Neurobiology Terminology: An Introduction to Neurons, Ions, and Synapses, Quizzes of Psychology of Human Development

Download Neurobiology Terminology: An Introduction to Neurons, Ions, and Synapses and more Quizzes Psychology of Human Development in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Neurons DEFINITION 1 specialized cells that receive information and send it to other cells TERM 2 dendrites DEFINITION 2 extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons. TERM 3 axon DEFINITION 3 extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations. TERM 4 myelin sheath DEFINITION 4 wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit TERM 5 end bulb/terminals DEFINITION 5 branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain. TERM 6 motor neuron DEFINITION 6 (1) receives information from other neuron(s) & (2) carries information to muscle or gland cells. TERM 7 sensory neuron DEFINITION 7 (1) receives a particular type of sensory information & (2) carries information to other neurons. TERM 8 interneuron DEFINITION 8 connect one neuron to another in a particular part of the central nervous system (CNS). TERM 9 glial cells DEFINITION 9 cells that provide structural and functional support for the neurons. TERM 10 Oligodendrocytes DEFINITION 10 build myelin around axons in brain and spinal cord. TERM 21 absolute refractory period DEFINITION 21 na+ channels cannot reopen = cannot produce other action potential. TERM 22 relative refractory period DEFINITION 22 only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potentials. 1. Intensity of a stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials. (rate law) TERM 23 all or none law DEFINITION 23 i. Action potential: 1. occurs only in axons ( no in dendrites or soma) 2. The strength is independent of the intensity of the stimulus (all or none law) TERM 24 axosomatic synapse DEFINITION 24 between terminal button of one neuron and soma of another neuron. TERM 25 axodendritic synapse DEFINITION 25 between terminal button of one neuron and dendrite of another neuron. TERM 26 axoaxonic synapse DEFINITION 26 between terminal button of one neuron and terminal button of another neuron. TERM 27 inhibitory post synaptic potential DEFINITION 27 hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. i. membrane potential moves away from the threshold of excitation ii. makes an action potential less likely to occur in the post synaptic neuron lower rate of firing TERM 28 excitatory post synaptic potential DEFINITION 28 partial depolarization (hypo-polarization) of the postsynaptic membrane. i. membrane potential moves towards the threshold of excitation ii. makes an action potential more likely to occur in the post synaptic neuron higher rate of firing. TERM 29 temporal summation DEFINITION 29 combines psps arriving a short time apart. TERM 30 spatial summation DEFINITION 30 combines psps arriving at the same time from different locations on dendrites and soma.