Ecosystem Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

Download Ecosystem Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Ecosystem DEFINITION 1 All of the organisms & the physical factors wintin a given area. TERM 2 Biotic DEFINITION 2 Biotic is a living component of a community; for example organisms, such as plants and animals. TERM 3 Abiotic DEFINITION 3 Non-living environment (water, soil, nutrients, light) TERM 4 Population DEFINITION 4 A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. Grey wolves, red oak, brown squirrels TERM 5 Community DEFINITION 5 All the organisms in a particular habitat TERM 6 Producers DEFINITION 6 Photosynthesis - autotrophs TERM 7 Primary Consumers DEFINITION 7 Herbivores - browsers TERM 8 Secondary Consumers DEFINITION 8 Carnivores - predators TERM 9 Decomposers DEFINITION 9 Bacteria, protists, fungi - feed on dead organic matter TERM 10 Food Web DEFINITION 10 producers - 1 consumers - 2 consumers - 3 consumers - 4 consumers TERM 21 2 types of Meristems DEFINITION 21 1. Apical - primary growth (increse in length, tree's grow taller) 2. Lateral - secondary growth (tree's growing wider) TERM 22 Xylem DEFINITION 22 Conducts water & minerals from roots upward (up the plant body) TERM 23 Phloem DEFINITION 23 Conducts "food" (carbohydrates) through the plant body in any direction TERM 24 Taproot DEFINITION 24 Storage of carbs One main primary root EX. carrots TERM 25 Fibrous DEFINITION 25 Many highly balanced roots EX. grasses TERM 26 Functions of the Root DEFINITION 26 1. Anchorage - roots anchor the plants into the ground & absorb water from the ground, sunlight, & sky 2. H2O & mineral absorption from the ground 3. Starch stored in the roots of the plant (for energy) TERM 27 Root Cap DEFINITION 27 cover the root tip and secretes Mucigel-slimy substance containing sugars, enzymes, ect TERM 28 Major functions of Mucigel DEFINITION 28 1. Protection from drying out 2. Lubrication (easepassage through the soil)\ 3. Water absorption 4. Nutrient absorption TERM 29 3 regions of the Subapical region DEFINITION 29 1. Zone of Cell Division behind root cap apical meristem 2. Zone of Cell Elongation Behind cell division intake of water causes cells to stretch 3. Zone of Cell Maturation Cells take on specific functions root hairs develop here TERM 30 Storage DEFINITION 30 Store large ammounts of starch TERM 31 Asexual Reproduction DEFINITION 31 Suckers from new plants that are clones (exactly alike genetically) of mother plant TERM 32 Aerial Roots DEFINITION 32 EX. "knees" of Bald Cypress TERM 33 Epiphytes DEFINITION 33 Plants that grow on other plants, get nutrients thru aerial root TERM 34 Mycorrhizal Roots DEFINITION 34 Root & fungus = mutualistic relationship TERM 35 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots DEFINITION 35 Convert it to a form usable by plants,N2 means vigorous growth TERM 46 Benefits of Vines DEFINITION 46 Suport leaves, flowers, and fruits in air TERM 47 Thorns DEFINITION 47 Sharp, pointed modified stems Benefits: deters herbivores from eating it TERM 48 Benefits of Succulent Stems DEFINITION 48 Store large ammounts of water and low surface to volume ratio( minimizes water loss) TERM 49 Rhizomes DEFINITION 49 Horizontal underground stems EX: iris Store energy for renewing growth after stressful periods like cold winters TERM 50 Tubers DEFINITION 50 Swollen undergound stems, store energy EX: Irish potato TERM 51 Bulbs/corms DEFINITION 51 verticle enlarged underground stems EX: tulips, onions TERM 52 Leaf Arrangements DEFINITION 52 Alternate Opposite Whorled (3+ leaves attached) TERM 53 Palmately compound leaf DEFINITION 53 Leaves arise from a common point TERM 54 Pinnately compound veined DEFINITION 54 Leaves at several location along elongated axis TERM 55 Photosynthesis and Diffusion of gases DEFINITION 55 Photosynthesis-O2 for photosynthesis, O2 waste product) & H2O (gas) diffuses out TERM 56 Veins DEFINITION 56 Composed of xylem & pholem, transport H2O & nutrients TERM 57 Stomata DEFINITION 57 CO2 in for photo, O2 &H2O out Pair of guard cells surround stoma and regulate gas exchange by opening or closing TERM 58 Transpiration DEFINITION 58 Evaporation of H2O as a vapor from the above ground tissues (typically leaves the stomata) TERM 59 C-A-T mechanism DEFINITION 59 Cohesion - H2O sticks to other H2O molecules Adhesion - H2O Sticks to other polar molecules, specifically cellulose in xylem walls Tension - Evaporation from leaves exerts a pull or tension on water column in xylem TERM 60 Deciduous plants DEFINITION 60 Drop leaves in Autumn go dormant during dry winter months