Soil Science Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Download Soil Science Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Sheet Erosion DEFINITION 1 Most common form of soil loss. It can be uniform, subtle, spotty, and intermittent TERM 2 Rill Erosion DEFINITION 2 Shallow channel which can be removed by a single pass of tillage equipment. TERM 3 Gully Erosion DEFINITION 3 Can notbe removed with just one pass of farm tillage equipment. TERM 4 Tolerable Soil Loss DEFINITION 4 5 tons/acre in Illinois TERM 5 Normal Erosion DEFINITION 5 Rate of soil formation is approximately equal to the rate of soil loss. TERM 6 Soil DEFINITION 6 #1 pollutant in water TERM 7 5 Factors of soil formation DEFINITION 7 Climate, Organisms, Relief/Topography, Parent Material, Time(CORPT) TERM 8 Muscatune Soil DEFINITION 8 Most productive kind of soil. TERM 9 Course Fragment DEFINITION 9 >2mm TERM 10 Sand DEFINITION 10 2-0.5mm TERM 21 Master Horizon R DEFINITION 21 Consolidated bedrock TERM 22 Subscript b DEFINITION 22 buried soil horizon TERM 23 Subscript g DEFINITION 23 strong gleying TERM 24 Subscript n DEFINITION 24 accumulation of sodium TERM 25 Subscript p DEFINITION 25 plowing or other disturbance TERM 26 Subscript r DEFINITION 26 weathered or soft rock TERM 27 Subscript s DEFINITION 27 illuvial accumulation of sesquioxides (Al) TERM 28 Polypedon DEFINITION 28 soil body consisting of one or more contiguous pedons, all falling within the defined range of a single soil series TERM 29 Pedon DEFINITION 29 Smallest volume that can be recognized as a soil (sample unit) TERM 30 Lucastrine DEFINITION 30 Material that is moved by water and deposited in fresh water lakes TERM 31 Alluvium DEFINITION 31 material deposited on flood plains of active streams TERM 32 Terrace DEFINITION 32 Old abandoned flood plain TERM 33 Colluvium DEFINITION 33 material moved by gravity and deposited at the base of steep slopes. Usually very coarse textured. TERM 34 Eolian DEFINITION 34 Sandy material deposited by win TERM 35 Loess DEFINITION 35 Silty material deposited by wind- very important in Illinois TERM 46 Igneous Rock DEFINITION 46 Subdivided according to: mineral composition and grain sizeBasalt, Granite, Quartz TERM 47 Colluvial DEFINITION 47 Loose deposits, usually in the foot slopes, carried by gravity TERM 48 Lucastrine DEFINITION 48 fine-textured (mostly finer than medium sand) mineral material deposited in a lake environment TERM 49 Organic Deposit DEFINITION 49 Organic material (peat and muck) deposited in a lake. Also included are related deposits such as comprogenous earth maryl TERM 50 Outwash DEFINITION 50 stratified, coarse-textured material (mostly coarser than medium sand) deposit by meltwater streams beyond active glacier ice TERM 51 Alluvial Fan DEFINITION 51 An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams. If a fan is built up by debris flows it is properly called a debris cone or colluvial fan. TERM 52 Kame DEFINITION 52 conical hill composed of stratified sand and gravel. It is formed where streams within the glacier ice deposit their load of debris TERM 53 Class I DEFINITION 53 Soils have few limitations for very intensive cultivation TERM 54 Class II DEFINITION 54 Soils have moderate conservation practices TERM 55 Class III DEFINITION 55 Soils with severe limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require special conservation practices TERM 56 Class IV DEFINITION 56 Soils with very severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants or require very careful management TERM 57 Class V DEFINITION 57 Soils with little or no erosion hazards but with other limitations that restricts their use largely to pasture, range land, woodland, or wildlife food and cover. TERM 58 Class VI DEFINITION 58 Soils that have severe limitations that make them generally unsuited to cultivation and limit their use of pasture grasses, range grasses, woodland, wildlife, or aesthetics TERM 59 Class VII DEFINITION 59 Soils that have very severe limitations that make them unsuited to cultivation and restrict their use largely to grazing, woodland, or wildlife. TERM 60 Class VIII DEFINITION 60 Soils with limitations that preclude their use for commercial plant production and restrict their use to recreation, wildlife, water supply, or to aesthetics.