Nematodes: Definition, Classification, and Characteristics, Quizzes of Agricultural engineering

Download Nematodes: Definition, Classification, and Characteristics and more Quizzes Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What does the Greek word Nematode mean? DEFINITION 1 Nematode means "threadlike" in Greek Nemat = Thread ode = like TERM 2 What kingdom are nematodes classified in? What phylum? DEFINITION 2 Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Nematoda TERM 3 What does "triploblastic" mean and what are the names of the different layers? DEFINITION 3 A "triploblastic" organism is one which is developed from 3 primary germ layers. These germ layers are known as the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. TERM 4 What does "bilaterally symmetrical" mean? DEFINITION 4 An organism is "bilaterally symmetrical" when, after being split down the center, each side of the organism is identical (symmetrical) to the other side. TERM 5 What is a "pseudocoelomate animal"? DEFINITION 5 "Pseudocoelomate animals" have a pseudocoel (literally "false cavity") which is a fully functional body cavity. Tissue derived from the mesoderm only partly lines the fluid filled body cavity of these animals. Thus, although organs are held in place loosely, they are not as well organized as in a "coelomate animal". TERM 6 What does "vermiform" mean? DEFINITION 6 "Vermiform" basically means worm-shaped. TERM 7 What does "pyriform" mean? DEFINITION 7 The "pyriform" stage of a nematode is the swollen stage in a nematode's life when it is no longer "vermiform". TERM 8 All plant-parasitic nematodes are "biotrophs"; what does "biotroph" mean? DEFINITION 8 A "biotroph" is an organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism. TERM 9 What two organ systems do humans have that nematodes do not have? DEFINITION 9 Respiratory and Circulatory TERM 10 What is "amphimixis"? DEFINITION 10 Sexual reproduction; cross fertilization; requires males and females TERM 21 What does "intracellular migration" mean? "intercellular migration"? DEFINITION 21 Intracellular Migration - When nematodes migrate THROUGH cells when traveling to feeding spots. Intercellular Migration - When nematodes migrate AROUND cells when traveling to feeding spots. TERM 22 How does Meloidogyne travel through cells? DEFINITION 22 Intercellularly TERM 23 What is the difference between a "sign" and a "symptom" when discussing pathogens? DEFINITION 23 A sign is seeing the actual manifestation of the pathogen (cysts, eggs, nematodes, etc.). A symptom is seeing a byproduct of the pathogen (wilting, galls, necrotic lesions, etc.). TERM 24 What are the two most common genus' of Cyst Nematodes? DEFINITION 24 Heterodera and Globodera TERM 25 Does the genus Heterodera reproduce by amphimixis or parthenogenesis? DEFINITION 25 Amphimixis TERM 26 What are the feeding sites of Heterodera called? DEFINITION 26 Syncytia TERM 27 What is the common name of the Nematoda genus Pratylenchus? DEFINITION 27 Lesion Nematode TERM 28 What is the common name of the Nematoda genus Aphelenchoides? DEFINITION 28 Foliar Nematode TERM 29 What is the common name of the Nematoda genus Bursaphelenchus? DEFINITION 29 Pine Wilt Nematode TERM 30 How long is the typical life cycle of Pratylenchus? DEFINITION 30 45 - 65 days TERM 31 How long is the typical life cycle of Aphelenchoides? DEFINITION 31 2 weeks TERM 32 What does "sinusoidal" mean? DEFINITION 32 Sinusoidal - snake-like movement nematodes use to travel through moist conditions TERM 33 What are the three organisms that are mainly involved in the Pine Wilt Disease Complex? DEFINITION 33 1. Pine Wilt Nematode 2. Pine Sawyer Beetle 3. Blue Stain Fungus (vectored by Bark Beetle) TERM 34 What causes pine trees to wilt when they are infected with pine wilt nematodes? DEFINITION 34 Nematodes tend to feed on the cells surrounding the resin ducts which causes the resin to leak into the tracheids (xylem). When the resin leaks into the tracheids this cause tracheid cavitation (air pockets in the xylem). This causes the water system to become clogged and the tree can no longer get enough water to the necessary parts. TERM 35 What is the common name of the Nematoda genus Belonolaimus? DEFINITION 35 Sting Nematode