Exam 1 review | HSCI 2230 - Intro Microbiology, Quizzes of Microbiology

Download Exam 1 review | HSCI 2230 - Intro Microbiology and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 List the 6 major groups of microbes DEFINITION 1 Bacteria, virus, Fungi, protozoa, and algae TERM 2 List several factors causing the increase in infectious diseases. DEFINITION 2 increase in # of susecptible people, increased travel, growing # of human pathogens, and capacity of microbes to respond and adapt to change TERM 3 Diiferentiate between prokaruotic and eukaryotic cells DEFINITION 3 Prokaryotic cells are simpler, smaller, and lack a nucleus and organells. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex TERM 4 What is the scientific method? What criteria are required? DEFINITION 4 An approach to explain a natural phenomenon. The criteria of measurement, reproducibility, and falsifability. TERM 5 What are the earmarks of pseudoscience? DEFINITION 5 Untestable claims, over-reliance on confirmation rather than refutation, lack of openness to testing by other experts, absence of progress, personalization of issues, and use of misleading language. TERM 6 What is the germ theory of disease? DEFINITION 6 States many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and NOT by sins, poverty, smells, etc. TERM 7 List 6 characteristics of life DEFINITION 7 growth and development, reproduction and heredity, metabolism, movement/limitability, organization, and transport of nutrients and waste. TERM 8 What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria DEFINITION 8 rods (bacilli), balls (cocci), and helical or spiral TERM 9 What do bacteria eat? DEFINITION 9 almost anyting TERM 10 flagella DEFINITION 10 long filamentous processes, that rotate 360 degrees for motility TERM 21 what are 3 ways of cultivating animal viruses? DEFINITION 21 live animals, bird embryos, and cell cultures TERM 22 why are viruses more difficult to treat then bacterial diseases? DEFINITION 22 Viruses grown within a host cell and it is hard to stop their replication without killing the host cell TERM 23 How are viral diseases diagnosed? DEFINITION 23 take appropriate sample TERM 24 simple diffusion DEFINITION 24 no ATP required, no carrier proteins TERM 25 osmosis DEFINITION 25 leave/enters the cell through special channels, no ATP required TERM 26 Facilitated diffusion DEFINITION 26 require carrier proteins, no ATP needed TERM 27 Active transport DEFINITION 27 carrier and ATP required. Concentration gradient independent TERM 28 Group translocation DEFINITION 28 carrier and ATP required. concentration independent TERM 29 What are 3 ecological groups base on temperature preference? DEFINITION 29 Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, and Thermophiles TERM 30 What are 5 groups of bacteria based on their oxygen requirements? DEFINITION 30 Aerobes, microaerophiles, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and anaerobes. TERM 31 How does pH affect cells? DEFINITION 31 Bacteria and fungus thrive in a low (acidic) ph levels but will not grow in high (alkaline) levels. TERM 32 What are 3 types of symbiosis? DEFINITION 32 Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism TERM 33 What are 2 types of non-sumbiotic microbial associations? DEFINITION 33 Synergism and antagonism TERM 34 Lag phase DEFINITION 34 flat period of adjustment; little growth TERM 35 exponential growth phase DEFINITION 35 maximum growth as long as cells have adequate nutrients. TERM 46 Cold DEFINITION 46 slows metabolism and replication TERM 47 Desiccation DEFINITION 47 dries microorganisms out TERM 48 ionizing radiation DEFINITION 48 breaks water down into highly reactive hydroxyl redicals that bind to other cellular components and disrupts their function TERM 49 Nonionizing radiation DEFINITION 49 damages DNA by causing bonds to form between adjacent thymines and inhibits correct replication of DNA TERM 50 Filtration DEFINITION 50 Physical removal of microbes