Exam 1 Study Guide - Classification of Animals - General Zoology | BIOL 1110, Study notes of Zoology

Download Exam 1 Study Guide - Classification of Animals - General Zoology | BIOL 1110 and more Study notes Zoology in PDF only on Docsity! BIOL 1110 General Zoology Fall 2011 A Brief Study Guide for the First Exam Thursday, 22 September 2011 Below, I've listed the important topics that you should be studying for the first exam. The exam will have 50 objective- type questions (multiple choice, true/false) and be worth 100 points. 1. Microevolution and Natural Selection —Know the definitions of and differences between microevolution & macroevolution —Know the five ways for microevolution to occur —Know the basic ideas of non-random mating, mutation, and gene flow —Know what genetic drift is, and the tarantula example —Know Darwin’s general thinking on natural selection (his 3 main hypotheses) —Know that Alfred Russel Wallace co-discovered natural selection —Know the example of natural selection involving gall flies —Know what is meant by fitness, and the different ways to determine fitness —Know the difference between stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection —Know the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation processes —Know what is meant by reproductive isolation —Know what wings evolved from and why we think this (similarity in shape and genes) 2. Classification of Animals —Know who developed the current taxonomic system and the meaning of binomial nomenclature —Know the 8 major levels of the Linnaen classification scheme —Know the 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms of living organisms —Know differences between species definitions (typological, biological, evolutionary concepts) —Know that the species level is more “real” than the other groupings —Know the difference between homology and analogy —Know the difference between monophyletic, polyphyletic, and paraphyletic 3. Kingdom Protista: The Protozoans —Know what defines a protozoan (unicellular, eukaryotic, generally heterotrophic) —Know these parts of a protozoan: pellicle, vacuoles, cytopharynx, ectoplasm, endoplasm —Know the 4 different methods protozoans use to reproduce —Know the general characteristics of the 4 super groups (Excavata, Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Chromalveolata) —Know what flagella, tests, cysts, and pseudopodia are —Know how conjugation works and what is meant by a macronucleus —Know that protozoans are related to bacteria and animals 4. Phylum Porifera: Sponges —Know the characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia and when they first appear —Know that choanoflagellates are likely ancestor of animals —Know the two hypotheses to explain origin of multicellular life (colonial vs. syncytial) —Know the key characteristics of the sponges —Know the major cell types & their functions —Know these parts: spicules; operculum; spongocoel; ostia/dermal pores —Know the 3 body forms (ascon, syncon, and leucon) —Know that sponges lack tissues and organs; gas/food/waste exchange is via diffusion —Know that sponges lack nerves and muscles, but can respond to some stimuli —Know how sponges reproduce asexually (gemmules, budding) —Know how sponges reproduce sexually (monoecious, don’t self-fertilize, etc.) 5. Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora —Know what is meant by radial symmetry —Know what is meant by diploblastic, and the two tissue layers present —Know the key characteristics of cnidarians —Know what a cnidocyte is BIOL 1110 General Zoology Fall 2011 —Know the differences between polyp and medusa stages, and what alternation of generations is —Know these terms: gastrovascular cavity; hydrostatic skeleton; nerve net; statocyst —Know how cnidarians can move —Know basics of cnidarian reproduction, both sexual and asexual —Know the characteristics and differences between the 5 Classes of cnidarians (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, Staurozoa and Cubozoa) —Know the basic characteristics of sea anemones and corals —Know what zooxanthellae are and their function —Know the key characteristics of the ctenophores Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Ctenophora Characteristics Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Symmetry Asymmetrical or Biradial Radial Radial Biradial Biradial Tissue Layers None Diploblastic Diploblastic Diploblastic Diploblastic with Muscle Cells Digestive System None Incomplete Incomplete Incomplete Complete Osmoregulation Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Gas Exchange Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Nervous System None Nerve Net Nerve Net Nerve Net Nerve Net Sensory Organs None Statocyst Statocyst, Photoreceptor Statocyst, Tactile (touch) Receptors Statocyst, Bioluminescent Asexual Strategy Some Regeneration, Gemmules Budding Polyps Budding Polyps Pedal Laceration None Sexual Mating Strategy Monoecious Dioecious Dioecious Monoecious or Dioecious Monoecious Fertilization External External External External External Larvae Free-living, Flagellated Free-living, Ciliated Free-living, Ciliated Free-living, Ciliated Free-living, Ciliated Adult Foods Filter Feeding Carnivorous Carnivorous Carnivorous or Filter Feeding Omnivorous on Small Organisms