Exam 1 | GEOG 132 - Geography/Natural Environ II, Quizzes of Geography

Download Exam 1 | GEOG 132 - Geography/Natural Environ II and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Geologic time scale DEFINITION 1 Summary timeline of all Earth history TERM 2 Seismic waves DEFINITION 2 The shock wave sent through the planet by an earthquake. transmission varies according to temperature and the density of vrious layers within the planet TERM 3 Core DEFINITION 3 The deepest inner portion of Earth TERM 4 Inner core DEFINITION 4 Solid iron. Extremely dense TERM 5 Outer core DEFINITION 5 Dense, molten, fluid metallic-iron Generates most of Earth's magnetic field TERM 6 Geomagnetic reversal DEFINITION 6 Earth's magnetic forces realigning themselves. Has happened hundreds of times in Earth's history TERM 7 Mantle DEFINITION 7 Area between the core and the crust 80% of Earth's volume TERM 8 Mineral DEFINITION 8 Inorganic natural compound having a specific chemical formula TERM 9 Rock DEFINITION 9 An assemblage of minerals bound together (1) or a mass of a single mineral (2) or undifferentiated material (3) or solid organic material (4) (1) Granite- rock with 3 minerals (2) rock salt (3) volcanic glass (4) coal TERM 10 Igneous rock DEFINITION 10 Rock that solidifies and crystallizes from a molten state (magma) TERM 21 Transform fault DEFINITION 21 Location of a transform boundary Spreading-center mid- ocean ridges TERM 22 Hot spot DEFINITION 22 Upwelling material arriving at the surface in tall plumes from the mantle TERM 23 Relief DEFINITION 23 Vertical elevation differences in the landscape TERM 24 Topography DEFINITION 24 The undulations and configurations (including its relief) that give Earth's surface its texture TERM 25 3 orders of relief DEFINITION 25 1. All the continents and oceans 2. Mountain masses, plains, and low-lands 3. Smaller scale- individual mountains, cliffs, valleys, hills, etc TERM 26 6 Topographic Regions DEFINITION 26 1. Plains 2. High tablelands 3. Hills/low tablelands 4. Mountains 5. Widely spaced mountains 6. Depressions TERM 27 Terrane DEFINITION 27 Slowly migrating crustal piece that has become attached to a plate TERM 28 Earthquake DEFINITION 28 Occurs when fractures in the rock cannot handle pressure anymore and release energy TERM 29 Normal (tension) fault DEFINITION 29 Forces pull rocks apart Downward shifting side = hanging wall side Relative to hanging wall = footwall side Forms cliffs TERM 30 Reverse (thrust) (compression) fault DEFINITION 30 Appears similar to a normal fault, but hanging wall side is above the footwall side Create earthquakes TERM 31 Strike-slip fault DEFINITION 31 Movement along a fault plane is horizontal Create linear rift valleys (San Andreas fault in CA) TERM 32 Orogenesis DEFINITION 32 Mountain building TERM 33 Types of orogenesis: convergent plate collisions DEFINITION 33 1. Oceanic/continental- Andes Mountains 2. Oceanic/oceanic- Japan, Indonesia 3. Continental/continental- Alps TERM 34 Focus DEFINITION 34 Origin of an earthquake (in core) TERM 35 Epicenter DEFINITION 35 Area on the surface directly above the focus TERM 46 Effusive eruption DEFINITION 46 Lava and gases easily escape a volcano with no big explosion. TERM 47 Fissure DEFINITION 47 Effusive eruption on a side vent of a volcano TERM 48 Shield volcano DEFINITION 48 Mountain landform built from effusive eruptions. Gently sloped, gradually rising from the surrounding landscape to a summit crater; ex- Hawaiian islands TERM 49 Explosive eruption DEFINITION 49 Violent and unpredictable volcanic eruption. Thick sticky magma with a high gas/silica content builds up, blocks a volcanic hole until the pressure gets to be too much, then it explodes TERM 50 Composite volcano DEFINITION 50 Volcano formed by explosive volcanic eruptions; steep-sided, conical in shape