Evolution and Taxonomy - Biology of Animals | BIO 1303, Study notes of Biology

Download Evolution and Taxonomy - Biology of Animals | BIO 1303 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! -Bio of Animals - §-2(e-04 Unit 1 - Evolution Toxonamy - araites_elety aolution Paverchiqm in Brolony theory 45" toured uniFiend Hume Loncept Geology - Plae Ach konicS (paradigm) Phystes- Relativity (parackigm) (ymost evchids * mary * Sectin qvist inshanbly Evolution = Wchdefinition: — chongt in gene Frequencies Ouert ime Over O& period of Hime. Pruchcal olf: erage in _Chavacenh'cs of X OrNISMS ACYOSS GProcatons . Amectornay-| mor prology ~“oxdly plan" * below ior #3 , é i. vnechamisms The ids, of CWolukon {S much alder than PRarwin. mnivtic Avivy “Darwin presenkd a mechanism Matured selection) < genehc dn'et Nokural Selechon = catd on 3 oloseruations O Individuals vary in characteristics A) Ws oe a Neritao% Component + variation C" oREspring ork to vestmilo panuts") @ Troividua(s wir certain variations will survive beter and cepraduice loeHer Han ofhuvs Ne vl advantages) a | ay ee OUTCOME Thee w/ the betky variatons will became more common in Hye fudue QenorLTiONs . Neussan & Buffiviook conditims fr evolution By rghit selecton.. ae 2 Impoviant Outcoms of Evotukion ® Adaptation “Trait or charactoristic Hrokcamnaloout by Ht Orociss OF valued selection @ Spec iakor 2) . if populattons eon isolate (prysicatly) 4 (et £0) Giverag Clotcome diff. Gorn ea-otuy) =F lindupendond Evolution iN Gv [mportent lm oli cations eet All organisms ane disterdal frm a single Common ancestor. ~ abl omganisms avt related by a Single Unique lineage L seeds Com bev elated Hheugts O single line. comvan = Ast’ -CLASSIFLATION= 15 conurmed wien groupieg atts” into nierardntad sdhywy oF odanizaton ‘ ' -E “Tax onomy - Hu seen of naming organisms ~ “aming species A * Systematic§ - the sdena of dedermining Now organisms Gr Yolatal. > FeSolvin cP Cp the ad b 7 Ae bs é . é Patten 9 jn ell XN oF ye : / ae aie i ana? (ore ee WNIT 7 Chil Protozoan Groups — (aot animals) C@ 200 anions Like) BH Al — Prolista — ANeluds ocganisrs rat ae BAN plant Ine € avidid lice - ProtozcanS ~ animal (ie nocetl wall NO Photosynthesis (Sema prvtozears ole) MOVE at Somw poink in ViFe eyce Con trast EavMis - Poo Karyores* “Eu kav yotes -senatl cell ‘Iqvoer cells U.boitt yoo Smal cells ; trade want veal ‘ldcks Menbranw bound PULLS, nudes ONA> (anuclenie) most organelle Maved ebackvies WIE O|ANISMS i les “(ne mikethondviay SY Peotekaryoles oO eucular RX og prtve DNA Aewo'c = are angewoiclly baclvia oro {ob to produce ATP) surved Yoon ~ nctorneadiia nd Dostold WA gas rae? an. Fe OM a Ys Gerwal Cramckrishics for aleencts wntul Nov. 304 A. Unieeil ulav BL edonies of Sing celb (no cell special cater Ah Mee Sama.) B. All Ik Prceses ote in sivgle cell y & Rack (MGSO, exerchon *F locomolion p22\ C. Lotomotron - yaviabiamerg (ana. O~? 20 lagella ~ Whiplite +ail a -alia ~haje like shuctues SF ~ pxudopidia- “False fect’ ; - OR no seccialized orgarutus — edo Parasi €5 0° 225 Ds Nutikon ~ Vana among tha taxa. ) Quubotrephic — Rid Lrumselues (mats owe food) <kke plants? O Chlovopy! > produce no & Phorosyintiusts ZN Se aa agts fool Com an soci ene (eae a) SapOZOE ~ AOSKIO Kak neigh cer wall (a bseo wurieds fom coatey Hough cell memlorare ) <semi-permiaby numba? b) holoacic - ings’ Sood Prrcugh a Ce mouth om ©) parasitic is Sa dlivecHly From live hast (geraratly dowd mow) @ 022@ EE. Exevetion - by dif Fusion Shraugh cell membrane Y F. Qsinadil regulation. ~ (kaping rignt salt/ wate ba lace) “Contrache VOewous - (ocganalgs Heat pump wucler uc of cell) 0 Fresn Salt L + Maleate 7 G. Rosca to requires O2 Gin) COz (ox) ~ NO Special ogayulls @ Oct CO, by cliffusion ~ => ~~~ Se eer re errr rrr p2zZZt © be Us. Rprduection a. 21 (etl splits) by SIMPL mitosis - ND nuw DNA iS pedueed — (exact copy) mother Cel “Caen (clones) MD Binary fission A) > © (equal) dinsjon) py Eq Avision | pom TT. Budding - unequal) division by unequal Pission praduds Garigiter Adtitabiy sweater fone tured) Meter ce daughter cell — >» oO * Bud TM. Multiple Fission ~rurcluus divides moe Han one ; Men eropiasm divides [Hotughtercells = ruc’ 13 ~ typ icolly Ferm Coole (Hw speclesthatols this) SExuide ReProductian ~iACWUDYS MIOsIS. inadd. fo Mitosis “v\ndividuals are combontry gewhc rruteriel ov trodlerg DAA. ~Risuct: ‘now neliviclual s * cell olivion Hat leaves unpaived DNA wg , Oo “dSopaxd to = ORS asKuad ork Blue S dO nk = 8 Camere ® (eggs & seem) Na is pairel BVA is haploid diploid -2 N) (unpaired) = IN p23) jh 34 Life cle of Plasimadi Mm (macaniay yo nest iV eyce / = Q ingcts \oload S— “I matania s GamevouytS Graplod eglls) > gomulcoryies Nav? vives Q® Fenli2ation i, MOS pui kos ger 8 Dipcd ealls\ form Sporroy les (spove-lie ells) migrate to Salven, Glands © wolaria Spor apd TaeCled (niko huwan blocs WN iuman eo. Asexual Pro fevakion (oecomning, numer | WW Viver + thon j 1asids Cd Block Celis © Riduekion division - diploid eas Gporocytes) dives ino haploid Gara tocyies e24\ () Amibas (Grea) Taxonomy 3 SYSTEM TGS IN ELUK — Conangirg) ~ PsudoPalia = loeomotion ~ SoMe way COUG dysentery” ~but most ave hans ol ig un ? Rn) UNTT 3 — Radiates Pe ge Meazoans - mudhedluly qnimals Jen “Not ony composed of mary etiS, Show call oi Ferbiakion SAME ONA Radioles = Rocied Symmebry = Show more thon Q planes Symmery= of Syminvtry diviclt jato seo, fl mirror imag: e5, hot Caron ares) vedio Syarudly es Zh Phyium — Parifera Q Sponges ad . Ponilera = pore beaving® al spongy nave @poves Chavaelertskics “ MNBATOA — (GIFF cull yes) ~ feuscetl ype * ald do not o@anize into Hsus ‘No OTOANS, NOorgan syskins (eg. no neous Sysem) * Pores + canals for egater Flas + Biter Readers es “ SES = attachudl Jo sur face ~ inkmad “Stelon” of seevetions of calls = spicas olor seangin 7 Callagen » Most form colonses * Caors 9 * liven wake 2 Aquahc — mos liver Saltuvaky + Maviat. * Som vadialh symnutricas e ~ Many ave NO Syinrnatry ele Weagu le ly Shaped > Spooops fet) py 25 SB Plawy = morenalogy w .) Simolest Asconcid ~ ube sraped sponge am “p a can use Hails morphology fo _illusmuie alt 3. o- - I ross SeaiON & we , sae . { reel ia Gporgeecee! or << tho |, Cary . Scale PAGE foel" a fe F ‘ovens Sea eee 4 ma 4 » S _ ry e A/oq 4 es See i rn ally tie iw) xe tular ig , Pearce * Walkey pisses Hough Porocyks into spongesee| Shan Filkred by choanecy es, passed to GAlrcheacy (es \) Chonnocties = Voctlaka cells that iin iw Spangecee| beak to Creak” wolev Ubvett Pallas Orgenism 4 Filter food out of water A) fod is enguiFed by Phagoytosis The choanocyles Bo NOV chigest tu feel, thi foo! (S posse! to archacccytes (airevcceyey) ware Hu fel is dle qesiel. Nuimats — it Cuse bo other cells e oe Archaccayls - aldo Seevek Spiculis t Colgan (spengial => ——————~<— ~ Sysems - OLY cell feud Sprciali zabon © ee Filler feecay 5 Baldor a. Internal & Support C. Protech on BExevetwn — ameved of wastes) a. NO specialized Structure n AibCusion @ YW Riso. ration (loreathing) a. No se@ialized structure b, Aifusion to tly in alls + auto Ff cells ie © Necvous Sysem Q. NONE © (production a. tlsecual i nucding or Fraqmentadion_ SON into pied, GCh PrCE CIN Grow into Sponge: i. (tks to Rea regahion (xe form) ly i Gemmiules~ resistant Ke Stage» Fresnwaler sponges 5 Questions “laloy As wink appracus oF Straumndies « Sponqgs Fore cpm a VEPs prckek olay ells, clori ANlow waler ia of out of Spor b. Sexual i “Can be erty i, MonoecatS = hovmaphradite - “I ton OF pads Must Cross Ryatize , Cane fet. self. u 1, GiveciouS - 2 $ekes (works the samme) ate 2ygok > larvae Fre summing lave = Ant with ottan Cuments wich disperse yvidaly. sine dobulls ave sessile. - END oF S@ONGES™ 99, Ale\ PHYLUM Cnidaria cineHHe! bility fo Sting “Jellyfish — Corals 4 ol howe moll ~huydrozcans ~ Sa anemones Zoige pruylurr . 24,000 Speeivs Genaral Cravacteistics ® Radiat Symmety “can by divided into miner imaggs along, mull? AKG Ge tly 0 Jyh a. bivodlial Symmetry cs | ke wife coandllies, 2 acura) locame tion * proowams = sphencal symmetry ~ ball shaped - roll shivr. enwionrent (ie. Vatvex ) spore pl jtlyfn = = podial — Shak weak swimmers Franson HSI Me pePtbecigs,_ 5 Tetiionl — etigeeplines eek Boron chet basis @ Nemarcl yds $5 oven | ~ spetialind organels er stinging Cridocyte “1 rumalocyst = found ony in enidaria _ operculum ~ (cop) ~ Contairuc (A Speetilized eels enidoest Ee. cote Flameny- barb ° Crriclocy tes t] — “before isarging Vay high osmotic pressure in cell — when sulated , “Hu cil wrcoms permuabe fo water, Wale rushus (A wi grea fora. sending babe Ramet qutuad ? 9 year lo fr we mates col loi lie > eo " Many Nemateysts Now toxins — *MOSF ave painful Wout mo dangrous Yor humans . ~Pebuguese Man-o- War € some otley lovge jelly fish ton pe duatlly fe humans “Nema tocysts are Use loth for Pruectation dict fo immopilize Prey. Yop 9 heb “illo Gost marin, afew — fresh water G sebie or Free-Floak © two morphidogies ( boely forms) . ye te bess Z, Meds 8 (Free-suus mating) Meuth = oratend Fa, i nkac(g Costrowaselar > Cavity Ped) diSK atHedyd = abo end vas eQ\ Fatale oe © Tissue reel of organieatr “NO organs , Me Sysknd 1 od crt layers 9 - ouky — (ectoclam) itl 2. wnnev (endlodam Dipbblashe Or re oe , As OWweloprumt ph e gasrova Kul lav (quik ~~ wT eee ree  3. Respiration Fe(lia on a. simpe Ai{ Fusion Walls of Qushowseu (Gv cavity, PUMP Nuler ing lar Si Ze CVEAKES MDLEMS Wi relying Y, Lotometion os di thusion 1 a Polye i. by @ eptreliomusencay calls = epithaual calls Hat ean contract A, Moken~ Moving fentacles 8. glide on ped dék - Move (ke Bin inch worm ~ Some -Somersault - Yo We hea7t b. Medusa Grade oY) - contract body forcing wakir out e Quit | BsHom Move in Spurts _ 1p) +! onus Cn itloa Tost 230 5. Nervous "Systems" a. Nee Net 1. Hssuss UW, NO DGIN — (no ental prowssing unit) w, AFfuse (massages havel in all divections ) rans dlng innerside of both epidermis Grek gastroderins When stimulates ror pulses ar hangin Hed in all dueckons Brvougieautt enhee anid (eg) Wg a wk —_ . =a a (ERS lo. Sensory a. Chemoreceptors — (eng eiwmicals) eg) Uydia He chum Glutathion is regasel bby prey afky Striking Nand tocysts wnich Cues maudth toopen b. Techie (eppers — Clouch) C Gravity Receptors ~ keap muclusa upright (eg) Scy phozex + Avthro wa only i Stclocyst * wld Hat sense gravity d. Light Cecep tors ~ OCI =F Simple eyes Hat sere only ligict Reprecluction A. Both Sexual + Asexual 1 all ‘ ( ~\, Q) Asexuod SA I ouddling - * prucucing claw “gFrahally jdewntcal b) B Seual 1) Gonads (oor & pavts) 2.) form €995 Ot Sperm — read inte wculer 7 Ronsyeose of Lik Cues rs In Che liq O Hyelrozoa polyp stage is Asexual MAUS Sage i's Sexual DPoige °F @ “~ Aw? eo @ ta wer" spe \ OS 30? 4) NY aah ay Yate OS Cent oe Larue Tore a) G 4% ye Quinto poker > tex yo pay Aurelia & marine Scychozoan ae PSs » MUGS (Seaual Stage) ¥ wre eK us being eamary in eh ee i form OF SUC and Pg EEE Mee gy (i -sean g oe awa?) YY * Budding & litte 53 psn sect 2390 pianula a Pheyert Lee a =| wl YS ee [ Grvac Sie A Bilateval Symmetry UN \T 4 Phylum — Platyhelminthes ~ Flat worms - D Bilateras Syminetyy — (one plane of symmetry) © Triple blastic ptr - 3 gee layers - / oueroqy) @ A Coelomak mesodev" enlote, ’ “ee mada gr) erm “lacks & ¢oelum (one inner que 1) > Tmpsrtaat iy Ygur® laxgy Forming ooo Coelum= fluid covilgs a for ovgans) Rittecl cavity Hook Sumunds Hu qut be Undustand this we mst elk Aboot JUMP AWEAD / Rasdocodomaies Eucoe oaks Jal Ceeium frug Ceram jr r} ae pth jun WI 2A — eourds entire gut i Y eckeckiviny ae mn Q ® Repeat i ee (oy Asexual Fission Be Sexual Reprduegion ~ monecious— Normephdlic SEP parts in ONE id. ~ Self incompbinle (rant Fax. self) Class Cesfoda - tapeworms = ~ALL Rwasithc — because Hey can rely on host For somo vital procO5eS, Shuw A reduction in sysks — (cofffon Henw in aavasites) -No mautkh, nose, ears Struct (ousererest layer) sae Avach fp epithelillm of Nosts inkstmns progivthes (belyseqmatts) that is 1ike HS Own Oganisr (immature sexually) 2 Makure pogrotids HPS Cgiavid progicitids) Rovodluction Won cecious, ~eacn Weluve Prglottid hus Beth ovaries + Lestes. Mabure Progle tic 7 WOSderc? (ames outsperm) oor I 7% c Liisa ovaries _ <a agi Uterus (varere ayyok vel) yar giards  Inkewal Fertilization “sperm from @ different Payictid passes Hrowgh Vagind - ~ ferteliaa egg5 Fromovary ~ dloposited “i, eruS. ~ shall embryos ave Yeas into Hw <nviroamet 4 shy OHuy Syskms Sanwas Plano execpt : @ Drgsti ve System “completely loc tg ~ absorbs ~ food from Most. __ surface Many GaP RID. ISLAN folds tro ee wd yfa@arte tov @ASOr _ ® Sentry Systems “ " x ~ FW oy Mo SK OVGans . “Bae Tapewncn Comsat fs wah weed rae, — CIR Cycles cyskiceri = ued pops oud js cat to C og SS sassy ene Fiow / erm SO Cravid praghthd in In noeranpe sae ae aas Human ts Hu difinatve Host ¥. Shy V 5 « 5 1 OW 3 Ye inieradaly Host © in Be aad Cows 9 Ya inka FO KC / my *& DAaitivetiost - where We SKUAl ye peluction fates place + WHomiolatctost- Qewth ¢ dowopmett, no Skucl c¢proolcon.. 10 mature ton Usually tre (Mermaddate Most .is damaged are boy rageworm then clifinitie host. J Oe Tapeworm = (similay) ‘out move aauqcvous te humans: — Joven woos (an form eysticen Ht Central Neveus Syste (CNS) as weil as ws. (CAN BE FATAL) Class Temateda ] _~ oral Sucic ev ————— moh [/\Eintesking Flukes = Gl parasihe ovens 1 ental sucky, testes PUAN “eos oath! — wadéfeen | exeuetion Qenital pove pore Ripreduct On ~ similar © Cestedes, but always inveives Ql individuals m) -inkvinal Rrkileation ~ Cross fertilization Spe estes > Sperm Ves defean > > genital go "2" Sperm genitalpsee 7 vagina 7 uterus 7 ferliZation > clovelop LIFE CYCLE ‘ ( ; Clonorchis “Human Liver Fluke" ~ Rrtalized 2 at i : \ iver. S S17 c Adukk Fluke in tad leo eat _ fe” ingest oe) O Human val © sail " Bon Ginelawst — ® Fish lanacag er «i ps — a inks) i Und ces - det ines oo iRavy inksiater in Snap SN humans (eads fo FAS packinie Cimuas of aver + cleute Oe ¢ J Bd Fluus Saimngrs cr “eller ows in human skin wii jwoxiry For suitable Dvcl lost. Causes itchiiG , Dut mot Sevious ~ humans unsudabe host Genuval Chavackersties, © Bilaveal Syminetyy — Unsegmmented @ Preudecesium ~ only Grou? weil discuss in eeuve Witla peudecoet — SEE RV. MOKS D Body, Covered Oy Hnick cubicle “Q\lows for hydrostatic Pressure Longitudinal muscles ONLY ~rrwtles Gunived fom wusederm -rok capabu of complex movement = sinusaid Motion ° “nrashivgqvourd * © Pharynx divided Nt 3 - fri vadiak @® Complele digest system — Hwo ogenings — mouth +aws USHIVIS © Integumentary (Skin) -@ cuticle Povdes vital prokction from external envianmnunt. - chemical barrier @ Vigestion -Gometett 5 MoU, Prrarynx, intestine, Anus pharynx breaks up Food; tiraclior @ Excretory = moms SPRUES WAVE None - some nave very adluanited oxgars ® glrdeels + extreory CUCE + 2xtttory (ore @ Repeduction a wsually Aioecious, Asncigs § -humnan rundworm (tung worm) cy O Human ingests Fs ae <998 handli vie Givty hands, ec , (ee Dc eetstb — t hate (ittesne Qk Woe . ON “7 BPS ® © iy sysiem KL EG inkdine @ CNS f to epee (rep eo) te crators syskIN mutation as. Zi et LW foparasiles hn Many othe Nemotodes are oe m down to © = >in SedouS POVASMES . Shurmach » tree Trichinelg wndercooiod pork atcurs in MOA Worn Han mun. Firavial wows “ROU miserytO about Yynillion PPI / yew ~ Elephant is 2 ikcton oF Hw lympr ¢ © uses extreme Sailing eK = Stop Aged: mokcial a