Exam 2 chapters 5-9 (The realist) | GEOS 1034 - Earth's Natural Hazards, Quizzes of Geology

Download Exam 2 chapters 5-9 (The realist) | GEOS 1034 - Earth's Natural Hazards and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What other natural hazard often creates tsunamis? CHAPTER 5 DEFINITION 1 Earthquakes TERM 2 Tsunamis are? DEFINITION 2 Waves and act much like wind driven ones, they have very long wavelengths that strike bottom far off shore and climb to great heights TERM 3 Why are tsunamis not tidal waves? DEFINITION 3 Tsunamis are unrelated to total movements of ocean water. TERM 4 Tsunami periods are? DEFINITION 4 Time between each wave crest observed on tide gauges. TERM 5 Difference between inundation and run up of tsunamis? DEFINITION 5 inundation is the amount of land inland the tsunami has swallowed, and run up is the maximum elevation reached inland.Run up: verticalInundation: horizontal TERM 6 What is the function of Tsunami Velocity? DEFINITION 6 Water depth and gravitational acceleration, (gD)^1/2open ocean speeds that of a jet liner TERM 7 Considering severeness of tsunami hazards, how do they scale with distance? DEFINITION 7 Tsunamis are most hazardous at the source and dissipate with distance but are still hazardous. TERM 8 what type of boundary causes tsunamis? DEFINITION 8 Dip-slip, rapidly displacing a large volume of water. TERM 9 other than earthquakes what causes tsunamis? DEFINITION 9 Mass-moving land slides and over steepened slopes. TERM 10 Tsunamis are common to? DEFINITION 10 pacific and atlantic basins TERM 21 So what the F is Viscosity DEFINITION 21 How fluid the magma is TERM 22 High viscosity characteristic vs low? DEFINITION 22 high viscosity is thick and pasty like a college student during the winter season. Low is fluid TERM 23 What are the three magmas? DEFINITION 23 Basalt Rhyolite Andesite TERM 24 Basalt is? DEFINITION 24 basalt is fluid like cold molasses, black, form long chains offluid fluid black 50% silica little water content mostly lava flows TERM 25 Rhyolite is? DEFINITION 25 Thick and pasty pale colors potassium silica rich more water mostly ash 70% silica TERM 26 Andesite DEFINITION 26 medium viscosity dark medium shades potassium silica medium rich medium water Lava flows, ash, fragments TERM 27 What mostly determines the viscosity of magma? DEFINITION 27 The silica content TERM 28 What are spreading zones and where are they located DEFINITION 28 ocean-floor rifts that erupt basalt that spread out on the ocean floor.Pacific, Atlantic ocean, mid atlantic ridge in Iceland Basin and Range nevada rio grande rift of New Mexico East African Rift Zone TERM 29 difference between pillow basalts and flood- basalt DEFINITION 29 pillow erupts in water to form bumpy ass rocks and flood basalt occurs over continents where that shit spews fucking everywhere and everyone runs for their lives ahhhh! TERM 30 Difference between continental spreading and ocean spreading? DEFINITION 30 Continental rifts spread their cheeks at much slower rates TERM 31 Subduction Zones DEFINITION 31 Where oceanic plates slide under other oceanic plates or continental ones, spawning most active volcanos.In geology, subduction is the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge. TERM 32 Hot spots are in detail DEFINITION 32 Grow within tectonic plates and withdraw magma from the lithosphere, these usually erupt high viscosity basalt magmas.Hawaii is an active hotspot TERM 33 what is a Lahar? DEFINITION 33 volcanic ash and other fragments transported downslope with waterAKA: mudflows TERM 34 Explosive eruptions produce DEFINITION 34 pyroclastic material TERM 35 air bubbles expand and break apart the pyroclastic material to produce? DEFINITION 35 Volcanic ash TERM 46 What is an energy line? DEFINITION 46 sloping from the top of an ash column can estimate the height of hills that might be overridden by a pyroclastic flow from a start volcano eruption, variables such as density can change the steepness of the slope. TERM 47 Volcanic ash contains? DEFINITION 47 pumice TERM 48 ash can be hazardous in which ways? DEFINITION 48 dangerous to breathe, Ash that is combined with rain becomes dense and can collapse roofs. Clogs jet engines and can cause them to completely fail. TERM 49 how can volcanos cause weather? DEFINITION 49 rapidly rising heat plumes can be accused of creating thunderstorms and heavy rain. TERM 50 This rain created by the volcano creates DEFINITION 50 Lahars, or mudflows that are dense and crush everything in their paths. They can pick up shit as big as cars. TERM 51 What is volcanic vog DEFINITION 51 Volcanic fog or gases that react with sunlight, moisture and oxygen to produce aerosols which is acidic causing threat to life. TERM 52 paleovolcanology DEFINITION 52 involves interpreting deposits from historic eruptions and reconstructing a record using age dates on plant material charred in past eruptions or in the volcanic rocks TERM 53 what is tuff? DEFINITION 53 Ash after deposition forms a rock TERM 54 what are the difference between deposits of ash fall, surge and pyroclastic flow? DEFINITION 54 Ash falls evenly, and covers hills and valleys.Surge is thicker in the valley, thin on hillsAsh flow is thick in valleys and essentially absent on hills TERM 55 no precursor is a sure sign of an impending eruption but what are some that allow us to estimate. DEFINITION 55 a change in the surface temp of the volcano, the gasses being emitted fro the volcano, such as steam, sulfur to chlorine dependent on the volcano TERM 56 what are the criteria for the hazard of a volcano? DEFINITION 56 Type of volcano, Size, rock composition and frequency of past eruptions TERM 57 CHP 8 LANDSLIDES AND OTHER Downslope MOVEMENTS DEFINITION 57 almost there (; TERM 58 What is driving force? DEFINITION 58 The force of gravity working on the weight of the material TERM 59 resisting force? DEFINITION 59 consists of the strength of the material, while the friction holding i in place TERM 60 what factors determine if a slope will fail? DEFINITION 60 slope steepness, material weight and moisture content all play roles that determine when a slope will fail. TERM 71 Transitional slide? vs rotational DEFINITION 71 transitional moves over the top, rotational moves as a coherent movement TERM 72 difference between sliding and flowing? DEFINITION 72 Moves as a cohesive massparticles move in random motion TERM 73 rotational slide plus flow=? DEFINITION 73 slummmmmmmp bitch TERM 74 Runout distance= DEFINITION 74 height of fall/ tangent TERM 75 creep DEFINITION 75 slowest form of flow, moves mm per year TERM 76 ways to combat landslides DEFINITION 76 nuts and bolts TERM 77 subsidence/swelling is? DEFINITION 77 vertical change in the land surface due to the saturation of the underlying bedrock TERM 78 cause and effect is? DEFINITION 78 large property loss TERM 79 what soluble rocks are commonly responsible? DEFINITION 79 limestone dolostone salt karst TERM 80 karst is? DEFINITION 80 contains caves and sinkholes from bicarbonate dissolution TERM 81 calcite precipitates down through saturated ground water into cavities to form? DEFINITION 81 stalactite stalagmite TERM 82 how are sinkholes developed? DEFINITION 82 the bicarbonate rock that has been eroded is filled in by sediment until the end result is a sinkhole. TERM 83 sinkholes collapse? DEFINITION 83 very quickly and with little warning, this shit aint creeping up on you. TERM 84 causes of subsidence are triggered by? DEFINITION 84 changes in surface or subsurface fluids, such as a loss of water or gain in water changing the compaction of the sediment. TERM 85 What are common causes of this? DEFINITION 85 The retrieval of groundwater for agricultural purposes for residential use oil/gas withdrawal dewatering marshlands thaw un-permafrost swelling from wet soils becoming dry or dry soils becoming wet