Plant Anatomy: Shoot and Root Systems, Quizzes of Biology

Download Plant Anatomy: Shoot and Root Systems and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Vascular Plant cosists of DEFINITION 1 1. Root System2. Shoot system TERM 2 Root systems DEFINITION 2 Anchors plant and penetrates soil to absorb water and ions TERM 3 Shoot systems DEFINITION 3 stems: the framework for positioning leaves leaves: principle site of photosynthesis vegetative shoot: internode, node leaf, and auxiliary buds TERM 4 Vegetative shoot explained DEFINITION 4 internode: in plants, the region of a stem between two successive nodes node: the part of the plant stem where one or more leaves are attached auxiliarybuds: a bud found in the axil of a stem and leaf; an auxiliarybud may develop into a new shoot or become a flower axil: the angle between a leaf petiole and the stem to which it is attached shoot: the aboveground portions such as stems or leaves TERM 5 What three tissue types are roots and shoots composed of? DEFINITION 5 ground tissue dermal tissue vascular tissue TERM 6 Ground tissue DEFINITION 6 parenchyma cells the most common type of plant cell; characterized by large vacuoles, thin walls, and functionalnuclei TERM 7 Dermal tissue DEFINITION 7 epidermis in primary growth plants epidermis: the outermost layers of cells, in plants, the exterior primary tissue of leaves, young stems and roots ^ cuticle: a waxy or fatty, noncellular layer on the outer wall of epidermis cells bark in secondary growth plants TERM 8 Vascular tissue DEFINITION 8 conduction xylem: in vascular plants, a specialized tissue composed primarily of elongate, thick-walled conducting cells, which transports water and solutes through the plant body ^ water and dissolved materials phloem: in vascular plants, a food-conducting tissue basically composed of sieve elements, various kinds of parenchyma cells, fibers, and sclereids ^ carbohydrates TERM 9 Plant cell walls consist of cellulose DEFINITION 9 Primary cell wall Secondary cell wall TERM 10 Primary cell wall DEFINITION 10 found in all cells cellulose fibers parallel to microtubules TERM 21 Cork cambium DEFINITION 21 During 2^0 growth, epidermis splits and falls off replaced by protective tissue produced by the cork cambium TERM 22 Primary and secondary growth DEFINITION 22 primary growth results from cell division at the apical meristem at the plant tip secondary growth results from cell division at the lateral meristem, increasing the shoot's girth TERM 23 Three types of plant tissue DEFINITION 23 dermal ground vascular TERM 24 Dermal tissue DEFINITION 24 epidermal cells originating from the protoderm cover all parts of the primary plant body guard cells: dumbell-shaped cells flanking stomata stomata: a minute opening bordered by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems; water passes out of a plant mainly through the stomata trichomes: hairlike outgrowths , regulate microclimate root hairs: tubular extensions of epidermal cells, increases root surface area TERM 25 Dermal tissue cont. DEFINITION 25 trichomes: cellular ormulticellular hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis keep leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation by covering stomatal openings some are glandular, secreting substances thatdeter herbivory TERM 26 Ground tissue DEFINITION 26 Parenchyma cells are the most common type of plant cell ^may live for many years, functioning in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion ^some contain chloroplasts and are called chlorenchyma ^last specialized; has primary wall; no secondary wall ^protoplast generally has central vacuole ^^protoplastt = cell contentsexclusive of a cell wall TERM 27 Ground tissue cont DEFINITION 27 collenchyma cells provide support, allowing bonding, but not breaking ^have living protoplasts and may live for many years ^has a primary wall, but no secondary ^^primary wall is thicker than in parenchyma, irregular in thickness usually grouped into strands (ex. strings in celery) function: support w/o restraining growth TERM 28 Sclerenchyma cells DEFINITION 28 have tough thick walls lack living walls at maturity TERM 29 Two general types of sclerenchyma cells DEFINITION 29 fibers sclereids TERM 30 Fibers DEFINITION 30 long, slendercells that are usually grouped in strands TERM 31 Sclereids DEFINITION 31 variable shape; branched; may occur singly or in groups found in seed coats and chells TERM 32 Two types cont. DEFINITION 32 both strengthen tissues primary and secondary wall with lignin - cannot elongate at maturity, may lack protoplasts; therefore, may be dead TERM 33 Vascular tissue conducts water and nutrients DEFINITION 33 xylem constitutes the main water- and mineral-conducting tissue vessels: continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells arranged end-to-end tracheids: dead cells that taper at the end and overlap one another TERM 34 Types of xylem DEFINITION 34 primary: derived from procambium secondary: formed by the vascular cambium ^wood made of accumulated secondary xylem TERM 35 Vascular tissue DEFINITION 35 Phloem: principle food-conducting tissue located toward the outer part of roots and stems carried through sievecells and sieve-tube members (living cells) each sieve-tube member associated with companion cell