Understanding Evolution: Definitions and Concepts, Quizzes of Biology

Download Understanding Evolution: Definitions and Concepts and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 When Charles Darwin developed the idea of evolution by natural selection its was: DEFINITION 1 a hypothesis TERM 2 Hypothesis DEFINITION 2 a proposed explanation that fits given evidence TERM 3 evidence DEFINITION 3 a collection of scientifically valid facts; ma be experimental results or basic obvservations of nature. TERM 4 theory DEFINITION 4 an accepted general principle or body of knowlede substantiated by multiple lines of evidence TERM 5 scientific theories are: DEFINITION 5 based on evidenceoverarching explanations that make sense of some aspect of natureallow scientist to make valid predictionhave been tested in many wayssupported , modidfied or replaced as new evidence appears TERM 6 descriptive science DEFINITION 6 not based on testing a hypothesis. TO know somehting you need to be able to describe it. TERM 7 Steps for a hypothesis driven science DEFINITION 7 observation question hypothesis predictions experiments claim TERM 8 descent DEFINITION 8 each generation inherits its attributes from the previous generation TERM 9 modification DEFINITION 9 details may end up being slightly different between parents and offspring generations. TERM 10 natural selection DEFINITION 10 the mechanism by which the environment selects individuals that have heritable , genetic characteristics that are advantageous.selection acts on individuals TERM 21 what holds together DNA molecules? DEFINITION 21 covalent and hydrogen bonding TERM 22 nonpolar covalent DEFINITION 22 symmetrical and election are equally shared TERM 23 polar covalent bonds DEFINITION 23 asymmetrical charge, electrons are unequally shared TERM 24 relative electronegativities DEFINITION 24 ONCH TERM 25 carbohydrates DEFINITION 25 sugars, CHO,can be straight chain but in water they are rings TERM 26 monosaccaridesq DEFINITION 26 glucosefructosegalactoseribosedeoxyriboseglyceraldehyde TERM 27 disaccharides DEFINITION 27 sucrosemaltoselactose TERM 28 storage polysaccarides DEFINITION 28 starchglycogenamyloseamylopectin TERM 29 structural polysaccharides DEFINITION 29 cellulosechitin TERM 30 nucleic acids DEFINITION 30 joined by covalent phosphodiesther bondsfrom 5 p to 3 oh TERM 31 G-C DEFINITION 31 3 hydrogen bonds TERM 32 A-T DEFINITION 32 2 hydrogen bonds TERM 33 purines DEFINITION 33 A and G bigger TERM 34 Pyrimidines DEFINITION 34 U C T smaller TERM 35 mRNA DEFINITION 35 messenger, carry genetic information from DNA to cytoplasm where directly specify sequence of amino acids into proteins TERM 46 potential DEFINITION 46 energy that allows to do work TERM 47 chemical energy DEFINITION 47 contained by electrons within chemical bonds in molecules, all cells can use this type of energy TERM 48 light energy DEFINITION 48 used in photosynthesis. only plants and photosynthetic organisms can transform light energy into chemical energy. TERM 49 2nd law of thermodynamic DEFINITION 49 disorder in the universe is continously increasing. disorder is more likely than order. TERM 50 creating order requires energy DEFINITION 50 creating new chemical bonds require energy, because chemical bonding increases order. TERM 51 free energy DEFINITION 51 the amount of energy available to do work in a system TERM 52 factors that influence enzyme activity DEFINITION 52 temperaturepHinhibitors and activatorscofactors TERM 53 order of genetic information DEFINITION 53 nucleotidescodonsgeneschromosomesgenome TERM 54 DNA synthesis DEFINITION 54 semiconservative TERM 55 the role of DNA Polymerase DEFINITION 55 adds nucleotides to the 3'-OH end of a growing nucleotide strand, using the opposite strand as a template. TERM 56 helicase DEFINITION 56 unwinds DNA TERM 57 primase DEFINITION 57 synthesizes RNA primers TERM 58 Single-strand binding protein DEFINITION 58 stabliized single-stranded regions TERM 59 DNA topoisomerase DEFINITION 59 gyrase, relievs torque TERM 60 DNA polymerase III DEFINITION 60 Synthesizes DNA