Evolution and Classification Study Guide: True/False and Short Answer Questions, Lecture notes of Theory of Evolution

Download Evolution and Classification Study Guide: True/False and Short Answer Questions and more Lecture notes Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity! Evolution, Natural Selection, Classification Study Guide MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. T 2. F, Eubacteria 3. T 4. T 5. F, genus 6. F, a genus 7. F, species 8. F, habitat and physical differences COMPLETION 9. archaebacteria 10. spontaneous generation 11. biogenesis 12. punctuated equilibrium 13. Natural selection 14. Stabilizing selection 15. mimicry 16. camouflage 17. Artificial selection 18. australopithecines 19. Neanderthals 20. opposable thumb 21. bipedal 22. habitat, physical differences 23. size, structure 24. classification SHORT ANSWER 25. The photoautotrophs released oxygen, which was missing from the ancient atmosphere and necessary for aerobic respiration. Thus, the autotrophs produced the O2 needed for the aerobic organisms to evolve. 26. Biogenesis is the idea that living things come only from other living things. Redi proved that large organisms, such as flies, do not spontaneously appear as had been previously thought. Pasteur took Redi's work even further and showed by experiments with broth that even bacteria do not spontaneously arise. 27. Scientists identify different kinds of fossils found in sedimentary rock layers. From the way the rock is formed, the scientists can determine approximately when the organism lived and what the climate was like. By observing many different layers, conclusions can be drawn about the evolution of certain organisms from their fossils. 28. Aerobic organisms evolved. 29. Fossils can show evolutionary changes over time. Anatomical studies show evolutionary relationships. Vestigial structures indicate evolutionary pathways. Embryological development and genetic comparisons show evolution from a common ancestor. 30. Direct evidence that supports the theory of evolution is drug resistance by bacteria, and changes in allele frequencies within certain other populations such as the peppered moth. 31. Structural and physiological adaptations occur at random within populations because of adaptations. Darwin's theory explains how these are fixed within populations. 32. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection can be summarized by the following four statements. First, variations exist within populations. Second, some variations are more advantageous for survival and reproduction than others. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Finally, over time, offspring of survivors will make up a larger proportion of the population. 33. Apes are primates without tails. They are the closest animal relatives of humans. Apes live in Africa and Southeast Asia, are tailless, and have large brains. Apes include chimpanzees, gibbons, gorillas, orangutans, and siamangs. Although all groups have been observed occasionally to kill and eat animals, all are herbivores. 34. Primates have a highly developed sense of vision with forward-facing eyes, stereoscopic vision, and color vision. Flexible shoulder and hip joints are important for climbing, swinging, and clinging to branches. Opposable thumbs allow tight grasping and manipulation of small objects. 35.