Anatomy and Physiology: Nervous and Digestive Systems, Quizzes of Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology: Nervous and Digestive Systems and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Sensory Input DEFINITION 1 taking info from internal and external and environment- stimuli, noise, light. TERM 2 Integration DEFINITION 2 interpretation of those sensory signals (receive stimuli, send to brain) TERM 3 Motor Output DEFINITION 3 sends signals to various effectors (muscle cell, move your arm) TERM 4 Neuron DEFINITION 4 nerve cell, incredibly specialized in order to send info. can never regenerate TERM 5 Cell body DEFINITION 5 has dendrites that comes off body, connect to other neuro- cells TERM 6 Dendrite DEFINITION 6 dendrite-cell body- axon TERM 7 Myelin Sheath DEFINITION 7 covers axon (sausage). provides insulation, send signals to nervous system TERM 8 Node of Ranvier DEFINITION 8 naked axon TERM 9 Synapse DEFINITION 9 space between end of axon and dendrites TERM 10 Resting Neuron DEFINITION 10 sitting and not doing anything, has electrical charge on inside and outside of cell (Na + positive on outside, inside K negative) TERM 21 Pons & Medulla DEFINITION 21 control breathing, regulate heartbeat, swallow, coordinate digestion, whole body movements TERM 22 Cerebellum DEFINITION 22 planning center for Coordination, maintain balance, connect w/ ear TERM 23 Ingestive feeders DEFINITION 23 things are eaten, ingested, plants/animal/combo (omnivore, carnivore, herbivore) TERM 24 Ingestion DEFINITION 24 takes food in TERM 25 Digestion DEFINITION 25 breaks food down, small enough to absorb TERM 26 Absorption DEFINITION 26 body absorbs, takes food in (small intestine) TERM 27 Elimination DEFINITION 27 undigestive waste material passes out TERM 28 Alimentary Canal DEFINITION 28 tubes the runs between 2 openings (mouth and anus... usually 1 direction) TERM 29 Mouth DEFINITION 29 saliva reflex TERM 30 Mucin DEFINITION 30 glycoprotien- protects organism, lubricates to help go down (sharp chip) TERM 31 Buffers DEFINITION 31 utilize various food acids to kill bacteria (pH 1-6 acidic, 7 neutral, 8+ basic) TERM 32 Digestive enzyme DEFINITION 32 Salivary amylase- used to break down big stuff in MOUTH (starch) TERM 33 Teeth DEFINITION 33 provide chemical breakdown TERM 34 Incisors DEFINITION 34 30-32 bite down TERM 35 Canines DEFINITION 35 grab and tear food (vampire teeth) "make sure it won't get away" TERM 46 Large Intestine aka colon DEFINITION 46 Where un-digested stuff goes... RE-absorbs water (dries out undigested stuff) TERM 47 Animal Gas Exchange: Breathing DEFINITION 47 inhale, bring in gases that we need, live in a nitrogen atmosphere TERM 48 Animal Gas Exchange: Transport DEFINITION 48 circulatory system where gases diffuse, which is how it's moved TERM 49 Animal Gas Exchange: Servicing Individual Cells DEFINITION 49 exhale, pick up oxygen and get rid of CO2 TERM 50 Respiratory Surfaces DEFINITION 50 oxygen going to diffuse cell membrane, CO2 diffuses back out (bring O in, CO2 out). oxygen must 1st dissolve in WATER... respiratory services must be moist1 TERM 51 Integumentary Exchange DEFINITION 51 earthworms/flatworms, exchange gas, produce mucus under skin so it stays moist TERM 52 Counter-current flow DEFINITION 52 as water flows from front of gills to back, across gill structures the fish is able to extract that dissolved O2, while the blood goes the other way. (80% of O2 in water fish gain). TERM 53 Tracheal Systems DEFINITION 53 bugs have HARD exoskeleton, surface of insect- trachea (tubes). Spiracles- hole on outside of animal. Trachea- tube under spiracles that leads to tracheoles (branches) that are moist so they can cross cell membrane. Air goes into those and O2 diffuses (can't work in big things b/c not effiecnt) TERM 54 Lungs- terrestrial vertebrates DEFINITION 54 Amphibians have lungs, circulatory system TERM 55 Direction of gases (larger animals) DEFINITION 55 enter body through nostrils-> through mouth cavity -> thorugh bone layers lined w/ cells (heats and filters air) -> back of mouth (pharnyx) -> trachea (tube that w/ cartildge rings that keep open, on top is larnyx w/ vocal cords)-> teachea has 2 branches that lead to lungs, where bronchus-- > bronchioles are. TERM 56 Inhale DEFINITION 56 rib cage and chest cavity moves up, lungs expand up and out, diaphram increases volume of the lung, air pressure of lungs are low to air pressue. Bring in CO2, picking up O2, (picked up by red blood cells) TERM 57 Exhale DEFINITION 57 ribs contract, chest cavity towards backbone, diaphragm goes back up, increase pressure inside lungs, and air comes out TERM 58 Thalamus DEFINITION 58 sorts data from everywhere and decide what is and isn't important TERM 59 Hypothalamus DEFINITION 59 control secretion for hormones, regulate body temp, hunger, fight/flight TERM 60 Epithalamus DEFINITION 60 pineal gland, hooked to eyes- allows your sense of day/night and activity/non-activity, awake/asleep TERM 71 Optic Nerve DEFINITION 71 axons/dendrites present so you can figure out what your looking at o Blind spot- focusing light on blind spot where there are no photoreceptors TERM 72 Vitreous Humor DEFINITION 72 allow eye to have 3d shape TERM 73 Rods DEFINITION 73 allow only to see in black and white, sensitive to light, allow to see in dark TERM 74 Cones DEFINITION 74 stimulated by very bright light, allow you to see in color, see incredibly sharp detail TERM 75 Pinna DEFINITION 75 made of cartilage, acts as cone to funnel sound waves TERM 76 Tympanic Membrane DEFINITION 76 eardrum "drum head" TERM 77 Auditory Canal DEFINITION 77 sounds bounces to reach eardrum (vibrates at eardrunm) TERM 78 Eustachian tube DEFINITION 78 connects to back of throat that allows equalization of pressure (airplane) so eardrum doesnt blow out TERM 79 Cochlea DEFINITION 79 fluid inside move back and forth, hair cells bend the sound, this makes the membrane move, which causes an AP to the brain (cerebrum) TERM 80 Animal Circulation DEFINITION 80 carry various waste products to betaken out, NEED blood TERM 81 Open Circulatory System DEFINITION 81 invertebrates- shrimp, spiders, insects. pumped from REAR to FRONT... their blood sloshes around inside of them, not EFFICIENT. TERM 82 Hemolymph DEFINITION 82 blood in open circulatory, does NOT transport oxygen, doesn't carry gas, no color, does not need RBC TERM 83 Closed Circulatory System DEFINITION 83 Vertebrates INTERNAL structure system, cardiovascular system- network of vessels. Heart--> gas exchange area -- >back to heart--> to entire organism--> back to heart TERM 84 Arteries DEFINITION 84 carry blood AWAY from heart, (usually) oxygen rich TERM 85 Veins DEFINITION 85 RETURN blood to the heart (O2 poor) TERM 96 Direction of blood for heart DEFINITION 96 right ventricle to lung- left ventricle pumps to rest of the body. TERM 97 Aorta DEFINITION 97 immediatetly off this are the coronary arteries which supply blood to heart muscle itself TERM 98 Blood DEFINITION 98 45% cellular element of blood, 55% plasma (water, salts, protiens, nutrients, waste products- CO2, cellular communication- hormones TERM 99 RBC DEFINITION 99 Erythrocyte- the most numerous blood cells. Structure- by concave disk, allows more surface area, which allows more oxygen to be carried. TERM 100 Red Bone Marrow DEFINITION 100 make erythrocytes TERM 101 Hemoglobin DEFINITION 101 protien & iron, oxygen temporarily binds with hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin (bright red), (carbon monoxide mimics oxygen , hemoglobin is fooled by picking up CO and never let go) TERM 102 Heart Attacks DEFINITION 102 when heart muscles dies, coronary arteries get blocked, and the heart will not get blood TERM 103 Blood Clot DEFINITION 103 platelets, parts or RBCs TERM 104 Myocardial Infarction DEFINITION 104 "muscle of the heart" coronary artery becomes clogged with cholesterol. Plaque can be laid down over years and clog it