Developmental Psychology: Genetics, Research Methods, and Theories - Terms & Definitions, Quizzes of History of Education

Download Developmental Psychology: Genetics, Research Methods, and Theories - Terms & Definitions and more Quizzes History of Education in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Elrich & Feldman DEFINITION 1 Not enough Genes to make a human. Do not focus on genetic causesNurture TERM 2 Marcus DEFINITION 2 Genes work together to influence behavior. Small genetic differences cause large changes. Brain is plastic but constrained by genetics.Nature TERM 3 20th Century View on Na v. Nur DEFINITION 3 Genes were the direct blueprint for behavior TERM 4 Contemporary view on Na v. Nur DEFINITION 4 Genes expressed differently in context. Genotype to phenotype very complex (epigenetics). TERM 5 Shared Species Heredity DEFINITION 5 Genetic traits which all members of a species have in common. Reason for universal developmental patterns. TERM 6 Cultural Evolution DEFINITION 6 Learning and adaptation based on the cultural environment. TERM 7 Twin, Adoption, and Family Studies DEFINITION 7 Used to measure heritability, concordance rate, and correlation coeeficient. TERM 8 Concordance Rate DEFINITION 8 Estimated presence of a trait in a person given the heritability of that trait. Statistical percentage of that gene in someone. TERM 9 Correlation Coefficient DEFINITION 9 The estimate of how correlated a gene is between people scaling between -1 and 1 TERM 10 Shared Environment DEFINITION 10 Study method using case studies of two individuals in a similar environment. TERM 21 Designs DEFINITION 21 LongitudinalCross-SectionalSequentail TERM 22 Cross-Sectional DEFINITION 22 Compares groups in different age groups on a given study. Adv - quick and easy to conduct and can give accurate info if cohorts are similar. Lim - Does not show change with age. TERM 23 Longitudinal DEFINITION 23 A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time - often many decades. Adv - can show progression of age Lim - costly, measurement tech become obsolete, loose participants, repeated testings TERM 24 Sequential DEFINITION 24 Combine cross and longitude to improve on both. adv - reveal age effects, cohort effects, time of measurment effects. lim - cost and complex/time-consuming. TERM 25 Data Collection DEFINITION 25 Sample selectionSelf reportsPhysiological measurmentsNatural Observation TERM 26 Sample select DEFINITION 26 use a survey type experiment collect large amounts of data about a large population. Low cost. TERM 27 Naturalistic Observation DEFINITION 27 Observing people in naturlal environment. Studying children in a playground. Must define variables and op definitions. Adv - non expensive, no placebo effect. Lim - Can't study rare or infrequent behavior, No c&e, presence can influence TERM 28 Self Reports DEFINITION 28 Interviews written questions etc Adv - gives value of self view, lots of people Lim - Not with infants or who can't speak, social desirability TERM 29 Physiological Recordings DEFINITION 29 Uses biological machines to record physical changes. Adv - cannot cheat, can work on non verbal subjects Lim - not always clear what's happening TERM 30 Research Ethics DEFINITION 30 Patient protection such as: confidentiality, debriefing, consent TERM 31 Developmental Theories DEFINITION 31 Psychodynamic, Cognitive, Systems, Learning TERM 32 Psychodynamic Theory DEFINITION 32 Freud and Erikson. Everyone has basic instincts driving behavior. TERM 33 Freud DEFINITION 33 Stage theorist who developed idea of Id, Ego, Superego. Id is basic drives and urges seeks for instant gratification present mainly as an infant. Then the ego develops to supress the id due to consequences. Superego developed during the Edipus/Electra complex in Phallic stage. Is the concious giveing a sence of guilt, right, and wrong.Thought that all behavior was derived from anger and sex impulses.Only looked at child development.PsychoSEXUAL TERM 34 Freud's stages DEFINITION 34 OralAnalPhallicLatentGenital TERM 35 Key Developmental Themes DEFINITION 35 Nature v NurtureContinuity v DiscontinuityCritical v Sensitive periodStability v ChangeIndividual v Context