Terminology and Definitions in Normative Ethics, Quizzes of Introduction to Philosophy

Download Terminology and Definitions in Normative Ethics and more Quizzes Introduction to Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Normative Ethics DEFINITION 1 -Questions of theory-Questions of action TERM 2 moral perfectionism DEFINITION 2 The view that the good of some kind of thing is a matter of its achieving perfection for things of that kind. Moral perfectionism refers ti those moral theories that accept perfectionism about value in relation to human beings and make considerations of human perfection the basis for underlying right and wrong action. TERM 3 moral theory DEFINITION 3 Moral theory is the study of substantive moral conceptions, that is, the study of how the basic notions of the right, the good, and moral worth may be arranged to form different moral structures. (John Rawls) TERM 4 What value is briefly mentioned as a possible counterexample to perfectionism? DEFINITION 4 Welfare TERM 5 Moral Nativism DEFINITION 5 the hypothesis that certain general moral principles are innate (natural) TERM 6 moral absolutism DEFINITION 6 the idea that certain kinds of action are always morally wrong, regardless of whatever good might come from them TERM 7 natural law theory DEFINITION 7 moral laws that express requirements on behavior that are valid and apply to all humans beings, regardless of culture. TERM 8 value based DEFINITION 8 matter of acting rationally. TERM 9 principle of double effect DEFINITION 9 is it morally permissible to do or bring about bad or evil in order to promote what is good. TERM 10 4 basic human goods DEFINITION 10 lifeprocreationknowledgesociability TERM 21 deontic status of actions DEFINITION 21 the rightness or wrongness of actions TERM 22 Deontological Constraints DEFINITION 22 Moral constraints that either entirely prohibit performing certain actions such as killing innocent people even in cases where good consequences would result from doing so. TERM 23 Deontology DEFINITION 23 Deontological ethics or deontology is the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. TERM 24 Determinacy Standard DEFINITION 24 A standard for evaluating a moral theory that says that the principles of a moral theory should yield determinate moral verdicts about the morality of actions, persons, and other objects of evaluation in a wide range of cases. TERM 25 Direct Violation DEFINITION 25 A violation of basic value by and action in which (1) the action will bring about the hindrance or destruction of a basic value, and (2) that action cannot be justified by the principle of double effect. Such violations are part of the theory of right conduct for the natural law theory. TERM 26 Ethics DEFINITION 26 That branch of physiology concerned with morality; it includes normative ethics and metaethics as its main branches. TERM 27 Euthyphro Dilemma DEFINITION 27 A dilemma that involves the issue of how God's commands are related to morality. On one hand, if morality is dependent on God's commands, then one must reject certain basic claims about Gods nature. TERM 28 explanatory power standard DEFINITION 28 A standard for evaluating a moral theory that requires that the theory explain our more specific considered moral beliefs, thus helping us understand why actions, persons, and other objects of moral evaluation are right or wrong, good or bad. TERM 29 external support standard DEFINITION 29 A standard for evaluating a moral theory that asserts that the fact that the principles of a moral theory are supported by various nonmoral beliefs and assumptions--beliefs and assumptions that are external to morality--is some evidence in favor of the theory. TERM 30 extrinsic goodness/badness DEFINITION 30 Goodness or badness posed by something in virtue of that thing being appropriately related to something that has intrinsic goodness or badness. TERM 31 Internal support standard DEFINITION 31 A standard for evaluating a moral theory that requires that the theory, together with relevant information, logically imply our considered moral beliefs. TERM 32 intrinsic goodness/badness DEFINITION 32 Goodness or badness possessed by something where the goodness/badness is located in that thing. TERM 33 intrinsic value- neutrality DEFINITION 33 Items which are neither intrinsically good nor intrinsically bad. TERM 34 intuitive appeal standard DEFINITION 34 A standard for evaluating a moral theory that requires that the theory make sense of various beliefs about morality that are intuitively appealing. TERM 35 metaethics DEFINITION 35 That branch of ethics that concerns semantic, metaphysical, and epistemological questions about moral thought and discourse. TERM 46 Aquina's basic principle of NLT DEFINITION 46 Principle that states that life, procreation, knowledge, and sociability are to be preserved and prompted, their hindrance and distraction are to be avoided. TERM 47 Obligatory action DEFINITION 47 an action that is morally required; something one ought to do TERM 48 optional action DEFINITION 48 an action that is neither morally obligatory nor morally wrong; it is merely permitted. TERM 49 right action DEFINITION 49 any action that is not wrong. TERM 50 wrong action DEFINITION 50 an action that one ought not to do. TERM 51 virtue based theory DEFINITION 51 moral theories that take virtue to be more basic than right action nd attempt to explain the right action in terms of virtue. TERM 52 value concepts (categories) DEFINITION 52 Categories, including good, bad, and evil that are used in ethics primarily in evaluating the moral status of a persons TERM 53 value based moral theory DEFINITION 53 A theory that takes in consideration of value to be explained prior to considerations of right conduct. TERM 54 university thesis DEFINITION 54 A thesis that states that there are moral norms whose correctness's independent of the moral norms a culture does or might acceot and thus express universally valid moral standards that apply to all cultures. TERM 55 theory of right conduct DEFINITION 55 The branch of moral theory concerned with the nature of right and wrong action. TERM 56 theory of moral worth DEFINITION 56 the branch of moral theory concerned with the evaluation of persons and their character. TERM 57 theory of intrinsic value DEFINITION 57 The branch of moral theory concerned with the nature of goodness and badness. TERM 58 Single true morality DEFINITION 58 There is a single true morality for all human beings featuring moral norms that are universally valid and that specify for most if not all cases whether an action is right or wrong.