Management and Organizational Terms: A Comprehensive Glossary, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Management and Organizational Terms: A Comprehensive Glossary and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 managers DEFINITION 1 persons who directly supervise, support, and help activate work efforts to achieve the performance goals of individuals, teams, or even an organization as a whole TERM 2 first-line manager DEFINITION 2 someone who is formally in charge of a small work group composed of nonmanagerial workers. TERM 3 middle managers DEFINITION 3 persons in charge of relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller work units or teams TERM 4 top managers DEFINITION 4 part of a senior management team that is responsible for the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its larger parts. They must be alert to trends and developments in the external environment, recognize potential problems and opportunities, set strategy, and lead the organization to success. TERM 5 board of directors DEFINITION 5 whose members are elected by stockholders to represent their ownership interests. TERM 6 governance DEFINITION 6 the oversight of top management by an organizations board of directors or board of trustees. TERM 7 accountability DEFINITION 7 describes the requirement of one person to answer to a higher authority for performance achieved in his or her area of work responsibility TERM 8 Delegation DEFINITION 8 -entrusting duties to others TERM 9 effective manager DEFINITION 9 as someone who successfully helps others achieve both high performance and satisfaction in their work TERM 10 quality of work life (QWL) DEFINITION 10 the overall quality of human experiences in the workplace. TERM 21 decisional roles DEFINITION 21 involve using information to make decisions to solve problems or address opportunities. o How a manager uses information in decision making Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator TERM 22 agenda setting DEFINITION 22 managers develop important action priorities TERM 23 networking DEFINITION 23 managers build and maintain positive relationships with other people, ideally those whose help might be useful someday. TERM 24 social capital DEFINITION 24 the capacity to attract support and help from others in order to get things done. You can think of it as a capacity to get things done based on the people you know and how well you relate to them. TERM 25 technical skill DEFINITION 25 s the ability to use a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks More important at career entry- levels TERM 26 human skill DEFINITION 26 is the ability to work well in cooperation with other people TERM 27 emotional intelligence DEFINITION 27 the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively. TERM 28 conceptual skill DEFINITION 28 is the ability to think analytically and solve complex problems TERM 29 a free-agent economy DEFINITION 29 people change jobs more often, and many work on independent contracts with a shifting mix of employers TERM 30 intellectual capital DEFINITION 30 what you can offer an employer in terms of brainpower, skills, and capabilitiesIntellectual Capital= Competency X Commitment TERM 31 Knowledge workers DEFINITION 31 use their minds and intellects as critical assets to employers TERM 32 high concept DEFINITION 32 creative and good with ideas TERM 33 Self-management DEFINITION 33 is the ability to understand oneself, exercise initiative, accept responsibility, and learn from experience. TERM 34 high touch DEFINITION 34 joyful and good with relationships TERM 35 motion study DEFINITION 35 the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions TERM 46 human need DEFINITION 46 , a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person feels compelled to satisfy. TERM 47 progression principle DEFINITION 47 a need only becomes activated after the next-lower-level need is satisfied. TERM 48 deficit principle DEFINITION 48 is that people act to satisfy needs for which a satisfaction deficit exists; a satisfied need doesnt motivate behavior. TERM 49 Theory X DEFINITION 49 assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, and prefer to be led. TERM 50 Theory Y DEFINITION 50 assumes people are willing to work, accept responsibility, are self-directed, and are creative TERM 51 self-fulfilling prophecies DEFINITION 51 occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm anothers expectations TERM 52 Analytics DEFINITION 52 -the use of data to solve problems and make informed decisions using systematic analysis. TERM 53 Management science and operations research DEFINITION 53 apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems. TERM 54 Network models DEFINITION 54 break large tasks into smaller components to track completion of many different activities on the required timetables TERM 55 Mathematical forecasting DEFINITION 55 helps make future projections for reserve sizes and depletion rates that are useful in the planning process TERM 56 Inventory analysis DEFINITION 56 helps control inventories by mathematically determining how much to automatically order and when TERM 57 Queuing theory DEFINITION 57 helps allocate service personnel and work-stations based on alternative workload demands and in a way that minimizes both customer waiting times and costs of service workers. TERM 58 Linear programming DEFINITION 58 is used to calculate how best to allocate production among different machines. TERM 59 operations management DEFINITION 59 which focuses on how organizations produce goods and services efficiently and effectively TERM 60 Contingency thinking DEFINITION 60 tries to match management practices with situational demands. TERM 71 Innovation DEFINITION 71 is the process of developing new ideas and putting them into practice-is new technology that improves previous ways of life TERM 72 Technology DEFINITION 72 is the study of things human-made and human-decided TERM 73 Process innovations DEFINITION 73 result in better ways of doing things TERM 74 Product innovations DEFINITION 74 result in the creation of new or improved goods and services TERM 75 Business model innovations DEFINITION 75 result in new ways of making money for the firm TERM 76 Social innovation DEFINITION 76 can be described as innovation driven by a social conscience TERM 77 Green innovation or sustainable innovation DEFINITION 77 reduces the carbon footprint of an organization or its products. TERM 78 social entrepreneurship, DEFINITION 78 This is a unique form of entrepreneurship that pursues innovative ways to solve pressing social problems. TERM 79 commercializing innovation DEFINITION 79 process that turns new ideasthe inventions, into actual products, services, or processes TERM 80 Creation DEFINITION 80 Making something out of nothing TERM 81 Synthesis DEFINITION 81 Relating 2 or more previously unrelated phenomena TERM 82 Modification DEFINITION 82 Altering something that already exists so that it can perform:1 Its function better2 A new function3 In a different setting4 Used by someone new TERM 83 skunkworks DEFINITION 83 is often used to describe special units set free from the normal structure and given separate locations, special resources, and their own managers, all with the purpose of achieving innovation TERM 84 change leader DEFINITION 84 tries to change the behavior of another person or social system.-Person who takes leadership responsibility for changing the existing pattern of behavior of another person or social system TERM 85 transformational change DEFINITION 85 results in a major and comprehensive redirection of the organizationnew vision, new strategy, new culture, new structure, and even new people. (people resist) TERM 96 ethnocentrism DEFINITION 96 acting in ways that suggest that their subculture is superior to all others. TERM 97 glass ceiling DEFINITION 97 a hidden barrier to the advancement of women and minorities TERM 98 Biculturalism DEFINITION 98 is when minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed. TERM 99 Affirmative action DEFINITION 99 Steps taken for purpose of eliminating present effects of past actions TERM 100 cultural intelligence DEFINITION 100 the ability to adapt and adjust to new cultures-includes:1. self awareness2. flexibility3. Willingness to learn4. sensitivity5. Willingness to modify behavior TERM 101 low- context cultures DEFINITION 101 most communication takes place via the written or spoken word. (meaning literal and clear) TERM 102 High-context cultures DEFINITION 102 rely on nonverbal and situational cues as well as spoken or written words in communication.(meaning is implied & less obvious from body language, setting non-verbal clues, timing, etc. is needed) TERM 103 monochronic culture DEFINITION 103 as one in which people tend to do one thing at a time TERM 104 polychronic culture DEFINITION 104 people are more flexible about time and who uses it. They often try to work on many different things at once, perhaps not in any particular order TERM 105 Proxemics DEFINITION 105 is the study of how people use interpersonal space TERM 106 ecological fallacy DEFINITION 106 - is acting with the mistaken assumption that a generalized cultural value, such as individualism in American culture or masculinity in Japanese culture, applies always and equally to all members of the culture TERM 107 global sourcing DEFINITION 107 where a business purchases materials, manufacturing components, or services from around the world. TERM 108 exporting DEFINITION 108 selling locally made products in foreign markets TERM 109 importing DEFINITION 109 buying foreign-made products and selling them in domestic markets TERM 110 licensing agreement DEFINITION 110 where foreign firms pay a fee for rights to make or sell another companys products in a specified region.