Terms and Definitions in Developmental Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Development DEFINITION 1 THe orderly and sequential changes that occur within the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to death TERM 2 Describe DEFINITION 2 look at changes that occur in lifespan TERM 3 Explain DEFINITION 3 How does religion/gender determine how a person develops TERM 4 Predict DEFINITION 4 how might x affect y TERM 5 Control DEFINITION 5 Come up with interventions (doctors, social workers) TERM 6 Physical Development DEFINITION 6 changes in the body TERM 7 Cognitive Development DEFINITION 7 changes in reasoning, thinking, and perception; young kids can't reason abstractly TERM 8 Emotional-self Development DEFINITION 8 changes in personality and relationships TERM 9 Growth DEFINITION 9 grow bigger as age, increase in # of cells, bones grow longer TERM 10 Maturation DEFINITION 10 Pre-programme development in a set way, irreversible, physical TERM 21 Culture DEFINITION 21 the social heritage of a person TERM 22 Cultural Variability DEFINITION 22 learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting transmitted form one generation to the next TERM 23 Age strata DEFINITION 23 Social layers based on time periods in life regulated by expectations (expected of that age) TERM 24 Changing conceptions of age DEFINITION 24 Prenatal Infancy Childhood Adolescence Emerging adulthood Adulthood Old age TERM 25 Scientific Method DEFINITION 25 form a hypothesis test the hypothesis draw conclusions about the hypothesis TERM 26 Longitudinal DEFINITION 26 Scientists study the same individuals at different points in their lifeLimitations:selective attrition and dropout, cannot control for unusual life events, time-consuming and costing TERM 27 Cross-Sectional DEFINITION 27 investigates development by simultaneously comparing different groups of individualsLimitations: confounding, not able to separate factors that cause the differences TERM 28 Sequential DEFINITION 28 Measuring more than one cohort over timeLimitations: data are complex and difficult to analyze; time and money issues (combines cross-sectional and longitudinal) TERM 29 Experimental DEFINITION 29 A study in which the investigator manipulates one or more variables and measures the resisting changes in the other variables to attempt to determine the cause of a specific behavior TERM 30 Independent variables DEFINITION 30 manipulating TERM 31 Extraneous variables DEFINITION 31 can't control TERM 32 Experimental group DEFINITION 32 receives independent variable TERM 33 Control group DEFINITION 33 doesn't receive variable, not given treatment TERM 34 Case-Study Method DEFINITION 34 the accumulation of developmental information of a single individual TERM 35 Social-Survery Method DEFINITION 35 Researchers ask questions to a sample of individual who are representative of the population of individuals likely to be affected TERM 46 Psychosexual Stages of Development DEFINITION 46 Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital TERM 47 Oral DEFINITION 47 birth to 18 monthsplease zones: areas of the mouth TERM 48 Anal DEFINITION 48 Between 18 months - 3 yearspleasure zone: anus TERM 49 Phallic DEFINITION 49 Between 3 yearspleasure zone: genitals TERM 50 Latency DEFINITION 50 Middle childhood, suppression of feelings toward the opposite sex (stay in this stage till puberty) TERM 51 Genital DEFINITION 51 Occurs in adolescence and beyond. Trying to form a relationship with someone of opposite sex TERM 52 Fixation DEFINITION 52 stay or remain oat a particular stage TERM 53 Erik Ericson DEFINITION 53 Epigentetic principleSocial, larger society (parents, teachers, peers) TERM 54 Trust vs. Mistrust DEFINITION 54 Will my needs be met? Can they achieve my trust? TERM 55 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt DEFINITION 55 Child asserts will (terrible 2's) establish self control ---> self- esteem TERM 56 Initiative vs. Guilt DEFINITION 56 Curious, manipulate objects, achieve purpose TERM 57 Industry vs. Inferiority DEFINITION 57 know how things work (parents tell kids to adventure) TERM 58 Identity vs. Identity Confusion DEFINITION 58 Who am I? Sense of self, what do I expect out of life/love TERM 59 Intimacy vs. Isolation DEFINITION 59 Early adults try to find romantic relationships TERM 60 Generativity vs. Stagnation DEFINITION 60 Adult thinks how they can contribute to things, beyond legacy TERM 71 Jean Piaget DEFINITION 71 created Cognitive theory TERM 72 Cognitive theory DEFINITION 72 Recognizing, treating, organizing and transforming information as we devise our behavior.Cognition: Acts or processes of knowing TERM 73 Schemas DEFINITION 73 describe cognitive structures that people use to live TERM 74 Assimilation DEFINITION 74 taking in new information and making it "fit" with the existing schema of the world TERM 75 Accommodation DEFINITION 75 Changing one's schema to make it match the reality of the world TERM 76 Equilibrium DEFINITION 76 A balance between the processes of assimilation and accommodation TERM 77 Cognitive Stages DEFINITION 77 Sensori motor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operations TERM 78 Sensorimotor DEFINITION 78 form connection between behavior, learning object person permenance TERM 79 Preoperational DEFINITION 79 Egocentrism is problem TERM 80 Operational DEFINITION 80 Show ability to conserve TERM 81 Formal Operations DEFINITION 81 think abstractly, reason somewhat logically TERM 82 Albert Bandura DEFINITION 82 lean through social modelingBobo = clown dollaggressive themselves, ended up punching the clown TERM 83 Self-efficacy DEFINITION 83 belief about his or her abilities, what am I capable of? TERM 84 Use of symbols DEFINITION 84 language, helps comprehend and deal with environment TERM 85 Ecological Theory DEFINITION 85 look at different levels in life, look at development in holistic mannercenters the relationship between developing individual and the changing environment TERM 96 Reproduction DEFINITION 96 process by which organisms create more organisms of own kind(male and female gametes or sex cells) sperm and ovum fuse to create a zygote TERM 97 Menopause DEFINITION 97 menstration stops and one is no longer fertile TERM 98 Male Reproductive System DEFINITION 98 Testes: produce sperm and male sex hormonesPenis ejects sperm, scrotum = pouch, kept at lower than body temperatureMale sex hormones: testosterone and aldostrone form secondary sex characteristics TERM 99 Female Reproductive System DEFINITION 99 Ovaries produce ova, ovum is released every 28 days, fertilization occurs in fallopian tubes, unfertilized ovum all shed through cervix and vagina TERM 100 Fertilization DEFINITION 100 union of sperm and ovum TERM 101 Ectogenesis DEFINITION 101 a fetus gestates in an environment eternal to the mother , seen in IVF, baby in chamber that delivers oxygen and nutrients TERM 102 IVF DEFINITION 102 fertilization that happens external to body in a test tube TERM 103 Cloning DEFINITION 103 A form of asexual reproduction that creates an embryo by somatic cell nuclear transfer TERM 104 Theraputic Cloning DEFINITION 104 treat Parkinsons disease TERM 105 Stem cells DEFINITION 105 the cells that have the capacity to reproduce themselves TERM 106 Adult stem cells DEFINITION 106 bone marrow, skin and bleed TERM 107 Post-abortion stress syndrome DEFINITION 107 depression, attempt suicide TERM 108 Partial-birth abortion DEFINITION 108 killed and sucked out TERM 109 Menstruation DEFINITION 109 can begin at 8 or 9 years old due to obesity; average age is 12.1 to 12.5 TERM 110 Heredity DEFINITION 110 our biological inheritance TERM 121 Embyosentesis DEFINITION 121 needle inserted in uterus, draws out emniotic fluid. Cells are tested and look for potential abnormalties TERM 122 Down Syndrome DEFINITION 122 Occurs in 1 out of every 800 live births, older women's have a higher risk TERM 123 Klinefelter's syndrome DEFINITION 123 Extra X chromosome, les testosterone, become infertile and have small testes. Puberty= develop breasts and affects intelligence levels TERM 124 Turner's Syndrome DEFINITION 124 effects height and cannot reproduce, webbed feet and swollen hands. Missing an X chromosome TERM 125 Prenatal Development DEFINITION 125 time from conception to birth (266 days; 3 stages) TERM 126 Germinal Period DEFINITION 126 from conception to the end of the second week, growth or zygote and linkage of zygote to support system TERM 127 Ectopic pregnancy DEFINITION 127 surgery take out zygote, fallopian tube can burst TERM 128 Embryonic Period DEFINITION 128 From end of second week to end of eighth week, rapid growth, placental relationship with mother, early structural appearance of all chief organs, recognizable human body TERM 129 Placenta DEFINITION 129 gives baby food and oxygen TERM 130 Cephalocaudal DEFINITION 130 development from head to bottom TERM 131 Proximodistal DEFINITION 131 Occurs from central axis outward toward your fingers TERM 132 Critical Period DEFINITION 132 time where each structure is vulnerable to external influences TERM 133 Fetal Period DEFINITION 133 begins with the end of the eighth week and ends with birth. Organism called a fetus. Major organ systems continue to develop and assume their specialized functions TERM 134 Lanugo DEFINITION 134 hair that covers a baby's body TERM 135 3 months DEFINITION 135 How many months are in each trimester? TERM 146 Midwife DEFINITION 146 1 out of every 10 births, moms want more one-on-one treatment during the birth or can't afford treatment TERM 147 Rooming In DEFINITION 147 baby sleeps by moms bed , changes diaper and feeds TERM 148 Birthing Centers DEFINITION 148 low risk birthing, if baby is in CIRSIS shuttle off to get treatment TERM 149 Labor, Delivery, After birth DEFINITION 149 3 stages of childbirth TERM 150 Amniotic fluid DEFINITION 150 shock absorber TERM 151 Newborn appearance DEFINITION 151 covered in waxy substance (vernix) TERM 152 Molding DEFINITION 152 elongated/irregular head TERM 153 Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration DEFINITION 153 APGAR test TERM 154 Normal/healthy DEFINITION 154 score from 7-10 (Apgar) TERM 155 Assistance DEFINITION 155 4-7 (Apgar test) TERM 156 Immediate assistance DEFINITION 156 3 and below TERM 157 NICU DEFINITION 157 birth defects, premature, fighting for life TERM 158 Anoxia DEFINITION 158 umbilical cord wrapped around baby neck, blue or grey baby. TERM 159 Placenta praevia DEFINITION 159 Placenta covers cervix, baby cannot come out, prevents childbirth TERM 160 Preterm DEFINITION 160 less than 37 weeks, infant dies due to this TERM 171 Locomotion DEFINITION 171 walking (11-15 moths) progression TERM 172 Manual Skills DEFINITION 172 large muscles, gross motor TERM 173 Acuity DEFINITION 173 perceive finer details of a picture TERM 174 Hearing DEFINITION 174 3 months before birth it is well developed TERM 175 Taste DEFINITION 175 gustation TERM 176 Smell DEFINITION 176 olfaction