden@fra.Europa.eu