Biology Terminology: Molecules and Proteins, Quizzes of Biochemistry

Download Biology Terminology: Molecules and Proteins and more Quizzes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What is used as template during transcription? DEFINITION 1 DNA TERM 2 Cell membranes are mainly made up of... DEFINITION 2 lipids and protein TERM 3 Are lipids polar or nonpolar? DEFINITION 3 Nonpolar TERM 4 ______ are attracted by both nuclei in a covalent bond DEFINITION 4 bonding valence electrons TERM 5 2 things covalent bond length depends on: DEFINITION 5 1. Nature of the atoms bonded2. Number of electrons in the bond. TERM 6 Which have less bond energy: C-C double bonds or C-C triple bonds? DEFINITION 6 C-C double bonds TERM 7 Can one codon correspond to more than one amino acid? DEFINITION 7 No, but one amino acid can be encoded by two or more codons (see chart) TERM 8 Is the heme ring entirely non polar? DEFINITION 8 No, the two histidine residues are polar! TERM 9 What does the distal histidine in Hb do? DEFINITION 9 Acts as a gatekeeper! Prevents CO2 entry and O2- exit. TERM 10 What does the proximal histidine in Hb do? DEFINITION 10 Coordination site for iron TERM 21 Myglobin's oxygen saturation curve reflects... DEFINITION 21 simple equilibrium (it does not readily give up oxygen in the tissues) TERM 22 Hemoglobin's oxygen saturation curve reflects... DEFINITION 22 A sigmoidal (s-shaped) curve. This reflects allostery TERM 23 Binding of a substance in one place makes it easier for the rest of the protein to bind/function. DEFINITION 23 Cooperative binding. TERM 24 State in which there is a lower oxygen affinity for heme groups DEFINITION 24 tense state TERM 25 State in which there is a higher oxygen affinity for heme groups DEFINITION 25 relaxed state TERM 26 Compound that stabilizes interxns between the 4 subunits of Hb & favors tense state DEFINITION 26 2,3 biphosphoglycerate(or 2,3 BPG) TERM 27 O2- is known as DEFINITION 27 superoxide TERM 28 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation DEFINITION 28 pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA] TERM 29 Water is found predominantly in the _____ state DEFINITION 29 un-ionized TERM 30 Water is a permanent dipole with partial charges at __ and ___. DEFINITION 30 Oxygen and both hydrogens TERM 31 Peptide bonds are a covalent link between... DEFINITION 31 the alpha carboxyl group of one amino acid and the alpha amino group of another. TERM 32 4 major macromolecule goups? DEFINITION 32 1. nucleic acids2. protein3. lipids4. carbohydrates TERM 33 The entropy of the universe is... DEFINITION 33 increasing! TERM 34 Acids are proton _____ DEFINITION 34 donors TERM 35 Bases are proton _______ DEFINITION 35 acceptors TERM 46 Coordination point for heme central iron DEFINITION 46 Proximal histidine TERM 47 What holds nucleotides together to form nucleic acid? DEFINITION 47 Covalent phosphodiester bonds TERM 48 Divergent, oxidizing, exergonic pathways DEFINITION 48 Catabolic TERM 49 Reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase? DEFINITION 49 H2O + CO2 -----> H2CO3 TERM 50 Amino acid 143 in adult Hb (HbA) is... DEFINITION 50 Histidine TERM 51 Amino acid 143 in fetal Hb (HbF) is... DEFINITION 51 Serine TERM 52 The serine in HbF causes ____ to be bound less efficiently to HbF DEFINITION 52 2,3 DPG/BPG (same thing, the difference is bi/di, they mean the same thing) TERM 53 Primary intracellular buffer DEFINITION 53 Phosphate buffering system TERM 54 When deltaG for a reaction is zero, the reaction... DEFINITION 54 is at equilibrium TERM 55 alpha2 beta2 tetramer is the ____ form of hemoglobin DEFINITION 55 adult TERM 56 The affinity of CO for Hb is _____ than the affinity of O2 for Hb under the same conditions DEFINITION 56 higher TERM 57 A beta-turn is a _____ structural element of a peptide strand DEFINITION 57 secondary TERM 58 Glycogen is found in _____; starch is found in ______ DEFINITION 58 animals, plants TERM 59 Is glycine commonly substituted? DEFINITION 59 No, it's too small TERM 60 The pH of blood in the tissues favors the _____ state of Hb DEFINITION 60 tense TERM 71 The normal 3-D structure of a protein DEFINITION 71 native state/conformation TERM 72 Insoluble aggregate of protein deposited in tissues DEFINITION 72 amyloid TERM 73 The proteins that make up amyloid are generally misfolded (T/F)? DEFINITION 73 True TERM 74 Can heating beef tainted w/ Mad Cow Disease eliminate the dangerous prions? DEFINITION 74 NO TERM 75 Breaks disulfide bonds to denature proteins DEFINITION 75 beta-mercaptoethanol TERM 76 Tag identifying proteins to be brought to proteasome DEFINITION 76 Ubiquitin TERM 77 Function of proximal histidine DEFINITION 77 Coordination site for iron in the heme ring TERM 78 Can the histidine R group act like a base under physiologic conditions? DEFINITION 78 Yes.H, R, and K can act as bases. TERM 79 Where are hydrophobic amino acids likely to be found in water? DEFINITION 79 buried in the interior of the protein TERM 80 The ionic interaction of an ion pair is (directly//inversely) proportional to the product of their charges? DEFINITION 80 directly TERM 81 The primary and tertiary structures of beta- globin and myoglobin show ____ degrees of homology DEFINITION 81 high TERM 82 At the pKa of an acid... DEFINITION 82 the acid and it's conjugate base are at equimolar concentrations TERM 83 Can free amino acids function as buffers? DEFINITION 83 Yes! TERM 84 Are prolines common in alpha helices? DEFINITION 84 No, they cause kinks in the peptide backbone. TERM 85 Free rotation around the peptide bond is negligible (T/F)? DEFINITION 85 True TERM 96 CO2 in the blood is carried predominantly as... DEFINITION 96 bicarbonate ions TERM 97 Can act as a fuel source or signalling molecule, or provide structure DEFINITION 97 lipids TERM 98 Contain genetic information DEFINITION 98 nucleic acid TERM 99 Made of amino acids DEFINITION 99 proteins TERM 100 Stores glucose in animals DEFINITION 100 glycogen TERM 101 Stores glucose in plants DEFINITION 101 starch TERM 102 Complex carbohydrate in plants with lots of strong H bonds DEFINITION 102 cellulose TERM 103 Complex carbohydrate in arthropods DEFINITION 103 chitin TERM 104 Water has a ___ dielectric constant DEFINITION 104 high TERM 105 How do buffers resist pH changes? DEFINITION 105 They act as weak acid/conjugate base so they buffer by accepting and donating protons to maintain pH TERM 106 Form a MINOR blood and intracellular buffering system DEFINITION 106 free amino acids TERM 107 Gibb's free energy equation DEFINITION 107 deltaG = deltaH - TdeltaSWhere deltaH is the change in enthalpy in either j/kg or kj/kgT is temperature in KelvindeltaS is change in entropy in either J/K or kJ/KMake sure units are uniform across equation -- stick with either J or kJ TERM 108 deltaG < 0 DEFINITION 108 Reaction proceeds spontaneously (exothermic) TERM 109 deltaG > 0 DEFINITION 109 Reaction is not spontaneous (endothermic) TERM 110 deltaG = 0 DEFINITION 110 Reaction is at equilibrium