Understanding Proteins: Amino Acids, Their Properties, and Interactions, Quizzes of Cell Biology

Download Understanding Proteins: Amino Acids, Their Properties, and Interactions and more Quizzes Cell Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What does the side chain do for an amino acid? DEFINITION 1 a side chain determines the nature of the amino acid. ( polar, non polar, etc) TERM 2 Acidic Amino Acids DEFINITION 2 Aspartic AcidGlutamic Acid TERM 3 Basic Amino Acids DEFINITION 3 ArginineLysineHistidine TERM 4 What direction will acidic AAs travel in a gel? DEFINITION 4 towards the positive electrode (anode) TERM 5 What direction will basic AAs travel in a gel? DEFINITION 5 toward the negative electrode (cathode) TERM 6 Properties of Cytochrome C DEFINITION 6 Color: OrangeIsoelectric Point: 10.2Net Charge at pH 8.6: Positive TERM 7 Properties of Myoglobin DEFINITION 7 Color: BrownIsoelectric Point: 7.2Net Charge at pH 8.6: negative TERM 8 Properties of Hemoglobin DEFINITION 8 Color: RedIsoelectric Point: 6.8Net Charge at pH 8.6: Negative TERM 9 Properties of Serum Albumin DEFINITION 9 Color: BlueIsoelectric Point: 4.8Net Charge at pH 8.6: very negative TERM 10 What type of bond links AAs? DEFINITION 10 peptide bonds TERM 21 What happens to an enzyme after a reaction? DEFINITION 21 It is not destroyed after creating the end product. It is capable of doing more reactions TERM 22 Name (4-5)Protein Ligand Interactions DEFINITION 22 Protein:LigandEnzyme:SubstrateAntibody:AnitgenReceptor:HormoneGlycoprotein:LectinSerum Albumin: Several Including synthetic dyes TERM 23 What is B MAX? DEFINITION 23 the binding maximum of an enzyme (saturation point)-where the curve begins to level off TERM 24 What is the Dissociation Constant? DEFINITION 24 The concentration of ligand to get half of the B Max-the lower the number the higher the affinity the enzyme has for the enzyme TERM 25 What is saturation? DEFINITION 25 the point the concentration of ligand outnumbers the enzymes. any additional ligand will not increase binding. (B MAX) TERM 26 What is serum? DEFINITION 26 After drawing blood and letting it clot, the remaining fluid is called serumit contains antibodies, proteins and other small components.major protein is serum albumin TERM 27 Albumin DEFINITION 27 carrier molecule for the transport of certain small molecular weight compounds in blood.synthesized in the liver TERM 28 What are the characteristics of binding? DEFINITION 28 1.Specific-only bind to ligands of certain structure2.Saturable- the maximum binding capacity of an enzyme3.Reversible4.Dependent on the native structure of albumin TERM 29 Methods to study Ligand Binding to a Protein DEFINITION 29 1.incubation of ligand with protein2.remove ligand that is not bound3. quantify ligand that is bound TERM 30 How is urea produced DEFINITION 30 AA metabolism TERM 31 How to separate bound from free ligand? DEFINITION 31 Electrophoresisdialysis TERM 32 What is a catalyst? DEFINITION 32 agents that speed up chemical processes. the ones produced by cells are called enzymes TERM 33 How can you measure the rate of the reaction? DEFINITION 33 Measuring:1. the decrease in substrate concentration2.the rate of appearance of product TERM 34 What is Vo proportional to? DEFINITION 34 amount of active enzyme molecules TERM 35 What are the factors that influence the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction? DEFINITION 35 Amount of enzymetemperaturepHsubstrate concentration TERM 46 define metabolism DEFINITION 46 all of the chemical and energy transformations that occur in the body TERM 47 what is catabolism? DEFINITION 47 formation of ATP via cellular respiration TERM 48 what is anabolism DEFINITION 48 ATP generated by Catabolism is used to drive biosynthetic reactions TERM 49 how can you determine the rate of cellular respiration? DEFINITION 49 Measure:heat production (not practical)gas exchange (O2 consumption) most commonCO2 given off TERM 50 thyroxin function DEFINITION 50 increases rate of cellular respiration TERM 51 hyperthyroidism symptoms DEFINITION 51 increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased body temperature TERM 52 hypothyroidism DEFINITION 52 decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased body temperature TERM 53 What compound is reduced by respiration (used in lab) DEFINITION 53 Tetrazolium and goes to tripheynyl formazan (insoluble and red) TERM 54 Methods to study Evolution of Proteins DEFINITION 54 1.amino acid sequence of protein-most reliable2.immunological properties-easiest TERM 55 what is an epitope? DEFINITION 55 the area an antibody recognizes on an antigen TERM 56 What does an antibody do? DEFINITION 56 combat/recognize foreign bodies TERM 57 what is an autoimmune disease? DEFINITION 57 a disease in which your immune system attacks your own body TERM 58 what is serum called that contains antibodies? DEFINITION 58 antiserum TERM 59 what is transferrin? DEFINITION 59 made by the livertransports iron TERM 60 what are gamma globulins? DEFINITION 60 antibodies TERM 71 pseudostratified DEFINITION 71 A pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that, though comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia. lining of the trachea TERM 72 types of muscle DEFINITION 72 smooth and skeletal TERM 73 types of connective tissue DEFINITION 73 loose: adipose, reticular, othersdense:Bone, cartilage TERM 74 types of nervous tissue DEFINITION 74 gray matter, white matter, nerves, ganglia TERM 75 What machine do you use to make frozen cross sections of tissues? Advantage? DEFINITION 75 cryostat microtomeenzyme still active and procedure quick TERM 76 What stains nuclei blue? DEFINITION 76 hematoxylin TERM 77 what stains the cytoplasm red? DEFINITION 77 eosin TERM 78 what is a multiclonal antibody? DEFINITION 78 antibodies made by multiple epitopes TERM 79 what is a monoclonal antibody? DEFINITION 79 anitbodies made by 1 epitope