Exam 1 with Solution for The Solar System | AST 191, Exams of Astronomy

Download Exam 1 with Solution for The Solar System | AST 191 and more Exams Astronomy in PDF only on Docsity! Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 1 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 Name (Printed)_____________________________ Signature _____________________________ Student Number_____________________________ Seat Number _____________________________ IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: => Fill in your name and student number in the space above and on the bubble sheet. => VERY IMPORTANT - Enter the number 101101 in the Special Codes section on the bubble sheet. => Do not lose credit on this exam! Make sure that your name (5 points) and => special codes (5 points) have been filled in properly on the bubble sheet. => Read the questions carefully. Watch out for true-false questions with scrabled answers. => This page must be turned in with the bubble sheet after the exam. => You may keep the test after you are finished. => If you mark your answers you can grade it yourself by picking up an answer sheet. The answer sheet will have the first part of the Special Codes number, 101. Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 1 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 1 Considering how a planet's velocity changes along its 8 What would happen to a rocket moving above the Earth's orbit, the fastest speed will occur at which point in the atmosphere, with a speed smaller than the orbital orbit? velocity? A WRONG! speed does not change along an orbit A fly off into space B apheliun B fall to the ground C perihelion C orbit the Earth with eccentric orbit D halfway between perihelion and aphelion D orbit the Earth with circular orbit 2 Newton's picture of a high mountain, with cannons shot away 9 It took astronauts 3 days to get to the moon. At that rate from it, was used to explain how what works? how long would it take to go across the diameter of the A eclipses sun? B Earth's seasons A 2 years C precession B 2 hours D moon phases C 2 weeks E orbits D 2 months E 2 days 3 If the gravitational force between the Earth and moon were suddenly turned off, what would happen to the moon? 10 In 13,000 years which of the following will still be true A orbit Earth half as fast despite precession? (Remeber that our calendar is B move off into space in a straight line continuously corrected for precession). C fall onto the Earth A the sun is in Aquarius on the vernal equinox D nothing at all B August is summer time in the northern hemisphere E orbit Earth twice as fast C Polaris will still be our North Star D the constellation Orion is visible in winter 4 Why do satellites have to get a few hundred miles high to be in orbit? 11 Which planet has an orbit which is very eccentric, tilted A magnetic field is stronger that high with respect to the rest of the solar system, and actually B magnetic field is weaker that high crosses the orbit of another planet? C get above friction of our atmosphere A Pluto D Earth's gravity is much weaker that high B Mercury E gravitational field is stronger that high C Venus D Saturn 5 The biggest terrestrial planet is E Mars A Mars B Earth 12 Many thousands of years ago, ancient peoples made a major C the sun effort to build accurate calendars because D Venus A they wanted to know what caused the phases of the moon E Jupiter B they wanted to know their sun sign C their religions required this 6 Where are most asteroids usually found? D they needed to get the growing seaons right A between Mercury and sun E they worshiped the sun B between Mars and Jupiter C between Mars and Earth 13 Our summer now occurs when the Earth is farthest from the D beyond orbit of Neptune sun, and when the North pole points towards the sun. E between Earth and Venus Because of precession, in 13,000 years summer will occur during which of the following times? 7 We have used spacecraft to visit other stars and their A only near full moon solar systems B only near new moon A true C when N pole points away from sun B false D when Earth farthest from sun E when Earth closest to sun Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 1 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 43 When a planet is close to the sun in an elliptical orbit, 50 Which of the following most directly measures how much its orbital speed is __ when it is further away. matter is in something? A slower than A density B the same as B thickness C faster than C diameter D weight 44 Precession causes which of the following to change? E mass A our north star B Jupiter's orbit around sun >>> C continental drift >>>Did you put 101101 in Special Codes? D length of our year >>> E length of the month 45 How does the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis change over one year, with respect to the rest of the universe? A very little B changes to always point towards the sun C is constantly perpendicular to the orbital plane D precesses around in a full circle E changes to always point towards the moon 46 If you take a picture of the nighttime sky by holding the shutter of a camera open for several hours, stars make long streaks. This is cause by A rotation of the Earth B Earth's orbit around the sun C moon's orbit around the Earth D sun's orbit around the galaxy E stars' motions across the galaxy 47 A body that is held together by its gravity will always . .. A be close to the sun B have a strong magnetic field C spin very slowly D be round like a ball E spin very fast 48 Mercury and Venus do not have any moons. Their masses could only be measured in which century? A 16th B 18th C 20th D 19th E 17th 49 The length of the month is most related to the motion of A the Earth around the sun B the spin of the sun on its axis C the sun around the galaxy D the spin of the Earth on its axis E the moon around the Earth Special Codes= 101101 1 00000 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 00000 1 Answer Sheet: Ast 191-1 Test 1 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 1 c 2 e 3 b 4 c 5 b 6 b 7 b 8 b 9 c 10 b 11 a 12 d 13 e 14 e 15 e 16 c 17 e 18 c 19 c 20 b 21 d 22 e 23 a 24 a 25 e 26 d 27 b 28 c 29 d 30 a 31 d 32 b 33 a 34 a 35 d 36 e 37 c 38 c 39 d 40 b 41 e 42 b 43 c 44 a 45 a 46 a 47 d 48 c 49 e 50 e Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 2 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 Name (Printed)_____________________________ Signature _____________________________ Student Number_____________________________ Seat Number _____________________________ IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: => Fill in your name and student number in the space above and on the bubble sheet. => VERY IMPORTANT - Enter the number 101101 in the Special Codes section on the bubble sheet. => Do not lose credit on this exam! Make sure that your name (5 points) and => special codes (5 points) have been filled in properly on the bubble sheet. => Read the questions carefully. Watch out for true-false questions with scrabled answers. => This page must be turned in with the bubble sheet after the exam. => You may keep the test after you are finished. => If you mark your answers you can grade it yourself by picking up an answer sheet. The answer sheet will have the first part of the Special Codes number, 101. Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 2 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 29 You can tell whether a planet has hot flowing liquid metals 36 What does the moon look like in the middle of a lunar deep inside by measuring which of the following? eclipse, when it is in the shadow of the Earth? A length of its year A very red color B depth of its oceans B like normal full moon, bright white circle of light C number of moons it has C like normal first quarter moon D length of its day D completely invisible E magnetic field E bright blue color 30 Which of the following will be true when the Earth reaches 37 Iron in the Earth's outer core is a liquid, but the inner complete synchronous rotation with the moon billions of core is solid despite having a higher temperature. Which years from now? of the following is the reason why the inner core is A our length of our day will be much shorter solid? B Earth keeps same side pointed to sun A it has a low magnetic field C moon will escape into intergalactic space B it has a very high pressure D our month (time between new moons) will be much shorter C it has less dense material E Earth keeps same side pointed to moon D it has a high magnetic field E it has a very low pressure 31 The study of seismic waves tells us that __. A granite is denser than basalt 38 The moon can be thought of as having a "heavy" side and a B the Earth is a permanent magnetic "light" side. Which side is the "heavy" side? C the outer core of the Earth is liquid A side pointed towards Earth D the mantle is liquid B side pointed away from Earth E the Earth is 4.5 billion years old C south pole D north pole 32 The length of the Earth's day is slowly increasing because of 39 Which of the following measures how tightly packed together A magnetic pull of sun something is? B friction with Earth's atmosphere A weight C ocean currents pushing on continents B density D magnetic pull of moon C color E friction with tidal bulges D mass 33 When the Earth is between the moon and sun what phase does 40 Which of the following types of eclipse is common, since the moon have? half the people of the Earth can view it? A first quarter A lunar B full B stellar C crescent C precessional D new D convective E last quarter E solar 34 Which has the greater mass, a 1 kg loaf of bread, or a 1 kg 41 When you look at an impact crater, the shape and size of piece of lead? the crater are mostly due to what? A lead A the explosion when the meteorite hit B impossible to determine B the size and shape are the same as the meteorite C both the same C erosion soon after the impact D bread D the angle between the ground and the path of the meteorite 35 In ancient times the first day of the month happened when 42 How do the sizes of Kentucky's impact craters compare with A crescent moon barely visible the crater identified with the KT catastrophe? B time of lunar eclipese A Kentucky has no impact craters C moon's first quarter phase B about 100 times larger D moon's last quarter phase C more than 10 times smaller E moon's full phase D about 10 times larger E about the same Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 2 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 43 The region of the Earth with the lowest density is its __. 50 Because of land tides, Kentucky is farthest from the center A asthenosphere of the Earth when __. B core A the moon is on the horizon C crust B the moon is full D lower mantle C the moon is overhead D the season is summer 44 Why do geologists know that the KT Catastrophe was E the sun is on the horizon associated with a meteorite impact? A Earth's magnetic field >>> B photographs of the asteroid >>>Did you put 101101 in Special Codes? C composition of clay layer >>> D presence of large impact basin in Russia E astronaut descriptions of comet 45 Which of the following measures the pull due to the Earth's gravity? A weight B density C mass 46 We know that certain regions inside the Earth are liquid because A of changes in the Earth's precession B special Earthquakes occur there C this region produces waves in oceans D certain types of seismic waves do not pass through E of tidal effects they have on the surface 47 When the moon is almost lined up between the Earth and sun what phase of the moon do we see? A first quarter B last quarter C gibbous D new E full 48 The Apollo astronauts left reflectors on the moon. Lasers were bounced off these mirrors to measure what? A speed of light B effects of lasers on the moon C the Earth's magnetic field D distance between Earth and moon E effects of moon dust on mirrors 49 The region of the Earth's mantle where the rocks are mushy is called the A lower mantle B lithosphere C crust D asthenosphere E outer core Special Codes= 101101 1 00000 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 00000 1 Answer Sheet: Ast 191-1 Test 2 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 e 5 d 6 b 7 c 8 d 9 a 10 b 11 a 12 e 13 c 14 a 15 c 16 d 17 b 18 c 19 d 20 c 21 d 22 e 23 c 24 d 25 c 26 b 27 b 28 b 29 e 30 e 31 c 32 e 33 b 34 c 35 a 36 a 37 b 38 a 39 b 40 a 41 a 42 c 43 c 44 c 45 a 46 d 47 d 48 d 49 d 50 c Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 3 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 15 Which method of measuring ages tells you the time since the 22 The Apollo 15 astronauts discovered a cliff where they rock was exposed to space, but only on a place with no could see many layers of rock beds. What caused these atmosphere? layers? A icotonic A erosion by moon's ancient oceans B igneomatic B erosion by moon's ancient atmosphere C cosmic ray C sedimentary rocks D radioactive D repeated volcanic flooding E chronographic melt E repeated impacts by meteors 16 Which of the following rock types are the oldest rocks 23 Why was it important to get pictures of the impact craters found on the moon? created by the Ranger and Apollo spacecraft? A impact breccia A determine the strength of moon's magnetic field B anorthosite B this gives information on strength of the lunar surface C marble C determine position of plates on moon's surface D basalt D prove that they really went to the moon E limestone E determine where they hit the moon 17 Some people once thought that the lunar maria were thick 24 What did Galileo think the large dark spots on the moon layers of dust since this could explain which of their were, when he first viewed the moon with a telescope? properties? A images painted on by inhabitants of moon A they are smooth B cups B they are dark C continents C they have rilles D oceans D they have large mountains E deserts E craters are all round 25 Today it is thought possible that there is a large 18 We know today that Venus cannot possibly have life on it undiscovered planet closer to the sun than Mercury. because of its A true A atmosphere is too thin B false B very high temperature C super strong surface gravity 26 What was the name of the project whose goal was to crash D very low temperature land a TV onto the moon, to get close-up pictures of its E strong magnetic field surface? A Apollo 19 All of the following were given as reasons for doing the B Lunar Orbiter Apollo Project, except which one? C Lunar Impactor A study the geology of the moon D Luna B beat the Russians E Ranger C fulfill Kennedy's dream D prove we could do it 27 Roughly how long did it take the Apollo astronauts to fly to the moon? 20 Very fluid lava can flow long distances building channels A 1 month that look like river beds. These channels are called __ . B 3 days A highlands C 1 hour B river beds D 2 weeks C chaotic channels E 1 day D rilles E plate boundaries 28 The light areas you can see when you look at the full moon are which areas? 21 Which is true about magnetism on the moon? A micrometeorite impacts A rocks and moon are both magnetized B highlands B the moon has a strong magnetic field C rilles C some rocks are magnetized, but the moon is not D seas D the moon is magnetized, but not rocks E cold traps E neither rocks nor the moon is magnetized Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 3 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 29 On Venus most of the carbon dioxide produced by volcanoes 36 On the Earth most of the carbon dioxide produced by became __. volcanoes became ___. A oceans A the atmosphere B its atmosphere B oceans C impact craters C polar ice caps D polar ice caps D impact craters E rocks E rocks 30 On the moon, the "magma ocean" refers to the period when 37 Which of the following two worlds are thought to have cold A moon's magnetic field was created traps on them? B lunar seas cracked A Mercury, Venus C oldest meteorites formed B Mars, Venus D rilles formed C Mars, Earth E entire moon melted D Mercury, Earth's moon E Mars, Jupiter 31 Before the space age people thought that Venus would be a lot like which of the following planets (if you could see 38 Why must the material of the Earth have formed under its clouds). planetesimals by chemical processes at low temperatures? A Jupiter A Earth has no volatile compounds B Mercury B moon has no volatile compounds C the Earth C Earth has magnetic field D Mars D moon has volatile compounds E the moon E Earth has volatile compounds 32 Besides radioactive and cosmic ray exposure, what other 39 In the giant impact model of the formation of the moon, the method is used to tell the age of a planetary surface? material knocked off from the Earth was heated up to high A height of mountains relative to surface temperatures while exposed to space. This is why the moon B count number of rilles has no C measure magnetic field strength A volatile elements D count number of impact craters B electric field E measure rotation rate C oceans D gravitational field 33 Today any water remaining on Venus would be present as E polar ice caps A ice in cold traps B oceans 40 The rocks of the moon have been heated to a very high C steam in atmosphere temperature. How do we know this? D underground permafrost A the moon has the density of rocks on the Earth's surface E ice in polar caps B there is so much iron in the moon C there is so little iron in the moon 34 Which of the following planets is the only one now thought D there are no volatile elements in moon rocks to have ice in its cold traps? E the moon has no air A Venus B Earth 41 Which of the following planets had no volcanic activity at C Mars all for more than 4 billion years? D Mercury A Earth E Jupiter B Venus C both Earth and Venus 35 What is ture about sedimentary rocks on the moon? D Mercury A only granite E Mars B all moon rocks are sedimentary C there are none at all D only limestone E only marble Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 3 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 42 The oldest rocks in Kentucky are about half a billion years 49 Which of the following is true of Apollo missions 18 old. The youngest rocks found on the moon are about ___ through 20? years old. A they were never planned A 3 billion B canceled before spacecraft were built B 100 million C spacecraft were built but never used C 4.55 billion D they went to the moon D 5 million E they went to Mars E 1/2 billion 50 What was the goal of the Surveyor spacecraft? 43 The lunar seas are actually the result of A study the moon's surface up close A huge impacts B study moon's magnetic field B flares from the sun C land people on the moon C precession D crash land TV camera on surface D plate tectonics E make maps of the moon's surface E strong magnetic fields >>> 44 All the planets in the solar system orbit counterclockwise >>>Did you put 101101 in Special Codes? viewed from the north. This was caused by ___. >>> A the rotation of the galaxy B the rotation of the solar nebula C radioactive decays D the accretion of planetesimals E compression of a planet's surface 45 We know that there are no undiscovered planets closer to the sun than Mercury because such a planet would do which of the following? A hit the sun due to its eccentric orbit B produce total eclipses of the sun C transit the sun D eclipse our moon E cross Venus' orbit and hit it 46 What are most lunar seas shaped like? A long and thin, like rivers B square C long thin ellipses D round, almost circular E triangular 47 On the moon, anything in shadow has a temperature of roughly -300F, and anything in sunlight has a temperature of roughly 200F. What property of the moon causes this? A the moon has no atmosphere B the moon has no magnetic field C the moon is closer to the sun than the Earth D the seas are made of basalt E the moon is farther from the sun than the Earth 48 The best estimate is that towards the end of the epoch of the heavy bombardment the number of planetesimals had ___ and their size had __. A gone down, gotten much larger B gone up, size stayed the same C gone down, grown larger than Jupiter D gone down, gotten much smaller E gone up, gotten much larger Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 Name (Printed)_____________________________ Signature _____________________________ Student Number_____________________________ Seat Number _____________________________ IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: => Fill in your name and student number in the space above and on the bubble sheet. => VERY IMPORTANT - Enter the number 101101 in the Special Codes section on the bubble sheet. => Do not lose credit on this exam! Make sure that your name (5 points) and => special codes (5 points) have been filled in properly on the bubble sheet. => Read the questions carefully. Watch out for true-false questions with scrabled answers. => THIS TEST IS DIFFERENT FROM PREVIOUS EXAMS!!!! => THE ENTIRE TEST MUST BE TURNED IN WITH THE BUBBLE SHEET AFTER THE EXAM. => You can grade your test by writing your answers on the answer sheet provided. => If you mark your answers you can grade it yourself by picking up an answer sheet. The answer sheet will have the first part of the Special Codes number, 101. Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 1 Jovian planets have lots of moons. How did they form? 8 Very fluid lava can flow long distances building channels A from gas surrounding proto-planet that look like river beds. These channels are called __ . B ejected from planet by volcanoes A chaotic channels C captured from asteroid belt B plate boundaries D captured comets passing by C river beds E from a collision, like our moon D rilles E highlands 2 What would people need to do to terraform Venus? A create lots more atmosphere 9 Mostly Mars' present atmosphere is composed of B produce strong magnetic field A argon C remove lots of its atmosphere B water D speed up its rotation C carbon dioxide E melt ices below surface D oxygen E nitrogen 3 The reason that Mars is so cold is that A it has too little Greenhouse Effect 10 The two most common elements in a Jovian planet are B its day is too long A hydrogen and helium C its year is too long B carbon and oxygen D its day is too short C argon and neon E it is outside the zone of life D nitrogen and hydrogen E neon and sulfur 4 The moon can be thought of as having a "heavy" side and a "light" side. Which side is the "heavy" side? 11 The mass extinctions during the KT catastrophe were most A side pointed towards Earth severe in this part of the Earth. B side pointed away from Earth A North America C south pole B Australia D north pole C Europe D Africa 5 On Mars flash floods appear to have started near volcanoes E Antarctica or impact craters. What causes these flash floods? A liquid carbon dioxide 12 The eroded mesa on Mars that looks like a human face was B magnetic field of crater found were? C water from underground permafrost melts A Tharsis bulge D gentle rainfall in denser atmosphere B Northern Plains E lava from volcano C northern polar ice cap D Valley of the Mariners 6 We discussed the "zone of life" around the sun. What E one of Mars' moons ingredient is only possible inside this zone, and is necessary for life as we know it? 13 Compare winds on Mars and Venus. A liquid water A both very windy B active volcanoes B both dead calm C planets spin rapidly on their axis C nothing is known about winds on either planet D liquid iron cores D Mars, windy. Venus, dead calm E strong magnetic fields E Venus, windy. Mars dead calm 7 The Barringer family paid geologists to drill deep into 14 Scientists first realized that Nucear Winter and an their meteor crater. What did they find buried under it? asteroid impact on the Earth could change the climate of A large buried body of iron meteorite the Earth when they saw B nothing A Venus' atmosphere C thousands of fragments of stony meteorites B cold traps on the moon D thousands of fragments of iron C the rings of Saturn E large buried body of stony meteorite D dried river beds on Mars E dust storms on Mars Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 15 Rilles on the moon are shaped like what? 22 Seasons on Mars are affected by A huge mountains A its tilt B large circles B its distance to sun C elliptical C Mars has no seasons D rivers D its distance from Jupiter E triangles E its tilt and distance to sun 16 When we discussed the search for extraterrestrial 23 Which of the following has the greatest affect on the artifacts, the most likely places to find signs of visits Earth's climate? would be A heat and light from the sun A north pole of Earth B volcanoes B cold traps in moon C heat from deep inside the Earth C New Mexico D cosmic rays from sun D any ancient surface, billions of years old E Earth's magnetic field E Atlantic ocean 24 The Tharsis Bulge on Mars is a __. 17 What did Galileo think the large dark spots on the moon A ocean floor were, when he first viewed the moon with a telescope? B large shield volcano A cups C river valley B deserts D rift valley C continents E continent D images painted on by inhabitants of moon E oceans 25 The sky on Mars is pink. This is due to A very high temperatures in atmosphere 18 How do the tidal bulges on the Earth affect the orbit of B great distance from sun our moon? They cause the moon to have …. C oxygen in atmosphere A smaller orbit, shorter period D wind-blown dust B larger orbit, shorter period E carbon dioxide in atmosphere C smaller orbit, longer period D larger orbit, longer period 26 The moons of Mars are probably actually A captured asteroids 19 The study of seismic waves tells us that __. B captured comets A the mantle is liquid C smaller than a basketball B granite is denser than basalt D bigger than our moon C the outer core of the Earth is liquid E bigger than Mercury D the Earth is a permanent magnetic E the Earth is 4.5 billion years old 27 Which of the following led to the discovery of the asteroids? 20 The rocks of the moon have been heated to a very high A Bode-Titius Rule temperature. How do we know this? B Newton's Law A there are no volatile elements in moon rocks C Principle of Equvalence B there is so much iron in the moon D kepler's Laws C the moon has the density of rocks on the Earth's surface D the moon has no air 28 We think that forming amino acids is easy to do, and E there is so little iron in the moon happens naturally all across the galaxy, since A they are the most common life form on Mars 21 Which is a major reason that we are so interested in B they are the most common life form on Earth understanding Mars? Understanding ... C they are attracted to stars A rift valleys on Earth D they were found in meteorites B volcanoes on Earth E they appeared on Earth after 2 billion years C magnetic fields on Earth D the epoch of the heavy bombardment E the origins of life Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 57 The sun sign for March 1 now is not the same as the sun 64 What is the source of the internal heat that makes some sign was 2000 years ago because __. moons of Jovian planets very hot inside? A the calendar was changed in 1900 A radioactive decay B of changes in the Earth's orbit B impacts and accretion C stars drift through space, changing constellations C compression D of precession of Earth's poles D tidal stretching E of continental drift E heat of formation 58 Which is now the most important single place on the Earth 65 We know that there are no undiscovered planets closer to for finding all types of meteorites? the sun than Mercury because such a planet would do which A Antarctica of the following? B Atlantic Ocean A produce total eclipses of the sun C South America B hit the sun due to its eccentric orbit D Australia C eclipse our moon E Pacific Ocean D cross Venus' orbit and hit it E transit the sun 59 What was the goal of the Surveyor spacecraft? A study the moon's surface up close 66 Of all the planets, this one is the one that is most nearly B make maps of the moon's surface Earth's twin in size and mass. C land people on the moon A Mercury D crash land TV camera on surface B Jupiter E study moon's magnetic field C Uranus D Venus 60 What happened to Venus about half a billion years ago? E Mars A rotation turned around B magnetic field disappeared 67 Dried up river beds as long as the Mississippi River, with C oceans formed in middle period switchbacks and an extensive delta at its end, are found on D entire surface reformed by volcanoes Mars. Such features must have been caused by E atmosphere formed for first time A plate tectonics B gentle rainfall in a denser atmosphere 61 We suspect that forming simple single-celled life is easy C meteor impacts and may happen all across the galaxy because D flash floods from melted permafrost A we can detect life in other solar systems E volcanoes B it happened real fast here on Earth C Mars has life 68 Where is much of Mars' atmosphere today? D we see life on all terrestrial planets A escaped into space E Venus has life B on its moons C frozen under ground 62 Because of the way Kepler's second law works, comets spend D in the air most of their time __ the sun, and a very short time ___ the sun. 69 All Jovian planets are outside the sun's "zone of life". A close to, far from A false B far from, close to B true C none of these is correct 70 If our solar system has been visited by extraterrestrials 63 What was the major thing that allowed the last three Apollo 10 times in the past 5 billion years, on a regular basis, flights to learn so much more about the moon? how many years is it between visits? A they had the first seismometers A 5 billion B they carried a rover B 50 billion C they brought back the first moon rocks C 500 million D better spacesuits D 50,000 E landed near north pole of moon E 500,000 Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 71 If a planet's orbit almost looks like a circle, then its 78 What melted the chrondrules in carbonaceous chrondriote eccentricity is very meteorite? A heavy A rapid rotation B light B accretion C small C intense radioactivity D large D strong magnetic field E precessional E strong compression 72 Which is the best description of why astronauts appear 79 The interiors of Venus and the Earth are very similar, so weightless in the Space Shuttle? it is very surprising that Venus does not have ___ . The A there is no gravity that far above the Earth's surface reason for this is not understood today. B moon's gravity balances Earth's gravity A continents C they all fall around the Earth together B any moons D Earth's magnetic field resists gravity C an atmosphere E they have no mass that far above the Earth's surface D a magnetic field E rolling plains like Earth's ocean bottoms 73 All of the rocks from Mars that have been studied here on Earth came from where? (How did they get to the Earth?) 80 It is thought possible that there is primative life on A robotic spacecraft brought them back Titan because of its B meteorites A thick nitrogen atmosphere C no rocks from Mars have been studied B liquid water deep under its surface D Apollo astronauts brought them back C warm surface temperatures D microfossils inside meteorites 74 A body that is held together by its gravity will always . E strong magnetic field .. A be close to the sun 81 Most of the mass of a Jovian planet actually came from B be round like a ball A the Earth C have a strong magnetic field B primitive atmosphere in solar nebula D spin very fast C asteroids from the asteroid belt E spin very slowly D rocky planetesimals E the sun 75 How do the sizes of Kentucky's impact craters compare with the crater identified with the KT catastrophe? 82 If you suddenly turned off the forces due to gravity, which A Kentucky has no impact craters of the following would happen? B about 10 times larger A Earth's orbital period would get faster C about the same B moon fall onto Earth D about 100 times larger C Earth fly off across intergalactic space E more than 10 times smaller D Moon's orbital period would get faster E Earth fall onto Sun 76 The Cassini mission to Saturn has a lander whose main purpose is to 83 What happened to Apollo 18, 19 and 20? A measure mass of Saturn A planed, but never built B photograph surface of Saturn B used in Skylab program C measure temperature of Saturn's atmosphere C built but never used D find out what Saturn's rings are made of D used in Space Shuttle program E search for life on Titan E never planned 77 Today, water cannot be a liquid on Mars because 84 What happened to the Lunar Orbiters when they flew over the A temperature is always too high lunar seas? B magnetic field is too strong A discovered seas are basalt C air pressure is too low B discovered moon totally devoid of life D air pressure is too high C pulled down by strong magnetic field E temperature is always too low D discovered seas are solid E pulled down a bit by strong gravity Special codes=101101 Ast 191-1 Test 4 Dr. Ferland, Fall 2004 Special codes=101101 85 Where does the light illuminating the night part of the 92 Iron meteorites formed near the center of a differentiated moon and causing the "new moon in the old moon's arms" come protoplanet. Why does the iron in these meteorites have a from? crystalline pattern? A the moon's atmosphere A water present in protoplanet B Mars B very slow rate of cooling C Venus C amino acids present in protoplanet D direct illumination from the sun D rapid spinning of protoplanet E sunlight reflected from the Earth E very strong magnetic field 86 People once thought that Mars had "canals" dug by an 93 How is the age of the surface of Venus measured? intelligent civilization. What were these actually? A cosmic ray dating A canals dug by an intelligent civilization B from erosion of river valleys B optical illusion C count impact craters C tectonic ridges D radioactive dating D rilles on surface E strength of its magnetic field E not known what they are 94 We have used spacecraft to explore most of the planets of 87 How does the spacing between the orbits of the terrestrial the solar system. planets compare with the spacing between the orbits of the A true Jovian planets? B false A terrestrial planets much closer together than Jovian B terrestrial planets much farther apart than Jovian 95 If is now considered possible that life might now exist on C spacing between terrestrial and Jovian planets the same Mars. Where is the most likely place this life could exist but not have been detected by the Viking landers? 88 What happened at the Permian Triassic mass extinction? A near south pole A all oceans evaporated B frozen in ice B radioactive decays became intense C on top of highest volcanoes C magnetic field stopped D near central mountains of impact craters D extensive volcanoes changed climate E underground E cosmic ray exposure increased 96 What is most of the matter in a Jovian planet composed of? 89 The clouds in Venus' atmosphere occur mainly at very high A liquid hydrogen altitudes - its atmosphere is actually quite clear below 20 B iron mile heights. C gaseous hydrogen A true D rocks B false E nickel 90 Which part of the Earth is broken into plates? 97 The highest temperatures that occur over a day on Mars are A lithosphere how hot? B crustalsphere A 300F C mantle B hot enough to melt lead D asthenosphere C -350F E outer core D -200F E like a spring day in Kentucky 91 Which is the denser type of igneous rock that forms much of the Earth sea floors? 98 The north pole of the Earth wobbles around in a large A shale circle, making a complete revolution in about ____ . B basalt A 1 hour C limestone B 1 million years D coal C 1 year E granite D 26,000 years E 1 day