Exam 1 Study Guide | HIST 102 - World History Since 1500, Quizzes of World History

Download Exam 1 Study Guide | HIST 102 - World History Since 1500 and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Name the Dynasty that ruled China from China from 1644-1911 DEFINITION 1 The Qing Dynasty TERM 2 Why was China the most powerful empire in the world in 1500 DEFINITION 2 China had a tradition of civil service staffed by Confucian scholars, had a very large population, had a stable agrarian system and had a strong /powerful state government TERM 3 To serve in the bureaucratic system of government in China from 1368-1911, a person needed to DEFINITION 3 have been trained in Confucian thought and passed rigorous civil exams TERM 4 The Chinese concept of "law of avoidance" was: DEFINITION 4 a law that required district magistrates to be appointed to areas where they had not lived TERM 5 True or False: During the Ming Dynasty, Jesuit missionaries in China were tolerant of Chinese culture and adapted their faith and rituals to Chinese traditions DEFINITION 5 True! TERM 6 The confucian concept and tradition of filial piety involved: DEFINITION 6 honoring the father of the family TERM 7 Who were considered the most honorable in Chinese society working class? DEFINITION 7 Peasants TERM 8 Who was Matteo Ricci? DEFINITION 8 A Jesuit missionary TERM 9 Who was the emporer of china that was noted for his poetry and for overseeing the "bulging" of the imperial treasury? DEFINITION 9 Qianlong TERM 10 How did Tokugawa become Shogun of Japan? DEFINITION 10 He defeated, in a major battle, the armies other Daimyo TERM 21 Who were two leaders of the Ottoman Empire? DEFINITION 21 Selim and Suleyman TERM 22 What modern nation made up the majority of the Safavid Empire? DEFINITION 22 Iran TERM 23 What is a Manchurian Queue? DEFINITION 23 A hairstyle forced on male Manchurians after they were taken over after the Ming Dynasty. It was shaven in the front and ponytailed in the back TERM 24 Which Islamic Empire expanded into the Balkans in Southeastern Europe? DEFINITION 24 The Ottomans TERM 25 Who was the Italian who explored the New World for England in 1497? DEFINITION 25 John Cabot (English name)/ Giovanni Cabatto (Italian name) TERM 26 Who were two leaders of the Mughal Empire? DEFINITION 26 Akbur and Aurangzeb TERM 27 Which Islamic Empire embraced (sometimes by force) Shi'ism? DEFINITION 27 The Safavid Empire. TERM 28 What were Shah Ismail's military supporters known as? DEFINITION 28 Qizilbash TERM 29 Which Mughal leader was a devout Muslim and extremely intolerant of other religions? DEFINITION 29 Aurangzeb TERM 30 Which Mughal leader was very tolerant of Hindus and created his own religion known as "Divine- Faith" DEFINITION 30 Akbur TERM 31 True or False: Prince Henry of Portugal allowed only Portuguese navigators/captains to sail for Portugal DEFINITION 31 False! Anybody with experience could sail BUT they had to be Christian TERM 32 Why didn't Italian captains sail for Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries? DEFINITION 32 Italy wasn't a nation! TERM 33 Where was the "Christian Nation" of the east that Prince Henry was able to establish contact with and became allies with against the Islamic Empires? DEFINITION 33 DID NOT EXIST! TERM 34 Name the two nations that were involved with the Treaty of Tordesillas DEFINITION 34 Spain and Portugal TERM 35 What was the name of the Trading Company that was established by the English in 1600? DEFINITION 35 East India Trading Company TERM 46 Where was the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) chiefly fought? DEFINITION 46 Present day Germany TERM 47 Who was the Italian who explored the New World for Spain beginning in 1492? DEFINITION 47 Christopher Columbus TERM 48 What were the Manilla Galleons? DEFINITION 48 They were Spanish ships working out of the port of Manilla that took silver from the Americas (particularly South America) and traded it for luxury goods in China which they hauled overland back to Spain TERM 49 What was the name of the trading company that was established by the Dutch in 1602? DEFINITION 49 The VOC (aka the United East India Company) TERM 50 What is a Huguenot? DEFINITION 50 French Protestant TERM 51 In the philosophy of Confucianism, why was education important? DEFINITION 51 It was taught that man is good and will do the right thing when given the opportunity (to honor the emperor/the "father") TERM 52 When was the Chinese dynasty changeover from the Ming to the Qing? DEFINITION 52 1644 TERM 53 What was the political structure like in China in the Ming Dynasty? DEFINITION 53 The Emperor personally led the government and had a large support group of eunuchs, concubines, and grand secretaries. The bureaucracy was organized into a large administrative branch that commanded military and justice through a web of provincial and district offices. To enter the bureaucracy you had to have years of school (confucian thought) and pass a rigorous civil exam that lasted days. TERM 54 Who were the Chinese gentry? DEFINITION 54 They were educated and landowning citizens that didn't pass the civil service exam and either played a support role or were directly involved in the Chinese bureaucracy as "scholar-bureaucrats". They helped to reinforce confucian concepts of ethical interaction TERM 55 What were the social realities of both the gentry and those in the bureaucracy? DEFINITION 55 Strong adherence to filial piety (the father was the head and then the oldest son). It was a very male centered subculture that often killed female infants, didn't allow females any say in marriage, binded their feet (which meant that they couldn't function normally. Extra expense=status symbol for a rich chinese man), and were not allowed to instigate divorce. Widows were even encouraged to kill themselves since they had no societal purpose without a man. TERM 56 What did the Chinese class system consist of? DEFINITION 56 The Privileged: Scholar-bureaucrats and gentry that were identified by their clothing, owned land in towns and cities. The Working class: Peasants were the most honorable. Also included artisans and skilled workers (paid by gentry) and merchants (super bad reputation). The Lower Class: Military (they were a necessary evil) and mean people (slaves, prostitutes) TERM 57 Why did the Ming Dynasty insist on isolation from the rest of the world? DEFINITION 57 Superiority complex. Once the dynasty was in place, they limited expansion but produced the luxury goods of the time (silk, porcelain, and tea). The agrarian system supported the rising population and silver evolved as the main currency. While the Ming dynasty was off ignoring the world, major advancements were happening elsewhere...(Industrial Revolution, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment). UHOH TERM 58 Details of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) DEFINITION 58 Started with the overthrow of the Mongol Yaun Dynasty and the Ming dynasty replaced the foreign mongol concepts with chineses ones. An increase in food production led to an increase of population and more advance agricultural techniques. They were paranoid of getting invaded back by the Mongols and moved the capital closer to keep an eye on things (Beijing). Built the forbidden city and the great wall to protect infrastructure. They produced luxury goods of high quality and volume without influence from outside China. TERM 59 How did the Ming Dynasty's decline occur? DEFINITION 59 After they retrenched themselves into the forbidden city, a series of weak emporers became subject to influence from corrupt Eunuchs and Grand Secretaries. The lack of leadership disrupted the political system and bad decisions about trade occurred. Zheng He was an admiral of an awesome 62 ship armada that the emperor ordered destroyed which left the coast vulnerable to.... PIRATES! And then everyone starved and the peasants got grumpy and.... REVOLTED! TERM 60 How did the Ming Dynasty end? DEFINITION 60 After the grumpy hungry peasants revolted and captured Beijing, the Mings invited the Manchurians (the future Qing Dynasty) to put down the revolt, which they did but.... then they stayed. And "disposed" of the Ming emperor