Term 1: Extinction and Evolutionary Biology, Quizzes of Biology

Download Term 1: Extinction and Evolutionary Biology and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Extinction DEFINITION 1 Death of all inds of a species or other taxonomic group usually due to the failure to adapt to changing environmental conditions TERM 2 Background Extinction DEFINITION 2 Natural process of extinction TERM 3 Mass Extinction DEFINITION 3 Evolution "Hurricanes" - Prune tree of life. Over 60% of species in a 1 million year periodEx. KT asteroid strike TERM 4 Conservation Biology DEFINITION 4 Habitat destruction and reduction in numbers of inds and species.Science that studies the diversity and scarcity of life on earth.Counteracts biodiversity crisis. TERM 5 Biodiversity Crisis DEFINITION 5 Great reduction of life on earth. TERM 6 Extinction caused by humans DEFINITION 6 Habitat destruction. Overexploitation of orgs. Excessive sport hunting, fishing, commercial harvest. TERM 7 Exotic Species DEFINITION 7 A species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. TERM 8 Invasive Species DEFINITION 8 A species that somehow harms the new environment and native species they associate with TERM 9 Enemy release hypothesis DEFINITION 9 Exotic species do well and spread rapidly in their new environment because they have been released or liberated from their coevolved natural enemies in their original environment. They are now in new environ without their enemies and their energy does not go into defenses but into growth and reproduction. TERM 10 Lake Victoria DEFINITION 10 Cichlid fish species. In 1960s nile perch introduced, extinction of cichlid fish, no food for perch, perch die. TERM 21 Pop Bottleneck DEFINITION 21 Pop is dramatically reduced in numbers and so is their genetic variability. TERM 22 Synthetic Theory of Evolution DEFINITION 22 Change of gene frequencies in gene pool of a species pop. Species is an iolated pool of genes possessing regional gene complex. Ind contains portion of genes in gene pool. Phenotype that favors more offspring will contribute more to gene pool. Isolation restricts gene flow between pops. Speciation completed when variations have accumulated and genetic changes can't occur. Mutation is source of new genes in gene pool. TERM 23 Five Kingdom Taxonomic Group DEFINITION 23 Monear Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia TERM 24 3 Domain System DEFINITION 24 Bacteria Archaea Eukarya TERM 25 Scientific Name Procedure DEFINITION 25 A "species" name refers to both generic and specific epithets; A specific epithet cannot stand TERM 26 Genus/Species Naming DEFINITION 26 Genus is capitalized, species is lower case TERM 27 Taxonomy DEFINITION 27 Practice of classifying orgs TERM 28 Systematics DEFINITION 28 Methods of relationships used or employed in the taxonomic scheme TERM 29 John Ray DEFINITION 29 Late 1600s. First person to use the labels genus and species TERM 30 Linnaeus DEFINITION 30 Binomial naming system;system of branching categories. Based on diffs and similarities of species. TERM 31 Haeckel DEFINITION 31 1800s. Embryologist use emerging line thinking of Darwin TERM 32 Phylogenetic DEFINITION 32 Phylogony and genealogy of major lines of descent and their relationships. Orgs are the product of evolution and places orgsd into groups that reflect not only their family trees, but also the degree to which they differ. TERM 33 Cladistics DEFINITION 33 Evolution history and relationships of orgs. TERM 34 Phylogenetic Trees DEFINITION 34 Trees based on sequential order in which branches arise from a phylogenetic tree; branching points are marked by appearance of characteristics absent in ancestral condition; evolutionary biology changes that occurred since the groups branches from one another are not. TERM 35 Molecular Taxonomy DEFINITION 35 Biochem techniques, DNA-DNA hyrbridization, AA Seqeuncing.Diverse species can be compared, results are objective, expensive. TERM 46 Excavates DEFINITION 46 Feeding groove, modified mitochondria, different flagella, parasites, predators, photosynthetic.Ex. Diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans TERM 47 Chromalveolates DEFINITION 47 Heterotrophic cell engulfed photosynthetic eukaryotic cell, unicellular (ancestor) TERM 48 Alveolates DEFINITION 48 Small sacs under plasma membrane TERM 49 Ciliates/Stramenopiles DEFINITION 49 Subgroups of Alveolates:C: Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans (plasmodium spp)S: Characteristic flagella" Diatoms, brown algae. TERM 50 Rhizarians DEFINITION 50 Amoebas, unicellular, threadlike pseudopods, phagocytosis. Ex. Foraminiferans, radiolarians TERM 51 Achaeplastids DEFINITION 51 unicellular, colonial, multicellular, ancient protist ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium. Ex. Red/green algae, land plants. TERM 52 Unikonts DEFINITION 52 Uni/multicellular. Amoebas, opisthokonts (fungi, animalia) Characteristics similar to rhizarians, but DNA is very diff TERM 53 Origin of Multicellular Orgs DEFINITION 53 Greater complexity in organelles of eukaryotes which lead to many adaptations. Eukaryotes have more genetic info which codes for larger orgs with specialization, more efficient metabolically. Links between unicellular orgs and multicellular were colonies. Cells of multicellular orgs have a function of cells that coexist and cooperate. TERM 54 Homeostasis DEFINITION 54 Cells to tissues to organs to systems to orgs TERM 55 Archaeplastida DEFINITION 55 Kingdom plantae. Nonmotile, cell wall, protected embryo by layers of tissue, most multicellular. Autotrophic, self nourishing cellulose, chloroplasts contain chlorophyl and multicellular carotenoids. Alternation of haploid and diploid generations. TERM 56 Gametophyte/Sporophyte DEFINITION 56 G: nS: 2n, dependent on the gametophyte for nutrients/survival. TERM 57 Nonvascular Plants DEFINITION 57 Lack complex vascular tissue. Few have sample vascular tissue, thallus (body), lack true roots, stems. TERM 58 Phaeophyta, Rhadophyta, Chlorophyta DEFINITION 58 Algae. P:brown R:red C:green. TERM 59 Hepatophyta, anthocerophyta, Bryophyta DEFINITION 59 H:Liverworts A:hornworts B: mosses TERM 60 Mosses DEFINITION 60 Small damp terrestrial areas. Waxy covering. Few, simple vascular tissue. Sperm move through water. Similar to first land plants around 960 mya. TERM 71 Ovary DEFINITION 71 Enlarge and encase the seeds, fruit protected dispersed. TERM 72 Monocots DEFINITION 72 Grasses, orchids, daffodils. One cotyledon. Leaf veins usually parallel long and narrow. Stem vascular tissue scattered. Fibrous roots. Pollen grain with on opening. Flowers in multiples of 3 TERM 73 Eudicots DEFINITION 73 Oak, maple, sycamore, roses. Two cotyledon. Leaf veins usually netlike, palm like. Stem vascular tissue arranged in ring. Taproot usually present. Pollen grain with 3 openings. Flowers in multiples of 5. TERM 74 Plant structure and function DEFINITION 74 1. Root system - primary root and accessories roots.2. Shoot system - stems, leaves and reproductive structures TERM 75 Roots DEFINITION 75 Anchor shoot system. Absorb water and minerals. Store materials TERM 76 Primary Root DEFINITION 76 Taproot system (eudictotes) , Fibrous root system (monocotes) TERM 77 Stems DEFINITION 77 Shoot system. Support and distribute leaves. Divided into nodes (areas where new growth occurs). Internodes (growth doesn't occure) Cuticle (outer, water loss), Epidermis (middle, secretes water) Cortex (oarenchyma [outer, chloroplasts], sclerenchyma [inner, support/strength]) Phloem/Xylem (leaf:vein) Pith (storage materials) TERM 78 Leaves DEFINITION 78 Blade joined by stem by stalk like petiole.